Mercurial > hg > nginx-site
annotate xml/en/docs/http/ngx_http_rewrite_module.xml @ 764:f8434fdd3cd9
The "auto" parameter of the ""worker_processes" directive
was merged into 1.2.5.
author | Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com> |
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date | Tue, 13 Nov 2012 11:12:24 +0000 |
parents | 6b6585577c33 |
children | 9fce700e56d3 |
rev | line source |
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392
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?> |
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2 |
580
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3 <!-- |
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4 Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev |
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5 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc. |
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6 --> |
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7 |
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8 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd"> |
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9 |
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10 <module name="Module ngx_http_rewrite_module" |
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11 link="/en/docs/http/ngx_http_rewrite_module.html" |
589 | 12 lang="en" |
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13 rev="3"> |
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14 |
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15 <section id="summary"> |
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16 |
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17 <para> |
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18 The <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> module allows to |
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19 change URIs using regular expressions, return redirects, and |
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20 conditionally select configurations. |
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21 </para> |
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22 |
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23 <para> |
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24 The <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> module directives are |
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25 processed in the following order: |
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26 <list type="bullet"> |
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27 |
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28 <listitem> |
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29 the directives of this module specified on the |
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30 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server"/> level are processed; |
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31 </listitem> |
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32 |
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33 <listitem> |
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34 a location for a request is searched; |
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35 </listitem> |
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36 |
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37 <listitem> |
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38 the directives of this module specified in the selected |
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39 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="location"/> are processed, |
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40 and if they changed a URI, a new location is searched for the new URI. |
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41 This cycle may be repeated up to |
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42 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="internal">10 times</link> |
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43 after which the error <http-status code="500" text="Internal Server Error"/> |
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44 is returned. |
392
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45 </listitem> |
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46 |
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47 </list> |
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48 </para> |
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49 |
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50 </section> |
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51 |
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52 |
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53 <section id="directives" name="Directives"> |
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54 |
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55 <directive name="break"> |
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56 <syntax/> |
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57 <default/> |
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58 <context>server</context> |
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59 <context>location</context> |
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60 <context>if</context> |
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61 |
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62 <para> |
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63 Stops processing the current set of |
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64 <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> directives. |
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65 </para> |
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66 |
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67 <para> |
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68 Example: |
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69 <example> |
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70 if ($slow) { |
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71 limit_rate 10k; |
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72 break; |
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73 } |
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74 </example> |
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75 </para> |
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76 |
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77 </directive> |
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78 |
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79 |
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80 <directive name="if"> |
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81 <syntax block="yes">(<value>condition</value>)</syntax> |
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82 <default/> |
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83 <context>server</context> |
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84 <context>location</context> |
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85 |
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86 <para> |
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87 The specified <value>condition</value> is evaluated. |
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88 If true, the directives of this module specified inside the braces are |
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89 executed, and a request is assigned the configuration inside the |
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90 <literal>if</literal> directive. |
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91 Configurations inside the <literal>if</literal> directives are |
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92 inherited from the previous configuration level. |
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93 </para> |
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94 |
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95 <para> |
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96 A condition may be any of the following: |
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97 <list type="bullet"> |
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98 |
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99 <listitem> |
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100 a variable name; false if the value of a variable is an empty string |
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101 or any string starting with “<literal>0</literal>”; |
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102 </listitem> |
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103 |
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104 <listitem> |
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105 comparing a variable with a string using the |
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106 “<literal>=</literal>” and “<literal>!=</literal>” operators; |
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107 </listitem> |
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108 |
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109 <listitem> |
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110 matching a variable against a regular expression using the |
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111 “<literal>~</literal>” (for case-sensitive matching) and |
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112 “<literal>~*</literal>” (for case-insensitive matching) operators. |
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113 Regular expressions can contain captures that are made available for |
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114 later reuse in the <var>$1</var>..<var>$9</var> variables. |
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115 Negative operators “<literal>!~</literal>” and “<literal>!~*</literal>” |
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116 are also available. |
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117 If a regular expression includes the characters “<literal>}</literal>” |
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118 or “<literal>;</literal>”, the whole expressions should be enclosed |
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119 in single or double quotes. |
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120 </listitem> |
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121 |
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122 <listitem> |
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123 checking a file existence with the “<literal>-f</literal>” and |
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124 “<literal>!-f</literal>” operators; |
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125 </listitem> |
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126 |
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127 <listitem> |
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128 checking a directory existence with the “<literal>-d</literal>” and |
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129 “<literal>!-d</literal>” operators; |
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130 </listitem> |
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131 |
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132 <listitem> |
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133 checking a file, directory, or symbolic link existence with the |
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134 “<literal>-e</literal>” and “<literal>!-e</literal>” operators; |
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135 </listitem> |
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136 |
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137 <listitem> |
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138 checking for an executable file with operators “<literal>-x</literal>” |
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139 and “<literal>!-x</literal>” operators. |
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140 </listitem> |
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141 |
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142 </list> |
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143 </para> |
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144 |
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145 <para> |
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146 Examples: |
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147 <example> |
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148 if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) { |
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149 rewrite ^(.*)$ /msie/$1 break; |
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150 } |
