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annotate xml/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.xml @ 1127:948c853f5d22

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Upstream: improved "server resolve". Added missing full stop at the sentence end, added "example".
author Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
date Fri, 21 Mar 2014 11:25:20 +0400
parents 2e28d1c4a0a2
children 1594ed379f1f
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
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2
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3 <!--
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4 Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev
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5 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc.
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6 -->
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7
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8 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd">
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9
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10 <module name="Модуль ngx_http_upstream_module"
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11 link="/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.html"
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12 lang="ru"
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13 rev="5">
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14
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15 <section id="summary">
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16
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17 <para>
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18 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_upstream_module</literal>
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19 позволяет описывать группы серверов,
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20 которые могут использоваться в директивах
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21 <link doc="ngx_http_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_pass"/>,
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22 <link doc="ngx_http_fastcgi_module.xml" id="fastcgi_pass"/> и
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23 <link doc="ngx_http_memcached_module.xml" id="memcached_pass"/>.
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24 </para>
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25
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26 </section>
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27
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28
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29 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации">
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30
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31 <para>
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32 <example>
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33 upstream <emphasis>backend</emphasis> {
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34 server backend1.example.com weight=5;
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35 server backend2.example.com:8080;
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36 server unix:/tmp/backend3;
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37
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38 server backup1.example.com:8080 backup;
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39 server backup2.example.com:8080 backup;
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40 }
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41
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42 server {
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43 location / {
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44 proxy_pass http://<emphasis>backend</emphasis>;
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45 }
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46 }
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47 </example>
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48 </para>
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49
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50 </section>
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51
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52
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53 <section id="directives" name="Директивы">
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54
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55 <directive name="upstream">
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56 <syntax block="yes"><value>название</value></syntax>
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57 <default/>
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58 <context>http</context>
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59
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60 <para>
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61 Описывает группу серверов.
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62 Серверы могут слушать на разных портах.
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63 Кроме того, можно одновременно использовать серверы,
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64 слушающие на TCP- и UNIX-сокетах.
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65 </para>
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66
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67 <para>
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68 Пример:
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69 <example>
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70 upstream backend {
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71 server backend1.example.com weight=5;
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72 server 127.0.0.1:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
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73 server unix:/tmp/backend3;
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74
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75 server backup1.example.com backup;
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76 }
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77 </example>
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78 </para>
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79
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80 <para>
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81 По умолчанию запросы распределяются по серверам циклически
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82 (в режиме round-robin) с учётом весов серверов.
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83 В вышеприведённом примере каждые 7 запросов будут распределены так:
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84 5 запросов на <literal>backend1.example.com</literal>
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85 и по одному запросу на второй и третий серверы.
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86 Если при попытке работы с сервером происходит ошибка, то запрос
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87 передаётся следующему серверу, и так далее до тех пор, пока не будут опробованы
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88 все работающие серверы.
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89 Если не удастся получить успешный ответ
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90 ни от одного из серверов, то клиенту будет возвращён результат работы
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91 с последним сервером.
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92 </para>
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93
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94 </directive>
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95
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96
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97 <directive name="server">
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98 <syntax><value>адрес</value> [<value>параметры</value>]</syntax>
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99 <default/>
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100 <context>upstream</context>
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101
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102 <para>
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103 Задаёт <value>адрес</value> и другие <value>параметры</value>
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104 сервера.
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105 Адрес может быть указан в виде доменного имени или IP-адреса,
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106 и необязательного порта, или в виде пути UNIX-сокета, который
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107 указывается после префикса “<literal>unix:</literal>”.
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108 Если порт не указан, используется порт 80.
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109 Доменное имя, которому соответствует несколько IP-адресов,
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110 задаёт сразу несколько серверов.
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111 </para>
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112
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113 <para>
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114 Могут быть заданы следующие параметры:
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115 <list type="tag">
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116
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117 <tag-name><literal>weight</literal>=<value>число</value></tag-name>
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118 <tag-desc>
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119 задаёт вес сервера, по умолчанию 1.
