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annotate xml/en/docs/http/ngx_http_rewrite_module.xml @ 589:764fbac1b8b4

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Added document revision.
author Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
date Tue, 17 Jul 2012 05:02:15 +0000
parents be54c443235a
children f2d8603813b0
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
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2
580
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3 <!--
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4 Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev
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5 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc.
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6 -->
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7
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8 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd">
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9
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10 <module name="Module ngx_http_rewrite_module"
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11 link="/en/docs/http/ngx_http_rewrite_module.html"
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12 lang="en"
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13 rev="1">
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14
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15 <section id="summary">
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16
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17 <para>
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18 The <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> module allows to
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19 change URIs using regular expressions, return redirects, and
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20 conditionally select configurations.
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21 </para>
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22
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23 <para>
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24 The <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> module directives are
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25 processed in the following order:
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26 <list type="bullet">
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27
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28 <listitem>
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29 the directives of this module specified on the
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30 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server"/> level are processed;
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31 </listitem>
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32
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33 <listitem>
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34 a location for a request is searched;
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35 </listitem>
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36
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37 <listitem>
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38 the directives of this module specified in the selected
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39 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="location"/> are processed,
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40 and if they changed a URI, a new location is searched for the new URI.
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41 This cycle may be repeated up to 10 times after which the error
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42 <http-status code="500" text="Internal Server Error"/> is returned.
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43 </listitem>
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44
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45 </list>
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46 </para>
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47
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48 </section>
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49
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50
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51 <section id="directives" name="Directives">
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52
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53 <directive name="break">
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54 <syntax/>
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55 <default/>
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56 <context>server</context>
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57 <context>location</context>
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58 <context>if</context>
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59
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60 <para>
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61 Stops processing the current set of
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62 <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> directives.
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63 </para>
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64
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65 <para>
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66 Example:
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67 <example>
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68 if ($slow) {
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69 limit_rate 10k;
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70 break;
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71 }
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72 </example>
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73 </para>
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74
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75 </directive>
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76
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77
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78 <directive name="if">
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79 <syntax block="yes">(<value>condition</value>)</syntax>
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80 <default/>
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81 <context>server</context>
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82 <context>location</context>
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83
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84 <para>
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85 The specified <value>condition</value> is evaluated.
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86 If true, the directives of this module specified inside the braces are
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87 executed, and a request is assigned the configuration inside the
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88 <literal>if</literal> directive.
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89 Configurations inside the <literal>if</literal> directives are
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90 inherited from the previous configuration level.
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91 </para>
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92
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93 <para>
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94 A condition may be any of the following:
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95 <list type="bullet">
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96
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97 <listitem>
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98 a variable name; false if the value of a variable is an empty string
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99 or any string starting with “<literal>0</literal>”;
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100 </listitem>
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101
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102 <listitem>
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103 comparing a variable with a string using the
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104 “<literal>=</literal>” and “<literal>!=</literal>” operators;
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105 </listitem>
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106
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107 <listitem>
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108 matching a variable against a regular expression using the
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109 “<literal>~</literal>” (for case-sensitive matching) and
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110 “<literal>~*</literal>” (for case-insensitive matching) operators.
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111 Regular expressions can contain captures that are made available for
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112 later reuse in the <var>$1</var>..<var>$9</var> variables.
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113 Negative operators “<literal>!~</literal>” and “<literal>!~*</literal>”
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114 are also available.
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115 If a regular expression includes the characters “<literal>}</literal>”
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116 or “<literal>;</literal>”, the whole expressions should be enclosed
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117 in single or double quotes.
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118 </listitem>
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119
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120 <listitem>
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121 checking a file existence with the “<literal>-f</literal>” and
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122 “<literal>!-f</literal>” operators;
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123 </listitem>
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124
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125 <listitem>
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126 checking a directory existence with the “<literal>-d</literal>” and
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127 “<literal>!-d</literal>” operators;
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128 </listitem>
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129
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130 <listitem>
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131 checking a file, directory, or symbolic link existence with the
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132 “<literal>-e</literal>” and “<literal>!-e</literal>” operators;
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133 </listitem>
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134
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135 <listitem>
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136 checking for an executable file with operators “<literal>-x</literal>”
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137 and “<literal>!-x</literal>” operators.
