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annotate xml/en/docs/http/ngx_http_rewrite_module.xml @ 548:95a970603b0f

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Brought the "return" documentation up to date.
author Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
date Sun, 24 Jun 2012 18:58:23 +0000
parents 0491cb7e874b
children be54c443235a
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
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2
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3 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd">
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4
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5 <module name="Module ngx_http_rewrite_module"
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6 link="/en/docs/http/ngx_http_rewrite_module.html"
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7 lang="en">
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8
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9 <section id="summary">
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10
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11 <para>
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12 The <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> module allows to
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13 change URIs using regular expressions, return redirects, and
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14 conditionally select configurations.
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15 </para>
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16
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17 <para>
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18 The <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> module directives are
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19 processed in the following order:
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20 <list type="bullet">
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21
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22 <listitem>
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23 the directives of this module specified on the
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24 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server"/> level are processed;
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25 </listitem>
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26
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27 <listitem>
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28 a location for a request is searched;
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29 </listitem>
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30
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31 <listitem>
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32 the directives of this module specified in the selected
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33 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="location"/> are processed,
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34 and if they changed a URI, a new location is searched for the new URI.
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35 This cycle may be repeated up to 10 times after which the error
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36 <http-status code="500" text="Internal Server Error"/> is returned.
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37 </listitem>
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38
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39 </list>
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40 </para>
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41
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42 </section>
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43
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44
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45 <section id="directives" name="Directives">
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46
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47 <directive name="break">
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48 <syntax/>
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49 <default/>
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50 <context>server</context>
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51 <context>location</context>
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52 <context>if</context>
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53
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54 <para>
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55 Stops processing the current set of
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56 <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> directives.
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57 </para>
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58
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59 <para>
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60 Example:
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61 <example>
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62 if ($slow) {
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63 limit_rate 10k;
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64 break;
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65 }
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66 </example>
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67 </para>
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68
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69 </directive>
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70
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71
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72 <directive name="if">
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73 <syntax block="yes">(<value>condition</value>)</syntax>
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74 <default/>
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75 <context>server</context>
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76 <context>location</context>
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77
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78 <para>
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79 The specified <value>condition</value> is evaluated.
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80 If true, the directives of this module specified inside the braces are
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81 executed, and a request is assigned the configuration inside the
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82 <literal>if</literal> directive.
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83 Configurations inside the <literal>if</literal> directives are
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84 inherited from the previous configuration level.
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85 </para>
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86
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87 <para>
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88 A condition may be any of the following:
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89 <list type="bullet">
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90
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91 <listitem>
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92 a variable name; false if the value of a variable is an empty string
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93 or any string starting with “<literal>0</literal>”;
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94 </listitem>
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95
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96 <listitem>
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97 comparing a variable with a string using the
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98 “<literal>=</literal>” and “<literal>!=</literal>” operators;
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99 </listitem>
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100
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101 <listitem>
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102 matching a variable against a regular expression using the
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103 “<literal>~</literal>” (for case-sensitive matching) and
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104 “<literal>~*</literal>” (for case-insensitive matching) operators.
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105 Regular expressions can contain captures that are made available for
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106 later reuse in the <var>$1</var>..<var>$9</var> variables.
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107 Negative operators “<literal>!~</literal>” and “<literal>!~*</literal>”
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108 are also available.
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109 If a regular expression includes the characters “<literal>}</literal>”
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110 or “<literal>;</literal>”, the whole expressions should be enclosed
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111 in single or double quotes.
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112 </listitem>
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113
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114 <listitem>
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115 checking a file existence with the “<literal>-f</literal>” and
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116 “<literal>!-f</literal>” operators;
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117 </listitem>
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118
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119 <listitem>
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120 checking a directory existence with the “<literal>-d</literal>” and
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121 “<literal>!-d</literal>” operators;
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122 </listitem>
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123
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124 <listitem>
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125 checking a file, directory, or symbolic link existence with the
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126 “<literal>-e</literal>” and “<literal>!-e</literal>” operators;
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127 </listitem>
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128
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129 <listitem>
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130 checking for an executable file with operators “<literal>-x</literal>”
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131 and “<literal>!-x</literal>” operators.