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120 </tag-desc>
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121
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122 <tag-name><literal>max_fails</literal>=<value>число</value></tag-name>
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123 <tag-desc>
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124 задаёт число неудачных попыток работы с сервером, которые должны произойти
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125 в промежуток времени, заданный параметром <literal>fail_timeout</literal>,
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126 чтобы сервер считался неработающим на период времени, также заданный
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127 параметром <literal>fail_timeout</literal>.
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128 По умолчанию число попыток устанавливается равным 1.
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129 Нулевое значение отключает учёт попыток.
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130 Что считается неудачной попыткой, определяется директивами
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131 <link doc="ngx_http_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_next_upstream"/>,
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132 <link doc="ngx_http_fastcgi_module.xml" id="fastcgi_next_upstream"/> и
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133 <link doc="ngx_http_memcached_module.xml" id="memcached_next_upstream"/>.
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134 </tag-desc>
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135
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136 <tag-name><literal>fail_timeout</literal>=<value>время</value></tag-name>
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137 <tag-desc>
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138 задаёт
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139 <list type="bullet">
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140
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141 <listitem>
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142 время, в течение которого должно произойти заданное число неудачных
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143 попыток работы с сервером для того, чтобы сервер считался неработающим;
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144 </listitem>
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145
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146 <listitem>
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147 и время, в течение которого сервер будет считаться неработающим.
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148 </listitem>
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149
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150 </list>
966
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151 По умолчанию параметр равен 10 секундам.
533
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152 </tag-desc>
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153
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154 <tag-name><literal>backup</literal></tag-name>
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155 <tag-desc>
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156 помечает сервер как запасной сервер.
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157 На него будут передаваться запросы в случае, если не работают основные серверы.
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158 </tag-desc>
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159
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160 <tag-name><literal>down</literal></tag-name>
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161 <tag-desc>
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162 помечает сервер как постоянно неработающий; используется
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163 совместно с директивой <link id="ip_hash"/>.
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164 </tag-desc>
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165
1126
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166 </list>
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167 </para>
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168
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169 <para>
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170 Кроме того,
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171 следующие параметры доступны как часть <commercial_version/>:
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172 <list type="tag">
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173
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174 <tag-name id="max_conns">
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175 <literal>max_conns</literal>=<value>число</value>
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176 </tag-name>
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177 <tag-desc>
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178 ограничивает максимальное <value>число</value> одновременных соединений
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179 к проксируемому серверу (1.5.9).
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180 Значение по умолчанию равно 0 и означает, что ограничения нет.
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181 </tag-desc>
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182
1124
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183 <tag-name id="resolve">
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184 <literal>resolve</literal>
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185 </tag-name>
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186 <tag-desc>
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187 отслеживает изменения IP-адресов, соответствующих доменному имени сервера,
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188 и автоматически изменяет конфигурацию группы
1127
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189 без необходимости перезапуска nginx (1.5.12).
1124
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190 <para>
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191 Для работы этого параметра
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192 директива <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="resolver"/>
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193 должна быть задана в блоке
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194 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="http"/>.
1127
948c853f5d22 Upstream: improved "server resolve".
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195 Пример:
1124
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196 <example>
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197 http {
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198 resolver 10.0.0.1;
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199
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Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
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200 upstream u {
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diff changeset
201 zone ...;
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202 ...
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203 server example.com resolve;
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204 }
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205 }
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206 </example>
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207 </para>
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208 </tag-desc>
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209
533
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210 </list>
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211 </para>
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212
fb630c3c5039 Revamped the upstream documentation somewhat.
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213 </directive>
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214
fb630c3c5039 Revamped the upstream documentation somewhat.
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215
1123
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diff changeset
216 <directive name="zone">
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217 <syntax><value>имя</value> <value>размер</value></syntax>
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218 <default/>
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219 <context>upstream</context>
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220
9a9aa8e9d12c Rephrased the "zone" directive, translated into Russian.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
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diff changeset
221 <para>
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Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
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222 Задаёт <value>имя</value> и <value>размер</value> зоны разделяемой памяти,
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parents: 1122
diff changeset
223 в которой хранятся конфигурация группы и рабочее состояние,
9a9aa8e9d12c Rephrased the "zone" directive, translated into Russian.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1122
diff changeset
224 разделяемые между рабочими процессами.
