Mercurial > hg > nginx-site
annotate xml/ru/linux_packages.xml @ 2226:c57947bf27b7
nginx-1.15.3
author | Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru> |
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date | Tue, 28 Aug 2018 18:43:09 +0300 |
parents | a2e77354c77d |
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1 <!-- |
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2 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc. |
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3 --> |
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4 |
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5 <!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "../../dtd/article.dtd"> |
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6 |
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7 <article name="nginx: пакеты для Linux" |
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8 link="/ru/linux_packages.html" |
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9 lang="ru" |
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10 rev="28" |
882
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11 toc="no"> |
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12 |
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13 <section id="distributions"> |
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14 |
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15 <para> |
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16 В данный момент доступны готовые пакеты для следующих дистрибутивов и их |
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17 версий: |
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18 </para> |
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19 |
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20 <para> |
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21 RHEL/CentOS: |
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22 |
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23 <table note="yes"> |
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24 |
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25 <tr> |
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26 <td width="20%">Версия</td> |
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27 <td>Поддерживаемые платформы</td> |
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28 </tr> |
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29 |
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30 <tr> |
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31 <td width="20%">6.x</td> |
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32 <td>x86_64, i386</td> |
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33 </tr> |
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34 |
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35 <tr> |
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36 <td width="20%">7.4+</td> |
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37 <td>x86_64, ppc64le</td> |
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38 </tr> |
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39 |
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40 </table> |
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41 </para> |
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42 |
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43 <para> |
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44 Debian: |
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45 |
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46 <table note="yes"> |
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47 |
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48 <tr> |
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49 <td width="20%">Версия</td> |
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50 <td width="20%">Кодовое имя</td> |
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51 <td>Поддерживаемые платформы</td> |
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52 </tr> |
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53 |
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54 <tr> |
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55 <td width="20%">8.x</td> |
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56 <td width="20%">jessie</td> |
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57 <td>x86_64, i386</td> |
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58 </tr> |
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59 |
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60 <tr> |
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61 <td width="20%">9.x</td> |
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62 <td width="20%">stretch</td> |
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63 <td>x86_64, i386</td> |
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64 </tr> |
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65 |
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66 </table> |
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67 </para> |
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68 |
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69 <para> |
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70 Ubuntu: |
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71 |
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72 <table note="yes"> |
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73 |
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74 <tr> |
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75 <td width="20%">версия</td> |
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76 <td width="20%">Кодовое имя</td> |
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77 <td>Поддерживаемые платформы</td> |
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78 </tr> |
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79 |
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80 <tr> |
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81 <td width="20%">14.04</td> |
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82 <td width="20%">trusty</td> |
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83 <td>x86_64, i386, aarch64/arm64</td> |
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84 </tr> |
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85 |
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87 <td width="20%">16.04</td> |
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88 <td width="20%">xenial</td> |
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89 <td>x86_64, i386, ppc64el, aarch64/arm64</td> |
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90 </tr> |
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91 |
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92 <tr> |
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93 <td width="20%">17.10</td> |
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94 <td width="20%">artful</td> |
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95 <td>x86_64, i386</td> |
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96 </tr> |
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97 |
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98 <tr> |
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99 <td width="20%">18.04</td> |
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100 <td width="20%">bionic</td> |
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101 <td>x86_64</td> |
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102 </tr> |
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103 |
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104 </table> |
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105 </para> |
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106 |
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107 <para> |
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108 SLES: |
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109 |
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110 <table note="yes"> |
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111 <tr> |
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112 <td width="20%">Версия</td> |
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113 <td>Поддерживаемые платформы</td> |
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114 </tr> |
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115 |
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116 <tr> |
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117 <td width="20%">12</td> |
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118 <td>x86_64</td> |
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119 </tr> |
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120 |
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121 </table> |
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122 </para> |
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123 |
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124 <para> |
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125 Чтобы включить автоматическое обновление пакетов для Linux, |
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126 настройте репозиторий yum для дистрибутивов RHEL/CentOS, |
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127 репозиторий apt для дистрибутивов Debian/Ubuntu, |
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128 или репозиторий zypper для SLES. |
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129 </para> |
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130 |
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131 </section> |
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132 |
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133 |
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134 <section name="Готовые пакеты стабильной версии" id="stable"> |
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135 |
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136 <para> |
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137 Для настройки репозитория yum для RHEL/CentOS необходимо |
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138 создать файл с именем <path>/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo</path> |
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139 и таким содержимым: |
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140 |
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141 <programlisting> |
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142 [nginx] |
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143 name=nginx repo |
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144 baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/OS/OSRELEASE/$basearch/ |
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145 gpgcheck=0 |
