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annotate xml/en/docs/http/ngx_http_rewrite_module.xml @ 702:6b6585577c33

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Slightly changed the wording when talking about the "rewrite_log" directive.
author Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
date Thu, 04 Oct 2012 08:27:40 +0000
parents c48c0936b4df
children 9fce700e56d3
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
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2
580
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3 <!--
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4 Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev
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5 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc.
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6 -->
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7
392
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8 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd">
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9
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10 <module name="Module ngx_http_rewrite_module"
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11 link="/en/docs/http/ngx_http_rewrite_module.html"
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12 lang="en"
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6b6585577c33 Slightly changed the wording when talking about the "rewrite_log" directive.
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13 rev="3">
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14
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15 <section id="summary">
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16
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17 <para>
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18 The <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> module allows to
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19 change URIs using regular expressions, return redirects, and
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20 conditionally select configurations.
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21 </para>
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22
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23 <para>
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24 The <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> module directives are
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25 processed in the following order:
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26 <list type="bullet">
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27
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28 <listitem>
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29 the directives of this module specified on the
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30 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server"/> level are processed;
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31 </listitem>
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32
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33 <listitem>
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34 a location for a request is searched;
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35 </listitem>
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36
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37 <listitem>
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38 the directives of this module specified in the selected
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39 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="location"/> are processed,
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40 and if they changed a URI, a new location is searched for the new URI.
674
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41 This cycle may be repeated up to
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42 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="internal">10 times</link>
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43 after which the error <http-status code="500" text="Internal Server Error"/>
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44 is returned.
392
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45 </listitem>
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46
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47 </list>
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48 </para>
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49
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50 </section>
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51
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52
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53 <section id="directives" name="Directives">
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54
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55 <directive name="break">
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56 <syntax/>
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57 <default/>
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58 <context>server</context>
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59 <context>location</context>
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60 <context>if</context>
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61
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62 <para>
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63 Stops processing the current set of
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64 <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> directives.
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65 </para>
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66
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67 <para>
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68 Example:
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69 <example>
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70 if ($slow) {
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71 limit_rate 10k;
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72 break;
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73 }
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74 </example>
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75 </para>
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76
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77 </directive>
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78
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79
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80 <directive name="if">
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81 <syntax block="yes">(<value>condition</value>)</syntax>
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82 <default/>
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83 <context>server</context>
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84 <context>location</context>
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85
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86 <para>
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87 The specified <value>condition</value> is evaluated.
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88 If true, the directives of this module specified inside the braces are
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89 executed, and a request is assigned the configuration inside the
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90 <literal>if</literal> directive.
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91 Configurations inside the <literal>if</literal> directives are
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92 inherited from the previous configuration level.
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93 </para>
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94
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95 <para>
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96 A condition may be any of the following:
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97 <list type="bullet">
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98
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99 <listitem>
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100 a variable name; false if the value of a variable is an empty string
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101 or any string starting with “<literal>0</literal>”;
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102 </listitem>
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103
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104 <listitem>
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105 comparing a variable with a string using the
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106 “<literal>=</literal>” and “<literal>!=</literal>” operators;
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107 </listitem>
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108
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109 <listitem>
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110 matching a variable against a regular expression using the
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111 “<literal>~</literal>” (for case-sensitive matching) and
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112 “<literal>~*</literal>” (for case-insensitive matching) operators.
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113 Regular expressions can contain captures that are made available for
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114 later reuse in the <var>$1</var>..<var>$9</var> variables.
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115 Negative operators “<literal>!~</literal>” and “<literal>!~*</literal>”
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116 are also available.
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117 If a regular expression includes the characters “<literal>}</literal>”
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118 or “<literal>;</literal>”, the whole expressions should be enclosed
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119 in single or double quotes.
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120 </listitem>
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121
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122 <listitem>
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123 checking a file existence with the “<literal>-f</literal>” and
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124 “<literal>!-f</literal>” operators;
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125 </listitem>
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126
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127 <listitem>
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128 checking a directory existence with the “<literal>-d</literal>” and
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129 “<literal>!-d</literal>” operators;
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130 </listitem>
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131
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132 <listitem>
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133 checking a file, directory, or symbolic link existence with the
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134 “<literal>-e</literal>” and “<literal>!-e</literal>” operators;
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135 </listitem>
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136
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137 <listitem>
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138 checking for an executable file with operators “<literal>-x</literal>”
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139 and “<literal>!-x</literal>” operators.