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151 |
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152 if ($http_cookie ~* "id=([^;]+)(?:;|$)") { |
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153 set $id $1; |
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154 } |
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155 |
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156 if ($request_method = POST) { |
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157 return 405; |
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158 } |
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159 |
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160 if ($slow) { |
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161 limit_rate 10k; |
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162 } |
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163 |
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164 if ($invalid_referer) { |
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165 return 403; |
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166 } |
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167 </example> |
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168 <note> |
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169 A value of the embedded variable <var>$invalid_referer</var> is set by the |
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170 <link doc="ngx_http_referer_module.xml" id="valid_referers"/> directive. |
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171 </note> |
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172 </para> |
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173 |
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174 </directive> |
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175 |
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176 |
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177 <directive name="return"> |
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178 <syntax><value>code</value> [<value>text</value>]</syntax> |
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179 <syntax><value>code</value> <value>URL</value></syntax> |
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180 <syntax><value>URL</value></syntax> |
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181 <default/> |
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182 <context>server</context> |
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183 <context>location</context> |
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184 <context>if</context> |
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185 |
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186 <para> |
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187 Stops processing and returns the specified <value>code</value> to a client. |
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188 The non-standard code 444 closes a connection without sending |
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189 a response header. |
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190 </para> |
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191 |
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192 <para> |
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193 Starting from version 0.8.42, it is possible to specify |
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194 either the URL of redirect (for codes 301, 302, 303, and 307), |
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195 or the <value>text</value> of a response body (for other codes). |
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196 A response body text or URL of redirect can contain variables. |
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197 As a special case, a URL of redirect can be specified as a URI |
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198 local to this server, in which case the full URL of redirect |
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199 is formed according to the request scheme (<var>$scheme</var>) and the |
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200 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_name_in_redirect"/> and |
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201 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="port_in_redirect"/> directives. |
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202 </para> |
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203 |
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204 <para> |
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205 In addition, a <value>URL</value> for temporary redirect with the code 302 |
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206 can be specified as the sole parameter. |
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207 Such a parameter should start with the string “<literal>http://</literal>”, |
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208 “<literal>https://</literal>”, or “<literal>$scheme</literal>”. |
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209 A <value>URL</value> can contain variables. |
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210 </para> |
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211 |
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212 <para> |
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213 <note> |
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214 Only the following codes could be returned before version 0.7.51: |
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215 204, 400, 402 — 406, 408, 410, 411, 413, 416, and 500 — 504. |
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216 </note> |
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217 |
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218 <note> |
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219 The code 307 was not treated as a redirect until versions 1.1.16 and 1.0.13. |
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220 </note> |
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221 </para> |
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222 |
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223 </directive> |
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224 |
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225 |
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226 <directive name="rewrite"> |
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227 <syntax> |
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228 <value>regex</value> |
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229 <value>replacement</value> |
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230 [<value>flag</value>]</syntax> |
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231 <default/> |
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232 <context>server</context> |
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233 <context>location</context> |
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234 <context>if</context> |
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235 |
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236 <para> |
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237 If the specified regular expression matches a URI, the URI is changed |
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238 as specified in the <value>replacement</value> string. |
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239 The <literal>rewrite</literal> directives are executed sequentially |
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240 in order of their appearance in the configuration file. |
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241 Flags make it possible to terminate further processing of directives. |
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242 If a replacement string starts with “<literal>http://</literal>” |
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243 or “<literal>https://</literal>”, the processing stops and a |
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244 redirect is returned to a client. |
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245 </para> |
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246 |
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247 <para> |
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248 An optional <value>flag</value> parameter can be one of: |
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249 <list type="tag"> |
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250 |
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251 <tag-name><literal>last</literal></tag-name> |
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252 <tag-desc> |
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253 stops processing the current set of |
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254 <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> directives |
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255 followed by a search for a new location matching the changed URI; |
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256 </tag-desc> |
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257 |
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258 <tag-name><literal>break</literal></tag-name> |
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259 <tag-desc> |
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260 stops processing the current set of |
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261 <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> directives; |
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262 </tag-desc> |
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263 |
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264 <tag-name><literal>redirect</literal></tag-name> |
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265 <tag-desc> |
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266 returns a temporary redirect with the code 302; |
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267 used if a replacement string does not start with |
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268 “<literal>http://</literal>” or “<literal>https://</literal>”; |
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269 </tag-desc> |
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270 |
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271 <tag-name><literal>permanent</literal></tag-name> |
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272 <tag-desc> |
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273 returns a permanent redirect with the code 301. |
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274 </tag-desc> |
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275 |
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276 </list> |
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277 The full URL of redirects is formed according to the |
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278 request scheme (<var>$scheme</var>) and the |
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279 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_name_in_redirect"/> and |
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280 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="port_in_redirect"/> directives. |
392
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281 </para> |
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282 |
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283 <para> |
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284 Example: |
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285 <example> |
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286 server { |
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287 ... |
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288 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 last; |
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289 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra last; |
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290 return 403; |
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291 ... |
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292 } |
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293 </example> |
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294 </para> |
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295 |
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296 <para> |
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297 But if these directives are put inside the “<literal>/download/</literal>” |
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298 location, the <literal>last</literal> flag should be replaced by |
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299 <literal>break</literal>, otherwise nginx will make 10 cycles and |
