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Linux packages: updated the list of supported distributions. - CentOS 5 removed due to EOL. - Added Debian 9 "Stretch". - Added aarch64/arm64 architecture to Ubuntu 16.04.
author Konstantin Pavlov <thresh@nginx.com>
date Wed, 12 Apr 2017 18:55:23 +0300
parents 94493c0ff5f6
children a4c470ea462d
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1 <!--
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2 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc.
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3 -->
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5 <!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "../../dtd/article.dtd">
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7 <article name="nginx: пакеты для Linux"
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8 link="/ru/linux_packages.html"
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9 lang="ru"
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10 rev="25"
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13 <section id="distributions">
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14
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15 <para>
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16 В данный момент доступны готовые пакеты для следующих дистрибутивов и их
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17 версий:
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18 </para>
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19
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20 <para>
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21 RHEL/CentOS:
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22
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23 <table note="yes">
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24
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25 <tr>
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26 <td width="20%">Версия</td>
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27 <td>Поддерживаемые платформы</td>
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28 </tr>
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30 <tr>
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31 <td width="20%">6.x</td>
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32 <td>x86_64, i386</td>
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33 </tr>
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35 <tr>
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36 <td width="20%">7.x</td>
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37 <td>x86_64, ppc64le</td>
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38 </tr>
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40 </table>
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41 </para>
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43 <para>
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44 Debian:
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46 <table note="yes">
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48 <tr>
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49 <td width="20%">Версия</td>
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50 <td width="20%">Кодовое имя</td>
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51 <td>Поддерживаемые платформы</td>
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52 </tr>
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54 <tr>
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55 <td width="20%">7.x</td>
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56 <td width="20%">wheezy</td>
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57 <td>x86_64, i386</td>
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58 </tr>
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60 <tr>
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61 <td width="20%">8.x</td>
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62 <td width="20%">jessie</td>
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63 <td>x86_64, i386</td>
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64 </tr>
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66 <tr>
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67 <td width="20%">9.x</td>
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68 <td width="20%">stretch</td>
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69 <td>x86_64, i386</td>
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70 </tr>
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72 </table>
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73 </para>
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75 <para>
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76 Ubuntu:
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78 <table note="yes">
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80 <tr>
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81 <td width="20%">версия</td>
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82 <td width="20%">Кодовое имя</td>
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83 <td>Поддерживаемые платформы</td>
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87 <td width="20%">12.04</td>
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88 <td width="20%">precise</td>
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89 <td>x86_64, i386</td>
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90 </tr>
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92 <tr>
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93 <td width="20%">14.04</td>
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94 <td width="20%">trusty</td>
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95 <td>x86_64, i386, aarch64/arm64</td>
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96 </tr>
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99 <td width="20%">16.04</td>
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100 <td width="20%">xenial</td>
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101 <td>x86_64, i386, ppc64el, aarch64/arm64</td>
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102 </tr>
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104 <tr>
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105 <td width="20%">16.10</td>
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106 <td width="20%">yakkety</td>
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107 <td>x86_64, i386</td>
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108 </tr>
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110 </table>
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111 </para>
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113 <para>
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114 SLES:
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116 <table note="yes">
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117 <tr>
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118 <td width="20%">Версия</td>
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119 <td>Поддерживаемые платформы</td>
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120 </tr>
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122 <tr>
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123 <td width="20%">12</td>
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124 <td>x86_64</td>
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125 </tr>
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126
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127 </table>
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128 </para>
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129
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130 <para>
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131 Чтобы включить автоматическое обновление пакетов для Linux,
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132 настройте репозиторий yum для дистрибутивов RHEL/CentOS,
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133 репозиторий apt для дистрибутивов Debian/Ubuntu,
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134 или репозиторий zypper для SLES.
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135 </para>
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137 </section>
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140 <section name="Готовые пакеты стабильной версии" id="stable">
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142 <para>
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143 Для настройки репозитория yum для RHEL/CentOS необходимо
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144 создать файл с именем <path>/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo</path>
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145 и таким содержимым:
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146
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147 <programlisting>
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148 [nginx]
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149 name=nginx repo
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150 baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/OS/OSRELEASE/$basearch/
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151 gpgcheck=0
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152 enabled=1
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153 </programlisting>
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154
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155 Замените “<literal>OS</literal>” на “<literal>rhel</literal>” или
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156 “<literal>centos</literal>”,
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157 в зависимости от используемого дистрибутива, а “<literal>OSRELEASE</literal>”
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158 на “<literal>6</literal>” или “<literal>7</literal>”, для, соответственно, 6.x
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159 или 7.x версий.