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140 </listitem>
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141
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142 </list>
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143 </para>
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144
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145 <para>
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146 Examples:
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147 <example>
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148 if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
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149 rewrite ^(.*)$ /msie/$1 break;
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150 }
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151
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152 if ($http_cookie ~* "id=([^;]+)(?:;|$)") {
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153 set $id $1;
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154 }
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155
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156 if ($request_method = POST) {
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157 return 405;
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158 }
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159
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160 if ($slow) {
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161 limit_rate 10k;
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162 }
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163
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164 if ($invalid_referer) {
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165 return 403;
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166 }
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167 </example>
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168 <note>
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169 A value of the embedded variable <var>$invalid_referer</var> is set by the
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170 <link doc="ngx_http_referer_module.xml" id="valid_referers"/> directive.
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171 </note>
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172 </para>
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173
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174 </directive>
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175
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176
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177 <directive name="return">
548
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178 <syntax><value>code</value> [<value>text</value>]</syntax>
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179 <syntax><value>code</value> <value>URL</value></syntax>
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180 <syntax><value>URL</value></syntax>
392
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181 <default/>
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182 <context>server</context>
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183 <context>location</context>
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184 <context>if</context>
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185
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186 <para>
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187 Stops processing and returns the specified <value>code</value> to a client.
548
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188 The non-standard code 444 closes a connection without sending
392
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189 a response header.
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190 </para>
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191
548
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192 <para>
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193 Starting from version 0.8.42, it is possible to specify
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194 either the URL of redirect (for codes 301, 302, 303, and 307),
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195 or the <value>text</value> of a response body (for other codes).
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196 A response body text or URL of redirect can contain variables.
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197 As a special case, a URL of redirect can be specified as a URI
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198 local to this server, in which case the full URL of redirect
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199 is formed according to the request scheme (<var>$scheme</var>) and the
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200 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_name_in_redirect"/> and
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201 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="port_in_redirect"/> directives.
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202 </para>
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203
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204 <para>
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205 In addition, a <value>URL</value> for temporary redirect with the code 302
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206 can be specified as the sole parameter.
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207 Such a parameter should start with the string “<literal>http://</literal>”,
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208 “<literal>https://</literal>”, or “<literal>$scheme</literal>”.
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209 A <value>URL</value> can contain variables.
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210 </para>
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211
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212 <para>
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213 <note>
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214 Only the following codes could be returned before version 0.7.51:
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215 204, 400, 402 — 406, 408, 410, 411, 413, 416, and 500 — 504.
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216 </note>
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217
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218 <note>
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219 The code 307 was not treated as a redirect until versions 1.1.16 and 1.0.13.
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220 </note>
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221 </para>
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222
392
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223 </directive>
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224
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225
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226 <directive name="rewrite">
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227 <syntax>
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228 <value>regex</value>
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229 <value>replacement</value>
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230 [<value>flag</value>]</syntax>
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231 <default/>
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232 <context>server</context>
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233 <context>location</context>
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234 <context>if</context>
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235
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236 <para>
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237 If the specified regular expression matches a URI, the URI is changed
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238 as specified in the <value>replacement</value> string.
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239 The <literal>rewrite</literal> directives are executed sequentially
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240 in order of their appearance in the configuration file.
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241 Flags make it possible to terminate further processing of directives.
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242 If a replacement string starts with “<literal>http://</literal>”
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243 or “<literal>https://</literal>”, the processing stops and a
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244 redirect is returned to a client.
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245 </para>
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246
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247 <para>
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248 An optional <value>flag</value> parameter can be one of:
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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249 <list type="tag">
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250
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251 <tag-name><literal>last</literal></tag-name>
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252 <tag-desc>
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253 stops processing the current set of
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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254 <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> directives
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255 followed by a search for a new location matching the changed URI;
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256 </tag-desc>
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257
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258 <tag-name><literal>break</literal></tag-name>
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259 <tag-desc>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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260 stops processing the current set of
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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261 <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> directives;
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262 </tag-desc>
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263
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264 <tag-name><literal>redirect</literal></tag-name>
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265 <tag-desc>
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266 returns a temporary redirect with the code 302;
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267 used if a replacement string does not start with
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268 “<literal>http://</literal>” or “<literal>https://</literal>”;
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269 </tag-desc>
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270
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271 <tag-name><literal>permanent</literal></tag-name>
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272 <tag-desc>
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273 returns a permanent redirect with the code 301.
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274 </tag-desc>
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275
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276 </list>
548
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277 The full URL of redirects is formed according to the
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278 request scheme (<var>$scheme</var>) and the
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279 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_name_in_redirect"/> and
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280 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="port_in_redirect"/> directives.
392
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281 </para>
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282
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283 <para>
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284 Example:
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285 <example>
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286 server {
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287 ...