9a9aa8e9d12c Rephrased the "zone" directive, translated into Russian.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1122
diff changeset
225 В таких группах возможно изменение состава группы или
9a9aa8e9d12c Rephrased the "zone" directive, translated into Russian.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1122
diff changeset
226 настроек отдельных серверов без необходимости перезапуска nginx.
9a9aa8e9d12c Rephrased the "zone" directive, translated into Russian.
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diff changeset
227 Конфигурация доступна через специальный location,
9a9aa8e9d12c Rephrased the "zone" directive, translated into Russian.
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parents: 1122
diff changeset
228 для которого указана директива <link id="upstream_conf"/>.
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diff changeset
229 </para>
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Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
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diff changeset
230
9a9aa8e9d12c Rephrased the "zone" directive, translated into Russian.
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diff changeset
231 <para>
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Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
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diff changeset
232 <note>
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Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
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diff changeset
233 Эта директива доступна как часть <commercial_version/>.
9a9aa8e9d12c Rephrased the "zone" directive, translated into Russian.
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diff changeset
234 </note>
9a9aa8e9d12c Rephrased the "zone" directive, translated into Russian.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
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diff changeset
235 </para>
9a9aa8e9d12c Rephrased the "zone" directive, translated into Russian.
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diff changeset
236
9a9aa8e9d12c Rephrased the "zone" directive, translated into Russian.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
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diff changeset
237 </directive>
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parents: 1122
diff changeset
238
9a9aa8e9d12c Rephrased the "zone" directive, translated into Russian.
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parents: 1122
diff changeset
239
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
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diff changeset
240 <directive name="ip_hash">
102
c76a257f3fd4 The directive name is now automatically printed in <default> and <syntax>.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 99
diff changeset
241 <syntax/>
99
1d315ef37215 The case <default/> is now language-agnostic.
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parents: 79
diff changeset
242 <default/>
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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diff changeset
243 <context>upstream</context>
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diff changeset
244
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
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diff changeset
245 <para>
533
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diff changeset
246 Задаёт для группы метод балансировки нагрузки, при котором запросы
fb630c3c5039 Revamped the upstream documentation somewhat.
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parents: 526
diff changeset
247 распределяются по серверам на основе IP-адресов клиентов.
fb630c3c5039 Revamped the upstream documentation somewhat.
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parents: 526
diff changeset
248 В качестве ключа для хэширования используются первые три
542
a9e6a8613534 Documented IPv6 support in ip_hash.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 533
diff changeset
249 октета IPv4-адреса клиента или IPv6-адрес клиента целиком.
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
250 Метод гарантирует, что запросы одного и того же клиента
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
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diff changeset
251 будут всегда передаваться на один и тот же сервер.
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
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parents: 280
diff changeset
252 Если же этот сервер будет считаться неработающим,
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
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diff changeset
253 то запросы этого клиента будут передаваться на другой сервер.
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
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diff changeset
254 С большой долей вероятности это также будет один и тот же сервер.
542
a9e6a8613534 Documented IPv6 support in ip_hash.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 533
diff changeset
255 <note>
566
f8148fc88224 Documented 1.2.2 changes.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 542
diff changeset
256 IPv6-адреса поддерживаются начиная с версий 1.3.2 и 1.2.2.
542
a9e6a8613534 Documented IPv6 support in ip_hash.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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diff changeset
257 </note>
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
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diff changeset
258 </para>
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Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
259
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
260 <para>
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
261 Если один из серверов нужно убрать на некоторое время, то для сохранения
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
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parents: 280
diff changeset
262 текущего хэширования IP-адресов клиентов этот сервер нужно пометить
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
263 параметром <literal>down</literal>.