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132 </listitem>
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133
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134 </list>
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135 </para>
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136
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137 <para>
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138 Examples:
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139 <example>
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140 if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
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141 rewrite ^(.*)$ /msie/$1 break;
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142 }
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143
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144 if ($http_cookie ~* "id=([^;]+)(?:;|$)") {
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145 set $id $1;
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146 }
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147
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148 if ($request_method = POST) {
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149 return 405;
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150 }
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151
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152 if ($slow) {
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153 limit_rate 10k;
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154 }
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155
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156 if ($invalid_referer) {
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157 return 403;
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158 }
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159 </example>
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160 <note>
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161 A value of the embedded variable <var>$invalid_referer</var> is set by the
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162 <link doc="ngx_http_referer_module.xml" id="valid_referers"/> directive.
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163 </note>
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164 </para>
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165
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166 </directive>
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167
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168
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169 <directive name="return">
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170 <syntax><value>code</value> [<value>text</value>]</syntax>
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171 <syntax><value>code</value> <value>URL</value></syntax>
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172 <syntax><value>URL</value></syntax>
392
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173 <default/>
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174 <context>server</context>
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175 <context>location</context>
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176 <context>if</context>
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177
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178 <para>
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179 Stops processing and returns the specified <value>code</value> to a client.
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180 The non-standard code 444 closes a connection without sending
392
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181 a response header.
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182 </para>
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183
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184 <para>
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185 Starting from version 0.8.42, it is possible to specify
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186 either the URL of redirect (for codes 301, 302, 303, and 307),
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187 or the <value>text</value> of a response body (for other codes).
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188 A response body text or URL of redirect can contain variables.
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189 As a special case, a URL of redirect can be specified as a URI
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190 local to this server, in which case the full URL of redirect
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191 is formed according to the request scheme (<var>$scheme</var>) and the
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192 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_name_in_redirect"/> and
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193 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="port_in_redirect"/> directives.
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194 </para>
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195
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196 <para>
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197 In addition, a <value>URL</value> for temporary redirect with the code 302
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198 can be specified as the sole parameter.
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199 Such a parameter should start with the string “<literal>http://</literal>”,
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200 “<literal>https://</literal>”, or “<literal>$scheme</literal>”.
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201 A <value>URL</value> can contain variables.
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202 </para>
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203
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204 <para>
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205 <note>
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206 Only the following codes could be returned before version 0.7.51:
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207 204, 400, 402 — 406, 408, 410, 411, 413, 416, and 500 — 504.
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208 </note>
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209
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210 <note>
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211 The code 307 was not treated as a redirect until versions 1.1.16 and 1.0.13.
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212 </note>
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213 </para>
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214
392
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215 </directive>
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216
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217
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218 <directive name="rewrite">
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219 <syntax>
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220 <value>regex</value>
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221 <value>replacement</value>
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222 [<value>flag</value>]</syntax>
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223 <default/>
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224 <context>server</context>
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225 <context>location</context>
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226 <context>if</context>
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227
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228 <para>
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229 If the specified regular expression matches a URI, the URI is changed
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230 as specified in the <value>replacement</value> string.
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231 The <literal>rewrite</literal> directives are executed sequentially
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232 in order of their appearance in the configuration file.
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233 Flags make it possible to terminate further processing of directives.
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234 If a replacement string starts with “<literal>http://</literal>”
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235 or “<literal>https://</literal>”, the processing stops and a
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236 redirect is returned to a client.
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237 </para>
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238
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239 <para>
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240 An optional <value>flag</value> parameter can be one of:
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241 <list type="tag">
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242
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243 <tag-name><literal>last</literal></tag-name>
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244 <tag-desc>
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245 stops processing the current set of
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246 <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> directives
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247 followed by a search for a new location matching the changed URI;
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248 </tag-desc>
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249
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250 <tag-name><literal>break</literal></tag-name>
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251 <tag-desc>
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252 stops processing the current set of
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253 <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> directives;
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254 </tag-desc>
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255
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256 <tag-name><literal>redirect</literal></tag-name>
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257 <tag-desc>
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258 returns a temporary redirect with the code 302;
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259 used if a replacement string does not start with
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260 “<literal>http://</literal>” or “<literal>https://</literal>”;
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261 </tag-desc>
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262
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263 <tag-name><literal>permanent</literal></tag-name>
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264 <tag-desc>
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265 returns a permanent redirect with the code 301.