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146 enabled=1 |
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147 </programlisting> |
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148 |
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149 Замените “<literal>OS</literal>” на “<literal>rhel</literal>” или |
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150 “<literal>centos</literal>”, |
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151 в зависимости от используемого дистрибутива, а “<literal>OSRELEASE</literal>” |
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152 на “<literal>6</literal>” или “<literal>7</literal>”, для, соответственно, 6.x |
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153 или 7.x версий. |
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154 </para> |
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155 |
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156 <para> |
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157 Для Debian/Ubuntu, для проверки подлинности подписи репозитория nginx, |
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158 и чтобы избавиться от предупреждений об отсутствующем PGP-ключе во время |
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159 установки пакета nginx, необходимо добавить ключ, которым были подписаны |
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160 пакеты и репозиторий nginx, в связку ключей программы <command>apt</command>. |
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161 Загрузите <link url="/keys/nginx_signing.key">этот |
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162 ключ</link> с нашего веб-сайта и добавьте его в связку ключей программы |
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163 <command>apt</command>, выполнив команду: |
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164 <programlisting> |
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165 sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key |
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166 </programlisting> |
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167 </para> |
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168 |
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169 <para> |
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170 Для Debian замените <i>codename</i> на |
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171 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива, |
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172 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path> |
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173 следующее: |
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174 |
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175 <programlisting> |
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176 deb http://nginx.org/packages/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx |
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177 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx |
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178 </programlisting> |
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179 </para> |
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180 |
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181 <para> |
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182 Для Ubuntu замените <i>codename</i> на |
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183 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива, |
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184 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path> |
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185 следующее: |
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186 |
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187 <programlisting> |
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188 deb http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx |
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189 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx |
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190 </programlisting> |
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191 </para> |
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192 |
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193 <para> |
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194 Для Debian/Ubuntu затем выполните команды: |
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195 <programlisting> |
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196 apt-get update |
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197 apt-get install nginx |
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198 </programlisting> |
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199 </para> |
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200 |
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201 <para> |
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202 Для SLES выполните команду: |
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203 <programlisting> |
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204 zypper addrepo -G -t yum -c 'http://nginx.org/packages/sles/12' nginx |
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205 </programlisting> |
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206 </para> |
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207 |
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208 </section> |
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209 |
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210 |
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211 <section name="Готовые пакеты mainline-версии" id="mainline"> |
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212 |
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213 <para> |
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214 Для настройки репозитория yum для RHEL/CentOS необходимо |
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215 создать файл с именем <path>/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo</path> |
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216 и таким содержимым: |
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217 |
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218 <programlisting> |
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219 [nginx] |
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220 name=nginx repo |
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221 baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/OS/OSRELEASE/$basearch/ |
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222 gpgcheck=0 |
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223 enabled=1 |
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224 </programlisting> |
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225 |
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226 Замените “<literal>OS</literal>” на “<literal>rhel</literal>” или |
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227 “<literal>centos</literal>”, |
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228 в зависимости от используемого дистрибутива, а “<literal>OSRELEASE</literal>” |
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229 на “<literal>6</literal>” или “<literal>7</literal>”, для, соответственно, 6.x |
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230 или 7.x версий. |
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231 </para> |
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232 |
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233 <para> |
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234 Для Debian/Ubuntu, для проверки подлинности подписи репозитория nginx, |
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235 и чтобы избавиться от предупреждений об отсутствующем PGP-ключе во время |
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236 установки пакета nginx, необходимо добавить ключ, которым были подписаны |
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237 пакеты и репозиторий nginx, в связку ключей программы <command>apt</command>. |
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238 Загрузите <link url="/keys/nginx_signing.key">этот |
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239 ключ</link> с нашего веб-сайта и добавьте его в связку ключей программы |
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240 <command>apt</command>, выполнив команду: |
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241 <programlisting> |
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242 sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key |
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243 </programlisting> |
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244 </para> |
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245 |
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246 <para> |
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247 Для Debian замените <i>codename</i> на |
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248 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива, |
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249 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path> |
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250 следующее: |
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251 |
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252 <programlisting> |
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253 deb http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx |
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254 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx |
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255 </programlisting> |
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256 </para> |
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257 |
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258 <para> |
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259 Для Ubuntu замените <i>codename</i> на |
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260 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива, |
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261 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path> |
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262 следующее: |
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263 |
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264 <programlisting> |
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265 deb http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx |
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266 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx |
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267 </programlisting> |