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160 </para>
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161
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162 <para>
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163 Для Debian/Ubuntu, для проверки подлинности подписи репозитория nginx,
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164 и чтобы избавиться от предупреждений об отсутствующем PGP-ключе во время
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165 установки пакета nginx, необходимо добавить ключ, которым были подписаны
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166 пакеты и репозиторий nginx, в связку ключей программы <command>apt</command>.
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092088e7977e Replace absolute links to the nginx_signing.key with relative.
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167 Загрузите <link url="/keys/nginx_signing.key">этот
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168 ключ</link> с нашего веб-сайта и добавьте его в связку ключей программы
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169 <command>apt</command>, выполнив команду:
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170 <programlisting>
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171 sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key
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172 </programlisting>
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173 </para>
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174
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175 <para>
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176 Для Debian замените <i>codename</i> на
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177 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива,
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178 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path>
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179 следующее:
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180
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181 <programlisting>
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182 deb http://nginx.org/packages/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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183 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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184 </programlisting>
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185 </para>
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186
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187 <para>
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188 Для Ubuntu замените <i>codename</i> на
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189 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива,
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190 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path>
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191 следующее:
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192
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193 <programlisting>
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194 deb http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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195 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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196 </programlisting>
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197 </para>
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198
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199 <para>
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200 Для Debian/Ubuntu затем выполните команды:
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201 <programlisting>
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202 apt-get update
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203 apt-get install nginx
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204 </programlisting>
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205 </para>
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206
1364
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207 <para>
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208 Для SLES выполните команду:
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209 <programlisting>
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210 zypper addrepo -G -t yum -c 'http://nginx.org/packages/sles/12' nginx
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211 </programlisting>
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212 </para>
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213
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214 </section>
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215
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216
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217 <section name="Готовые пакеты mainline-версии" id="mainline">
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218
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219 <para>
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220 Для настройки репозитория yum для RHEL/CentOS необходимо
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221 создать файл с именем <path>/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo</path>
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222 и таким содержимым:
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223
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224 <programlisting>
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225 [nginx]
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226 name=nginx repo
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227 baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/OS/OSRELEASE/$basearch/
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228 gpgcheck=0
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229 enabled=1
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230 </programlisting>
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231
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232 Замените “<literal>OS</literal>” на “<literal>rhel</literal>” или
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233 “<literal>centos</literal>”,
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234 в зависимости от используемого дистрибутива, а “<literal>OSRELEASE</literal>”
1962
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235 на “<literal>6</literal>” или “<literal>7</literal>”, для, соответственно, 6.x
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diff changeset
236 или 7.x версий.
882
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237 </para>
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238
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239 <para>
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240 Для Debian/Ubuntu, для проверки подлинности подписи репозитория nginx,
933
f297382b1d63 GPG is an implementation only, so "PGP key" is a correct name.
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241 и чтобы избавиться от предупреждений об отсутствующем PGP-ключе во время
882
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242 установки пакета nginx, необходимо добавить ключ, которым были подписаны
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243 пакеты и репозиторий nginx, в связку ключей программы <command>apt</command>.
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244 Загрузите <link url="/keys/nginx_signing.key">этот
882
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245 ключ</link> с нашего веб-сайта и добавьте его в связку ключей программы
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246 <command>apt</command>, выполнив команду:
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247 <programlisting>
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248 sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key
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249 </programlisting>
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250 </para>
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251
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252 <para>
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253 Для Debian замените <i>codename</i> на
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254 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива,
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255 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path>
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256 следующее:
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257
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258 <programlisting>
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259 deb http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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260 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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261 </programlisting>
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262 </para>
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263
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264 <para>
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265 Для Ubuntu замените <i>codename</i> на
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266 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива,
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267 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path>
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268 следующее:
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269
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270 <programlisting>
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271 deb http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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272 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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273 </programlisting>
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274 </para>
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275
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276 <para>
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277 Для Debian/Ubuntu затем выполните команды:
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278 <programlisting>
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279 apt-get update
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280 apt-get install nginx
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281 </programlisting>
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282 </para>
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283
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284 <para>
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285 Для SLES выполните команду:
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286 <programlisting>
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287 zypper addrepo -G -t yum -c 'http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/sles/12' nginx
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288 </programlisting>
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289 </para>
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290
882
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291 </section>
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292
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293
1922
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294 <section name="Пакеты с исходным кодом" id="sourcepackages">
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295
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296 <para>
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297 Исходные коды пакетов находятся в соответствующем
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298 <link url="http://hg.nginx.org/pkg-oss">репозитории</link>.