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288 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 last;
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289 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra last;
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290 return 403;
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291 ...
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292 }
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293 </example>
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294 </para>
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295
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296 <para>
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297 But if these directives are put inside the “<literal>/download/</literal>”
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298 location, the <literal>last</literal> flag should be replaced by
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299 <literal>break</literal>, otherwise nginx will make 10 cycles and
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300 return the error 500:
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301 <example>
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302 location /download/ {
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303 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
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304 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra break;
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305 return 403;
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306 }
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307 </example>
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308 </para>
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309
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310 <para>
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311 If a <value>replacement</value> string includes the new request arguments,
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312 the previous request arguments are appended after them.
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313 If this is undesired, putting a question mark at the end of a replacement
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314 string avoids having them appended, for example:
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315 <example>
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316 rewrite ^/users/(.*)$ /show?user=$1? last;
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317 </example>
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318 </para>
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319
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320 <para>
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321 If a regular expression includes the characters “<literal>}</literal>”
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322 or “<literal>;</literal>”, the whole expressions should be enclosed
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323 in single or double quotes.
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324 </para>
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325
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326 </directive>
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327
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328
673
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329 <directive name="rewrite_log">
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330 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax>
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331 <default>off</default>
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332 <context>http</context>
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333 <context>server</context>
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334 <context>location</context>
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335 <context>if</context>
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336
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337 <para>
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338 Enables or disables logging of <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal>
702
6b6585577c33 Slightly changed the wording when talking about the "rewrite_log" directive.
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339 module directives processing results
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340 into the <link doc="../ngx_core_module.xml" id="error_log"/> at
673
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341 the <literal>notice</literal> level.
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342 </para>
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343
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344 </directive>
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345
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346
392
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347 <directive name="set">
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348 <syntax><value>variable</value> <value>value</value></syntax>
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349 <default/>
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350 <context>server</context>
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351 <context>location</context>
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352 <context>if</context>
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353
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354 <para>
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355 Sets a <value>value</value> for the specified <value>variable</value>.
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356 A <value>value</value> can contain text, variables, and their combination.
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357 </para>
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358
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359 </directive>
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360
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361
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362 <directive name="uninitialized_variable_warn">
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363 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax>
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364 <default>on</default>
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365 <context>http</context>
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366 <context>server</context>
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367 <context>location</context>
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368 <context>if</context>
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369
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370 <para>
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371 Controls whether warnings about uninitialized variables are logged.
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372 </para>
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373
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374 </directive>
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375
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376 </section>
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377
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378
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379 <section id="internals" name="Internal Implementation">
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380
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381 <para>
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382 The <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> module directives
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383 are compiled during the configuration stage into internal instructions
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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384 that are interpreted during request processing.
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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385 An interpreter is a simple virtual stack machine.
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386 </para>
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387
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388 <para>
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389 For example, the directives
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390 <example>
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391 location /download/ {
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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392 if ($forbidden) {
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393 return 403;
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394 }
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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395
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396 if ($slow) {
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397 limit_rate 10k;
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diff changeset
398 }
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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399
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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400 rewrite ^/(download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ /$1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
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401 }
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402 </example>
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diff changeset
403 will be translated into these instructions:
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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diff changeset
404 <example>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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diff changeset
405 variable $forbidden
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diff changeset
406 check against zero
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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407 return 403
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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408 end of code
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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409 variable $slow
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410 check against zero
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411 match of regular expression
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412 copy "/"
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413 copy $1
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414 copy "/mp3/"
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415 copy $2
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416 copy ".mp3"
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417 end of regular expression
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418 end of code
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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419 </example>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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420 </para>
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421
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422 <para>
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423 Note that there are no instructions for the
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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424 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="limit_rate"/>
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425 directive above as it is unrelated to the
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426 <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> module.
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427 A separate configuration is created for the <link id="if"/> block.
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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428 If the condition holds true, a request is assigned this configuration
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429 where <literal>limit_rate</literal> equals to 10k.
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430 </para>
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431
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432 <para>
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433 The directive
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434 <example>
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435 rewrite ^/(download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ /$1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
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436 </example>
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437 can be made smaller by one instruction if the first slash in the regular expression
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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438 is put inside the parentheses:
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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439 <example>
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440 rewrite ^(<emphasis>/</emphasis>download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
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441 </example>
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442 The corresponding instructions will then look like this:
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443 <example>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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444 match of regular expression
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445 copy $1
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446 copy "/mp3/"
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447 copy $2
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448 copy ".mp3"
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449 end of regular expression
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450 end of code
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451 </example>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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452 </para>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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453
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454 </section>
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455
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456 </module>