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138 </listitem>
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139
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140 </list>
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141 </para>
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142
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143 <para>
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144 Examples:
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145 <example>
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146 if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
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147 rewrite ^(.*)$ /msie/$1 break;
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148 }
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149
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150 if ($http_cookie ~* "id=([^;]+)(?:;|$)") {
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151 set $id $1;
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152 }
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153
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154 if ($request_method = POST) {
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155 return 405;
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156 }
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157
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158 if ($slow) {
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159 limit_rate 10k;
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160 }
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161
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162 if ($invalid_referer) {
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163 return 403;
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164 }
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165 </example>
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166 <note>
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167 A value of the embedded variable <var>$invalid_referer</var> is set by the
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168 <link doc="ngx_http_referer_module.xml" id="valid_referers"/> directive.
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169 </note>
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170 </para>
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171
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172 </directive>
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173
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174
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175 <directive name="return">
548
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176 <syntax><value>code</value> [<value>text</value>]</syntax>
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177 <syntax><value>code</value> <value>URL</value></syntax>
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178 <syntax><value>URL</value></syntax>
392
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179 <default/>
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180 <context>server</context>
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181 <context>location</context>
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182 <context>if</context>
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183
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184 <para>
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185 Stops processing and returns the specified <value>code</value> to a client.
548
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186 The non-standard code 444 closes a connection without sending
392
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187 a response header.
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188 </para>
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189
548
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190 <para>
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191 Starting from version 0.8.42, it is possible to specify
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192 either the URL of redirect (for codes 301, 302, 303, and 307),
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193 or the <value>text</value> of a response body (for other codes).
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194 A response body text or URL of redirect can contain variables.
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195 As a special case, a URL of redirect can be specified as a URI
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196 local to this server, in which case the full URL of redirect
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197 is formed according to the request scheme (<var>$scheme</var>) and the
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198 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_name_in_redirect"/> and
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199 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="port_in_redirect"/> directives.
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200 </para>
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201
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202 <para>
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203 In addition, a <value>URL</value> for temporary redirect with the code 302
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204 can be specified as the sole parameter.
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205 Such a parameter should start with the string “<literal>http://</literal>”,
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206 “<literal>https://</literal>”, or “<literal>$scheme</literal>”.
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207 A <value>URL</value> can contain variables.
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208 </para>
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209
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210 <para>
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211 <note>
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212 Only the following codes could be returned before version 0.7.51:
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213 204, 400, 402 — 406, 408, 410, 411, 413, 416, and 500 — 504.
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214 </note>
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215
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216 <note>
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217 The code 307 was not treated as a redirect until versions 1.1.16 and 1.0.13.
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218 </note>
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219 </para>
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220
392
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221 </directive>
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222
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223
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224 <directive name="rewrite">
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225 <syntax>
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226 <value>regex</value>
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227 <value>replacement</value>
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228 [<value>flag</value>]</syntax>
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229 <default/>
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230 <context>server</context>
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231 <context>location</context>
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232 <context>if</context>
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233
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234 <para>
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235 If the specified regular expression matches a URI, the URI is changed
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236 as specified in the <value>replacement</value> string.
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237 The <literal>rewrite</literal> directives are executed sequentially
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238 in order of their appearance in the configuration file.
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239 Flags make it possible to terminate further processing of directives.
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240 If a replacement string starts with “<literal>http://</literal>”
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241 or “<literal>https://</literal>”, the processing stops and a
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242 redirect is returned to a client.
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243 </para>
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244
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245 <para>
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246 An optional <value>flag</value> parameter can be one of:
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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247 <list type="tag">
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248
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249 <tag-name><literal>last</literal></tag-name>
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250 <tag-desc>
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251 stops processing the current set of
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252 <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> directives
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253 followed by a search for a new location matching the changed URI;
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254 </tag-desc>
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255
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256 <tag-name><literal>break</literal></tag-name>
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257 <tag-desc>
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258 stops processing the current set of
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259 <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> directives;
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260 </tag-desc>
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261
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262 <tag-name><literal>redirect</literal></tag-name>
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263 <tag-desc>
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264 returns a temporary redirect with the code 302;
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265 used if a replacement string does not start with
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266 “<literal>http://</literal>” or “<literal>https://</literal>”;
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267 </tag-desc>
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268
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269 <tag-name><literal>permanent</literal></tag-name>
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270 <tag-desc>
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271 returns a permanent redirect with the code 301.