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268 </para> |
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269 |
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270 <para> |
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271 Для Debian/Ubuntu затем выполните команды: |
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272 <programlisting> |
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273 apt-get update |
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274 apt-get install nginx |
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275 </programlisting> |
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276 </para> |
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277 |
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278 <para> |
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279 Для SLES выполните команду: |
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280 <programlisting> |
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281 zypper addrepo -G -t yum -c 'http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/sles/12' nginx |
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282 </programlisting> |
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283 </para> |
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284 |
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285 </section> |
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286 |
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287 |
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288 <section name="Пакеты с исходным кодом" id="sourcepackages"> |
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289 |
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290 <para> |
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291 Исходные коды пакетов находятся в соответствующем |
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292 <link url="http://hg.nginx.org/pkg-oss">репозитории</link>. |
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293 </para> |
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294 |
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295 <para> |
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296 Ветка репозитория <literal>default</literal> содержит исходные коды пакетов для |
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297 mainline-версии, в то время как ветки <literal>stable-*</literal> содержат |
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298 исходные коды пакетов для стабильных релизов. |
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299 Для сборки бинарных пакетов запустите <command>make</command> в каталоге |
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300 <path>debian/</path> для Debian/Ubuntu или в каталоге |
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301 <path>rpm/SPECS/</path> для RHEL/CentOS/SLES. |
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302 </para> |
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303 |
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304 <para> |
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305 Исходные коды пакетов распространяются под той же |
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306 <link url="../LICENSE">BSD-подобной лицензией из 2 пунктов</link>, |
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307 что и сам nginx. |
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308 </para> |
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309 |
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310 </section> |
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311 |
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312 |
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313 <section name="Динамические модули" id="dynmodules"> |
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314 |
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315 <para> |
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316 Для того чтобы избежать увеличения числа зависимостей, основной пакет nginx не |
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317 включает модули, которым требуются дополнительные библиотеки. |
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318 Начиная с версии 1.9.11 nginx поддерживает |
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319 <link doc="docs/ngx_core_module.xml" id="load_module">динамические |
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320 модули</link>, и следующие модули собираются как динамические и поставляются в |
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321 виде отдельных пакетов: |
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322 <programlisting> |
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323 nginx-module-geoip |
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324 nginx-module-image-filter |
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325 nginx-module-njs |
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326 nginx-module-perl |
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327 nginx-module-xslt |
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328 </programlisting> |
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329 </para> |
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330 |
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331 </section> |
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332 |
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333 |
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334 <section name="Подписи" id="signatures"> |
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335 |
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336 <para> |
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337 Для проверки целостности и происхождения загруженного пакета |
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338 и в случае RPM, и в случае репозиториев Debian/Ubuntu используется |
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339 цифровая подпись. |
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340 Для проверки подписи необходимо загрузить |
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341 <link url="/keys/nginx_signing.key">этот ключ</link> |
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342 и импортировать его в связку ключей программы <command>rpm</command> |
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343 или <command>apt</command>: |
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344 |
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345 <list type="bullet"> |
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346 |
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347 <listitem> |
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348 Для Debian/Ubuntu: |
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349 <programlisting>sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key</programlisting> |
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350 </listitem> |
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351 |
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352 <listitem> |
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353 Для RHEL/CentOS: |
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354 <programlisting>sudo rpm --import nginx_signing.key</programlisting> |
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355 </listitem> |
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356 |
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357 <listitem> |
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358 Для SLES: |
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359 <programlisting>sudo rpm --import nginx_signing.key</programlisting> |
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360 </listitem> |
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361 |
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362 </list> |
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363 </para> |
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364 |
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365 <para> |
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366 В Debian/Ubuntu/SLES подпись проверяется по умолчанию, однако |
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367 в RHEL/CentOS необходимо добавить |
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368 <programlisting>gpgcheck=1</programlisting> в файл |
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369 <path>/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo</path>. |
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370 </para> |
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371 |
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372 <para> |
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373 Поскольку наши <link doc="../en/pgp_keys.xml">PGP-ключи</link> |
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374 находятся на том же сервере, что и пакеты, |
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375 им следует доверять в равной степени. |
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376 Поэтому мы настоятельно рекомендуем дополнительно проверить |
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377 подлинность загруженных PGP-ключей. |
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378 В PGP есть понятие “сети доверия”, |
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379 когда ключ подписывается чьим-либо другим ключом, |
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380 тот в свою очередь третьим, и т.д. |
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381 Это зачастую позволяет построить цепочку от произвольного ключа |
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382 до ключа человека, которого вы знаете и кому доверяете лично, |
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383 и таким образом удостовериться в подлинности первого ключа в цепочке. |
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384 Подробно эта концепция описана в |
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385 <link url="http://www.dewinter.com/gnupg_howto/english/GPGMiniHowto-1.html"> |
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386 GPG Mini Howto</link>. |
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387 У наших ключей есть достаточное количество подписей, |
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388 поэтому проверить их подлинность относительно несложно. |
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389 </para> |
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390 |
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391 </section> |
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392 |
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393 </article> |