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266 </tag-desc>
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267
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268 </list>
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269 The full URL of redirects is formed according to the
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270 request scheme (<var>$scheme</var>) and the
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271 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_name_in_redirect"/> and
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272 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="port_in_redirect"/> directives.
392
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273 </para>
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274
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275 <para>
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276 Example:
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277 <example>
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278 server {
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279 ...
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280 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 last;
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281 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra last;
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282 return 403;
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283 ...
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284 }
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285 </example>
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286 </para>
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287
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288 <para>
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289 But if these directives are put inside the “<literal>/download/</literal>”
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290 location, the <literal>last</literal> flag should be replaced by
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291 <literal>break</literal>, otherwise nginx will make 10 cycles and
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292 return the error 500:
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293 <example>
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294 location /download/ {
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295 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
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296 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra break;
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297 return 403;
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298 }
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299 </example>
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300 </para>
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301
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302 <para>
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303 If a <value>replacement</value> string includes the new request arguments,
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304 the previous request arguments are appended after them.
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305 If this is undesired, putting a question mark at the end of a replacement
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306 string avoids having them appended, for example:
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307 <example>
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308 rewrite ^/users/(.*)$ /show?user=$1? last;
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309 </example>
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310 </para>
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311
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312 <para>
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313 If a regular expression includes the characters “<literal>}</literal>”
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314 or “<literal>;</literal>”, the whole expressions should be enclosed
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315 in single or double quotes.
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316 </para>
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317
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318 </directive>
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319
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320
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321 <directive name="set">
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322 <syntax><value>variable</value> <value>value</value></syntax>
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323 <default/>
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324 <context>server</context>
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325 <context>location</context>
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326 <context>if</context>
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327
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328 <para>
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329 Sets a <value>value</value> for the specified <value>variable</value>.
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330 A <value>value</value> can contain text, variables, and their combination.
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331 </para>
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332
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333 </directive>
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334
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335
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336 <directive name="uninitialized_variable_warn">
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337 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax>
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338 <default>on</default>
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339 <context>http</context>
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340 <context>server</context>
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341 <context>location</context>
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342 <context>if</context>
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343
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344 <para>
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345 Controls whether warnings about uninitialized variables are logged.
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346 </para>
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347
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348 </directive>
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349
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350 </section>
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351
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352
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353 <section id="internals" name="Internal Implementation">
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354
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355 <para>
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356 The <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> module directives
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357 are compiled during the configuration stage into internal instructions
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358 that are interpreted during request processing.
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359 An interpreter is a simple virtual stack machine.
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360 </para>
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361
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362 <para>
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363 For example, the directives
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364 <example>
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365 location /download/ {
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366 if ($forbidden) {
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367 return 403;
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368 }
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369
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370 if ($slow) {
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371 limit_rate 10k;
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372 }
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373
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374 rewrite ^/(download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ /$1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
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375 }
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376 </example>
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377 will be translated into these instructions:
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378 <example>
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379 variable $forbidden
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380 check against zero
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381 return 403
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382 end of code
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383 variable $slow
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384 check against zero
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385 match of regular expression
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386 copy "/"
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387 copy $1
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388 copy "/mp3/"
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389 copy $2
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390 copy ".mp3"
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391 end of regular expression
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392 end of code
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393 </example>
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394 </para>
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395
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396 <para>
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397 Note that there are no instructions for the
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398 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="limit_rate"/>
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399 directive above as it is unrelated to the
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400 <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> module.
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401 A separate configuration is created for the <link id="if"/> block.
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402 If the condition holds true, a request is assigned this configuration
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403 where <literal>limit_rate</literal> equals to 10k.
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404 </para>
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405
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406 <para>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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407 The directive
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408 <example>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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409 rewrite ^/(download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ /$1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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410 </example>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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411 can be made smaller by one instruction if the first slash in the regular expression
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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412 is put inside the parentheses:
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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413 <example>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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414 rewrite ^(<emphasis>/</emphasis>download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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415 </example>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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416 The corresponding instructions will then look like this:
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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417 <example>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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418 match of regular expression
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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419 copy $1
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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420 copy "/mp3/"
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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421 copy $2
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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422 copy ".mp3"
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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423 end of regular expression
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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424 end of code
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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425 </example>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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426 </para>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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427
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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428 </section>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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429
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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430 </module>