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272 </tag-desc>
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273
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274 </list>
548
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275 The full URL of redirects is formed according to the
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276 request scheme (<var>$scheme</var>) and the
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277 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_name_in_redirect"/> and
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278 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="port_in_redirect"/> directives.
392
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279 </para>
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280
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281 <para>
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282 Example:
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283 <example>
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284 server {
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285 ...
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286 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 last;
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287 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra last;
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288 return 403;
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289 ...
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290 }
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291 </example>
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292 </para>
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293
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294 <para>
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295 But if these directives are put inside the “<literal>/download/</literal>”
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296 location, the <literal>last</literal> flag should be replaced by
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297 <literal>break</literal>, otherwise nginx will make 10 cycles and
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298 return the error 500:
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299 <example>
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300 location /download/ {
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301 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
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302 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra break;
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303 return 403;
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304 }
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305 </example>
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306 </para>
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307
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308 <para>
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309 If a <value>replacement</value> string includes the new request arguments,
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310 the previous request arguments are appended after them.
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311 If this is undesired, putting a question mark at the end of a replacement
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312 string avoids having them appended, for example:
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313 <example>
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314 rewrite ^/users/(.*)$ /show?user=$1? last;
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315 </example>
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316 </para>
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317
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318 <para>
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319 If a regular expression includes the characters “<literal>}</literal>”
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320 or “<literal>;</literal>”, the whole expressions should be enclosed
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321 in single or double quotes.
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322 </para>
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323
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324 </directive>
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325
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326
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327 <directive name="set">
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328 <syntax><value>variable</value> <value>value</value></syntax>
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329 <default/>
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330 <context>server</context>
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331 <context>location</context>
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332 <context>if</context>
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333
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334 <para>
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335 Sets a <value>value</value> for the specified <value>variable</value>.
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336 A <value>value</value> can contain text, variables, and their combination.
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337 </para>
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338
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339 </directive>
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340
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341
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342 <directive name="uninitialized_variable_warn">
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343 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax>
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344 <default>on</default>
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345 <context>http</context>
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346 <context>server</context>
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347 <context>location</context>
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348 <context>if</context>
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349
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350 <para>
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351 Controls whether warnings about uninitialized variables are logged.
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352 </para>
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353
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354 </directive>
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355
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356 </section>
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357
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358
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359 <section id="internals" name="Internal Implementation">
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360
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361 <para>
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362 The <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> module directives
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363 are compiled during the configuration stage into internal instructions
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364 that are interpreted during request processing.
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365 An interpreter is a simple virtual stack machine.
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366 </para>
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367
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368 <para>
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369 For example, the directives
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370 <example>
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371 location /download/ {
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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372 if ($forbidden) {
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373 return 403;
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374 }
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375
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376 if ($slow) {
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377 limit_rate 10k;
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378 }
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379
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380 rewrite ^/(download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ /$1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
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381 }
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382 </example>
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383 will be translated into these instructions:
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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384 <example>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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385 variable $forbidden
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386 check against zero
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387 return 403
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388 end of code
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389 variable $slow
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390 check against zero
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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391 match of regular expression
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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392 copy "/"
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393 copy $1
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394 copy "/mp3/"
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395 copy $2
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396 copy ".mp3"
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397 end of regular expression
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398 end of code
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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399 </example>
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400 </para>
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401
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402 <para>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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403 Note that there are no instructions for the
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
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diff changeset
404 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="limit_rate"/>
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405 directive above as it is unrelated to the
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406 <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal> module.
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407 A separate configuration is created for the <link id="if"/> block.
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408 If the condition holds true, a request is assigned this configuration
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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409 where <literal>limit_rate</literal> equals to 10k.
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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410 </para>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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411
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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412 <para>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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413 The directive
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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414 <example>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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415 rewrite ^/(download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ /$1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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416 </example>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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417 can be made smaller by one instruction if the first slash in the regular expression
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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418 is put inside the parentheses:
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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419 <example>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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420 rewrite ^(<emphasis>/</emphasis>download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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421 </example>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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422 The corresponding instructions will then look like this:
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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423 <example>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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424 match of regular expression
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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425 copy $1
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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426 copy "/mp3/"
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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427 copy $2
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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428 copy ".mp3"
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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429 end of regular expression
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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430 end of code
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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431 </example>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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432 </para>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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433
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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434 </section>
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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435
5fd99d37a3e6 English translation of ngx_http_rewrite_module.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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436 </module>