76
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Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
264 </para>
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parents:
diff changeset
265
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
266 <para>
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
267 Пример:
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
268 <example>
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
269 upstream backend {
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
270 ip_hash;
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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parents:
diff changeset
271
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
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diff changeset
272 server backend1.example.com;
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273 server backend2.example.com;
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diff changeset
274 server backend3.example.com <emphasis>down</emphasis>;
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
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275 server backend4.example.com;
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276 }
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277 </example>
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278 </para>
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279
526
4f907cde0382 1.3.1 changes: ip_hash+weight, least_conn.
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280 <para>
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281 <note>
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f8148fc88224 Documented 1.2.2 changes.
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282 До версий 1.3.1 и 1.2.2 для серверов, использующих метод балансировки нагрузки
526
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diff changeset
283 <literal>ip_hash</literal>, нельзя было задать вес.
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284 </note>
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285 </para>
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286
76
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287 </directive>
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288
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289
316
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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290 <directive name="keepalive">
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diff changeset
291 <syntax><value>соединения</value></syntax>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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292 <default/>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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293 <context>upstream</context>
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294 <appeared-in>1.1.4</appeared-in>
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295
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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296 <para>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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297 Задействует кэш соединений для группы серверов.
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298 </para>
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299
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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300 <para>
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301 Параметр <value>соединения</value> устанавливает максимальное число
654
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302 неактивных постоянных соединений с серверами группы, которые будут
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303 сохраняться в кэше каждого рабочего процесса.
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304 При превышении этого числа наиболее давно не используемые соединения
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diff changeset
305 закрываются.
316
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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306 <note>
654
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307 Следует особо отметить, что директива <literal>keepalive</literal>
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308 не ограничивает общее число соединений с серверами группы, которые
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diff changeset
309 рабочие процессы nginx могут открыть.
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310 Параметр <value>соединения</value> следует устанавливать достаточно
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311 консервативно, чтобы серверы группы по-прежнему могли обрабатывать
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diff changeset
312 новые входящие соединения.
316
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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313 </note>
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314 </para>
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315
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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316 <para>
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diff changeset
317 Пример конфигурации группы серверов memcached с постоянными соединениями:
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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318 <example>
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319 upstream memcached_backend {
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
320 server 127.0.0.1:11211;
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
321 server 10.0.0.2:11211;
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
322
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
323 keepalive 32;
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
324 }
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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325
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
326 server {
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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327 ...
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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328
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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329 location /memcached/ {
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
330 set $memcached_key $uri;
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diff changeset
331 memcached_pass memcached_backend;
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diff changeset
332 }
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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333
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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334 }
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
335 </example>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
336 </para>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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337
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
338 <para>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
339 Для HTTP директиву
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diff changeset
340 <link doc="ngx_http_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_http_version"/>
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diff changeset
341 следует установить в “<literal>1.1</literal>”,
367
f4033b9bc4ec - Removed unnecessary instances of unbreakable space.
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parents: 325
diff changeset
342 а поле заголовка <header>Connection</header> — очистить:
316
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
343 <example>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
344 upstream http_backend {
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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345 server 127.0.0.1:8080;
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
346
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
347 keepalive 16;
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
348 }
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diff changeset
349
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
350 server {
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
351 ...
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
352
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
353 location /http/ {
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
354 proxy_pass http://http_backend;
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
355 proxy_http_version 1.1;
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
356 proxy_set_header Connection "";
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
357 ...
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
358 }
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
359 }
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
360 </example>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
361 </para>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
362
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
363 <para>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
364 <note>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
365 Хоть это и не рекомендуется, но также возможно использование постоянных
966
95c3c3bbf1ce Text review.
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parents: 942
diff changeset
366 соединений с HTTP/1.0, путём передачи поля заголовка
316
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
367 <header>Connection: Keep-Alive</header> серверу группы.