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299 </para>
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300
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301 <para>
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302 Ветка репозитория <literal>default</literal> содержит исходные коды пакетов для
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303 mainline-версии, в то время как ветки <literal>stable-*</literal> содержат
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304 исходные коды пакетов для стабильных релизов.
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305 Для сборки бинарных пакетов запустите <command>make</command> в каталоге
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306 <path>debian/</path> для Debian/Ubuntu или в каталоге
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307 <path>rpm/SPECS/</path> для RHEL/CentOS/SLES.
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308 </para>
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309
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310 <para>
1922
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311 Исходные коды пакетов распространяются под той же
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312 <link url="../LICENSE">BSD-подобной лицензией из 2 пунктов</link>,
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313 что и сам nginx.
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314 </para>
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315
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316 </section>
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317
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318
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319 <section name="Динамические модули" id="dynmodules">
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320
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321 <para>
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322 Для того чтобы избежать увеличения числа зависимостей, основной пакет nginx не
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323 включает модули, которым требуются дополнительные библиотеки.
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ce3e89d13fa0 Removed unneeded comma in "Since ..." Russian constructs.
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324 Начиная с версии 1.9.11 nginx поддерживает
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325 <link doc="docs/ngx_core_module.xml" id="load_module">динамические
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326 модули</link>, и следующие модули собираются как динамические и поставляются в
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327 виде отдельных пакетов:
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328 <programlisting>
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329 nginx-module-geoip
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330 nginx-module-image-filter
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331 nginx-module-njs
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332 nginx-module-perl
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333 nginx-module-xslt
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334 </programlisting>
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335 </para>
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336
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337 </section>
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338
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339
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340 <section name="Подписи" id="signatures">
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341
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342 <para>
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343 Для проверки целостности и происхождения загруженного пакета
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344 и в случае RPM, и в случае репозиториев Debian/Ubuntu используется
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345 цифровая подпись.
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346 Для проверки подписи необходимо загрузить
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347 <link url="/keys/nginx_signing.key">этот ключ</link>
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348 и импортировать его в связку ключей программы <command>rpm</command>
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349 или <command>apt</command>:
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350
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351 <list type="bullet">
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352
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353 <listitem>
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354 Для Debian/Ubuntu:
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355 <programlisting>sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key</programlisting>
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356 </listitem>
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357
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358 <listitem>
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359 Для RHEL/CentOS:
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360 <programlisting>sudo rpm --import nginx_signing.key</programlisting>
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361 </listitem>
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362
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363 <listitem>
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364 Для SLES:
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365 <programlisting>sudo rpm --import nginx_signing.key</programlisting>
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366 </listitem>
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367
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368 </list>
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369 </para>
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370
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371 <para>
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372 В Debian/Ubuntu/SLES подпись проверяется по умолчанию, однако
932
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373 в RHEL/CentOS необходимо добавить
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374 <programlisting>gpgcheck=1</programlisting> в файл
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375 <path>/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo</path>.
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376 </para>
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377
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378 <para>
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379 Поскольку наши <link doc="../en/pgp_keys.xml">PGP-ключи</link>
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380 находятся на том же сервере, что и пакеты,
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381 им следует доверять в равной степени.
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382 Поэтому мы настоятельно рекомендуем дополнительно проверить
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383 подлинность загруженных PGP-ключей.
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384 В PGP есть понятие “сети доверия”,
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385 когда ключ подписывается чьим-либо другим ключом,
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386 тот в свою очередь третьим, и т.д.
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387 Это зачастую позволяет построить цепочку от произвольного ключа
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388 до ключа человека, которого вы знаете и кому доверяете лично,
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389 и таким образом удостовериться в подлинности первого ключа в цепочке.
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390 Подробно эта концепция описана в
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391 <link url="http://www.dewinter.com/gnupg_howto/english/GPGMiniHowto-1.html">
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392 GPG Mini Howto</link>.
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393 У наших ключей есть достаточное количество подписей,
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394 поэтому проверить их подлинность относительно несложно.
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395 </para>
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396
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397 </section>
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398
882
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399 </article>