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300 return the error 500: |
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301 <example> |
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302 location /download/ { |
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303 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 break; |
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304 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra break; |
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305 return 403; |
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306 } |
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307 </example> |
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308 </para> |
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309 |
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310 <para> |
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311 If a <value>replacement</value> string includes the new request arguments, |
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312 the previous request arguments are appended after them. |
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313 If this is undesired, putting a question mark at the end of a replacement |
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314 string avoids having them appended, for example: |
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315 <example> |
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316 rewrite ^/users/(.*)$ /show?user=$1? last; |
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317 </example> |
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318 </para> |
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319 |
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320 <para> |
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321 If a regular expression includes the characters “<literal>}</literal>” |
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322 or “<literal>;</literal>”, the whole expressions should be enclosed |
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323 in single or double quotes. |
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324 </para> |
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325 |
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326 </directive> |
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327 |
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328 |
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329 <directive name="rewrite_log"> |
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330 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax> |
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331 <default>off</default> |
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332 <context>http</context> |
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333 <context>server</context> |
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334 <context>location</context> |
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335 <context>if</context> |
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336 |
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337 <para> |
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338 Enables or disables logging of <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> |
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339 module directives processing results |
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340 into the <link doc="../ngx_core_module.xml" id="error_log"/> at |
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341 the <literal>notice</literal> level. |
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342 </para> |
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343 |
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344 </directive> |
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345 |
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346 |
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347 <directive name="set"> |
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348 <syntax><value>variable</value> <value>value</value></syntax> |
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349 <default/> |
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350 <context>server</context> |
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351 <context>location</context> |
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352 <context>if</context> |
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353 |
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354 <para> |
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355 Sets a <value>value</value> for the specified <value>variable</value>. |
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356 A <value>value</value> can contain text, variables, and their combination. |
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357 </para> |
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358 |
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359 </directive> |
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360 |
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361 |
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362 <directive name="uninitialized_variable_warn"> |
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363 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax> |
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364 <default>on</default> |
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365 <context>http</context> |
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366 <context>server</context> |
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367 <context>location</context> |
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368 <context>if</context> |
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369 |
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370 <para> |
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371 Controls whether warnings about uninitialized variables are logged. |
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372 </para> |
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373 |
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374 </directive> |
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375 |
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376 </section> |
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377 |
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378 |
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379 <section id="internals" name="Internal Implementation"> |
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380 |
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381 <para> |
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382 The <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> module directives |
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383 are compiled during the configuration stage into internal instructions |
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384 that are interpreted during request processing. |
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385 An interpreter is a simple virtual stack machine. |
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386 </para> |
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387 |
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388 <para> |
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389 For example, the directives |
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390 <example> |
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391 location /download/ { |
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392 if ($forbidden) { |
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393 return 403; |
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394 } |
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395 |
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396 if ($slow) { |
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397 limit_rate 10k; |
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398 } |
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399 |
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400 rewrite ^/(download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ /$1/mp3/$2.mp3 break; |
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401 } |
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402 </example> |
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403 will be translated into these instructions: |
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404 <example> |
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405 variable $forbidden |
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406 check against zero |
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407 return 403 |
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408 end of code |
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409 variable $slow |
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410 check against zero |
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411 match of regular expression |
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412 copy "/" |
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413 copy $1 |
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414 copy "/mp3/" |
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415 copy $2 |
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416 copy ".mp3" |
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417 end of regular expression |
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418 end of code |
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419 </example> |
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420 </para> |
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421 |
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422 <para> |
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423 Note that there are no instructions for the |
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424 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="limit_rate"/> |
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425 directive above as it is unrelated to the |
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426 <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> module. |
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427 A separate configuration is created for the <link id="if"/> block. |
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428 If the condition holds true, a request is assigned this configuration |
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429 where <literal>limit_rate</literal> equals to 10k. |
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430 </para> |
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431 |
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432 <para> |
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433 The directive |
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434 <example> |
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435 rewrite ^/(download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ /$1/mp3/$2.mp3 break; |
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436 </example> |
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437 can be made smaller by one instruction if the first slash in the regular expression |
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438 is put inside the parentheses: |
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439 <example> |
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440 rewrite ^(<emphasis>/</emphasis>download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 break; |
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441 </example> |
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442 The corresponding instructions will then look like this: |
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443 <example> |
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444 match of regular expression |
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445 copy $1 |
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446 copy "/mp3/" |
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447 copy $2 |
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448 copy ".mp3" |
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449 end of regular expression |
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450 end of code |
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451 </example> |
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452 </para> |
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453 |
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454 </section> |
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455 |
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456 </module> |