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
368 </note>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
369 </para>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
370
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
371 <para>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
372 Для работы постоянных соединений с FastCGI-серверами потребуется
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parents: 292
diff changeset
373 включить директиву
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
374 <link doc="ngx_http_fastcgi_module.xml" id="fastcgi_keep_conn"/>:
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
375 <example>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
376 upstream fastcgi_backend {
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
377 server 127.0.0.1:9000;
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
378
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
379 keepalive 8;
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
380 }
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diff changeset
381
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
382 server {
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
383 ...
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
384
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
385 location /fastcgi/ {
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
386 fastcgi_pass fastcgi_backend;
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
387 fastcgi_keep_conn on;
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
388 ...
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diff changeset
389 }
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
390 }
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
391 </example>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
392 </para>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
393
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
394 <para>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
395 <note>
533
fb630c3c5039 Revamped the upstream documentation somewhat.
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diff changeset
396 При использовании методов балансировки нагрузки, отличных
316
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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parents: 292
diff changeset
397 от стандартного round-robin, следует активировать их до
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
398 директивы <literal>keepalive</literal>.
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diff changeset
399 </note>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
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diff changeset
400
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 292
diff changeset
401 <note>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 292
diff changeset
402 Протоколы SCGI и uwsgi не определяют семантику постоянных соединений.
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 292
diff changeset
403 </note>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 292
diff changeset
404 </para>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 292
diff changeset
405
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 292
diff changeset
406 </directive>
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 292
diff changeset
407
1fb1c077658b Documented the following directives: "keepalive", "proxy_http_version",
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 292
diff changeset
408
1125
9a95b9026a16 Upstream: reallocated the "queue" directive.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 1124
diff changeset
409 <directive name="least_conn">
9a95b9026a16 Upstream: reallocated the "queue" directive.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 1124
diff changeset
410 <syntax/>
9a95b9026a16 Upstream: reallocated the "queue" directive.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 1124
diff changeset
411 <default/>
9a95b9026a16 Upstream: reallocated the "queue" directive.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 1124
diff changeset
412 <context>upstream</context>
9a95b9026a16 Upstream: reallocated the "queue" directive.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 1124
diff changeset
413 <appeared-in>1.3.1</appeared-in>
9a95b9026a16 Upstream: reallocated the "queue" directive.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 1124
diff changeset
414 <appeared-in>1.2.2</appeared-in>
9a95b9026a16 Upstream: reallocated the "queue" directive.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 1124
diff changeset
415
9a95b9026a16 Upstream: reallocated the "queue" directive.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 1124
diff changeset
416 <para>
9a95b9026a16 Upstream: reallocated the "queue" directive.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 1124
diff changeset
417 Задаёт для группы метод балансировки нагрузки, при котором запрос
9a95b9026a16 Upstream: reallocated the "queue" directive.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 1124
diff changeset
418 передаётся серверу с наименьшим числом активных соединений,
9a95b9026a16 Upstream: reallocated the "queue" directive.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 1124
diff changeset
419 с учётом весов серверов.
9a95b9026a16 Upstream: reallocated the "queue" directive.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 1124
diff changeset
420 Если подходит сразу несколько серверов, они выбираются циклически
9a95b9026a16 Upstream: reallocated the "queue" directive.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 1124
diff changeset
421 (в режиме round-robin) с учётом их весов.
9a95b9026a16 Upstream: reallocated the "queue" directive.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 1124
diff changeset
422 </para>
9a95b9026a16 Upstream: reallocated the "queue" directive.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 1124
diff changeset
423
9a95b9026a16 Upstream: reallocated the "queue" directive.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 1124
diff changeset
424 </directive>
9a95b9026a16 Upstream: reallocated the "queue" directive.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 1124
diff changeset
425
9a95b9026a16 Upstream: reallocated the "queue" directive.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 1124
diff changeset
426
1122
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
427 <directive name="queue">
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
428 <syntax>
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
429 <value>число</value>
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
430 [<literal>timeout</literal>=<value>время</value>]</syntax>
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
431 <default/>
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
432 <context>upstream</context>
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
433 <appeared-in>1.5.12</appeared-in>
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
434
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
435 <para>
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
436 Если при обработке запроса невозможно сразу выбрать сервер группы
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
437 и в группе есть серверы, у которых число соединений достигло
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
438 ограничения <link id="max_conns"/>,
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
439 запрос будет помещён в очередь.
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
440 Директива задаёт максимальное число запросов, которые могут одновременно
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
441 находиться в очереди.
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
442 Если очередь переполнена
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
443 или за время, задаваемое параметром <literal>timeout</literal>,
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
444 так и не удастся выбрать сервер для передачи ему запроса,
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
445 клиенту будет возвращена ошибка.
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
446 </para>
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
447
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
448 <para>
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
449 По умолчанию параметр <literal>timeout</literal> равен 60 секундам.
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
450 </para>
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
451
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
452 <para>
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
453 <note>
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
454 Эта директива доступна как часть <commercial_version/>.
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
455 </note>
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
456 </para>
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
457
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
458 </directive>
594093ef96b1 Upstream: documented the "queue" directive.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
parents: 1121
diff changeset
459
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
460 </section>
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
461
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
462
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
463 <section id="variables" name="Встроенные переменные">
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
464
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
465 <para>
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
466 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_upstream_module</literal>
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
467 поддерживает следующие встроенные переменные:
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
468 <list type="tag">
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
469
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
470 <tag-name><var>$upstream_addr</var></tag-name>
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
471 <tag-desc>
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
472 хранит IP-адрес и порт сервера или путь к UNIX-сокету.
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
473 Если при обработке запроса были сделаны обращения к нескольким серверам,
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
474 то их адреса разделяются запятой, например,
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
475 “<literal>192.168.1.1:80, 192.168.1.2:80, unix:/tmp/sock</literal>”.
256
c78b2d6fe261 Use another term for "redirect".
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 222
diff changeset
476 Если произошло внутреннее перенаправление от одной группы серверов на другую
c78b2d6fe261 Use another term for "redirect".
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 222
diff changeset
477 с помощью
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
478 <header>X-Accel-Redirect</header> или
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
479 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="error_page"/>,
966
95c3c3bbf1ce Text review.
Egor Nikitin <yegor.nikitin@gmail.com>
parents: 942
diff changeset
480 то адреса, соответствующие разным группам серверов, разделяются двоеточием,
95c3c3bbf1ce Text review.
Egor Nikitin <yegor.nikitin@gmail.com>
parents: 942
diff changeset
481 например,
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
482 “<literal>192.168.1.1:80, 192.168.1.2:80, unix:/tmp/sock : 192.168.10.1:80, 192.168.10.2:80</literal>”.
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
483 </tag-desc>
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
484
731
f62328124e5b Documented $upstream_cache_status and $upstream_response_length variables.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 654
diff changeset
485 <tag-name><var>$upstream_cache_status</var></tag-name>
f62328124e5b Documented $upstream_cache_status and $upstream_response_length variables.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 654
diff changeset
486 <tag-desc>
f62328124e5b Documented $upstream_cache_status and $upstream_response_length variables.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 654
diff changeset
487 хранит статус доступа к кэшу ответов (0.8.3).
1075
6c021feec587 Removed unjustified non-breakable spaces.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 1016
diff changeset
488 Статус может быть одним из “<literal>MISS</literal>”,
731
f62328124e5b Documented $upstream_cache_status and $upstream_response_length variables.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 654
diff changeset
489 “<literal>BYPASS</literal>”, “<literal>EXPIRED</literal>”,
1016
2d8269d8fea8 Translated documentation on cache revalidation into russian.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 966
diff changeset
490 “<literal>STALE</literal>”, “<literal>UPDATING</literal>”,
2d8269d8fea8 Translated documentation on cache revalidation into russian.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 966
diff changeset
491 “<literal>REVALIDATED</literal>” или “<literal>HIT</literal>”.
731
f62328124e5b Documented $upstream_cache_status and $upstream_response_length variables.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 654
diff changeset
492 </tag-desc>
f62328124e5b Documented $upstream_cache_status and $upstream_response_length variables.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 654
diff changeset
493
f62328124e5b Documented $upstream_cache_status and $upstream_response_length variables.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 654
diff changeset
494 <tag-name><var>$upstream_response_length</var></tag-name>
f62328124e5b Documented $upstream_cache_status and $upstream_response_length variables.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 654
diff changeset
495 <tag-desc>
f62328124e5b Documented $upstream_cache_status and $upstream_response_length variables.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 654
diff changeset
496 хранит длины ответов, полученных от серверов группы (0.7.27);
f62328124e5b Documented $upstream_cache_status and $upstream_response_length variables.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 654
diff changeset
497 длины хранятся в байтах.
966
95c3c3bbf1ce Text review.
Egor Nikitin <yegor.nikitin@gmail.com>
parents: 942
diff changeset
498 Длины нескольких ответов разделяются запятыми и двоеточиями
95c3c3bbf1ce Text review.
Egor Nikitin <yegor.nikitin@gmail.com>
parents: 942
diff changeset
499 подобно адресам в переменной <var>$upstream_addr</var>.
731
f62328124e5b Documented $upstream_cache_status and $upstream_response_length variables.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 654
diff changeset
500 </tag-desc>
f62328124e5b Documented $upstream_cache_status and $upstream_response_length variables.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 654
diff changeset
501
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
502 <tag-name><var>$upstream_response_time</var></tag-name>
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
503 <tag-desc>
731
f62328124e5b Documented $upstream_cache_status and $upstream_response_length variables.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 654
diff changeset
504 хранит времена ответов, полученных от серверов группы;
f62328124e5b Documented $upstream_cache_status and $upstream_response_length variables.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 654
diff changeset
505 времена хранятся в секундах с точностью до миллисекунд.
966
95c3c3bbf1ce Text review.
Egor Nikitin <yegor.nikitin@gmail.com>
parents: 942
diff changeset
506 Времена нескольких ответов разделяются запятыми и двоеточиями
95c3c3bbf1ce Text review.
Egor Nikitin <yegor.nikitin@gmail.com>
parents: 942
diff changeset
507 подобно адресам в переменной <var>$upstream_addr</var>.
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
508 </tag-desc>
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
509
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
510 <tag-name><var>$upstream_status</var></tag-name>
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
511 <tag-desc>
731
f62328124e5b Documented $upstream_cache_status and $upstream_response_length variables.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 654
diff changeset
512 хранит коды ответов, полученных от серверов группы.
966
95c3c3bbf1ce Text review.
Egor Nikitin <yegor.nikitin@gmail.com>
parents: 942
diff changeset
513 Коды нескольких ответов разделяются запятыми и двоеточиями
95c3c3bbf1ce Text review.
Egor Nikitin <yegor.nikitin@gmail.com>
parents: 942
diff changeset
514 подобно адресам в переменной <var>$upstream_addr</var>.
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
515 </tag-desc>
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
516
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
517 <tag-name><var>$upstream_http_...</var></tag-name>
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
518 <tag-desc>
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
519 хранят поля заголовка ответа сервера.
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
520 Например, поле заголовка ответа <header>Server</header>
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
521 доступно в переменной <var>$upstream_http_server</var>.
731
f62328124e5b Documented $upstream_cache_status and $upstream_response_length variables.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 654
diff changeset
522 Правила преобразования имён полей заголовка ответа в имена переменных
f62328124e5b Documented $upstream_cache_status and $upstream_response_length variables.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 654
diff changeset
523 такие же, как для переменных с префиксом
f62328124e5b Documented $upstream_cache_status and $upstream_response_length variables.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
parents: 654
diff changeset
524 “<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="variables">$http_</link>”.
966
95c3c3bbf1ce Text review.
Egor Nikitin <yegor.nikitin@gmail.com>
parents: 942
diff changeset
525 Необходимо иметь в виду, что запоминаются поля заголовка только из ответа
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
526 последнего сервера.
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 280
diff changeset
527 </tag-desc>
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
528
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
529 </list>
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
530 </para>
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
531
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
532 </section>
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
533
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
534 </module>