Mercurial > hg > nginx-site

annotate xml/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.xml @ 292:7bc830cc79bb

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Revision.
author Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
date Wed, 28 Dec 2011 18:59:45 +0000
parents cbb789d3ce5e
children 1fb1c077658b
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
rev   line source
222
bfe3eff81d04 Removed redundant encoding specification.
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
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2
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3 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd">
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4
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5 <module name="Модуль ngx_http_upstream_module"
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6 link="/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.html"
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7 lang="ru">
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8
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9 <section id="summary">
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10
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11 <para>
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12 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_upstream_module</literal>
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13 позволяет описывать группы серверов,
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14 которые могут использоваться в директивах
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15 <link doc="ngx_http_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_pass"/>
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16 и <link doc="ngx_http_fastcgi_module.xml" id="fastcgi_pass"/>.
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17 </para>
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18
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19 </section>
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20
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21
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22 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации">
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23
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24 <para>
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25 <example>
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26 upstream <emphasis>backend</emphasis> {
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27 server backend1.example.com weight=5;
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28 server backend2.example.com:8080;
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29 server unix:/tmp/backend3;
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30
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31 server backup1.example.com:8080 backup;
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32 server backup2.example.com:8080 backup;
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33 }
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34
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35 server {
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36 location / {
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37 proxy_pass http://<emphasis>backend</emphasis>;
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38 }
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39 }
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40 </example>
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41 </para>
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42
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43 </section>
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44
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45
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46 <section id="directives" name="Директивы">
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47
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48 <directive name="ip_hash">
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49 <syntax/>
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50 <default/>
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51 <context>upstream</context>
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52
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53 <para>
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54 Задаёт для группы метод распределения запросов по серверам
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55 на основе IP-адресов клиентов.
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56 В качестве ключа для хэширования используется сеть класса C,
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57 в которой находится адрес клиента.
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58 Метод гарантирует, что запросы одного и того же клиента
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59 будут всегда передаваться на один и тот же сервер.
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60 Если же этот сервер будет считаться неработающим,
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61 то запросы этого клиента будут передаваться на другой сервер.
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62 С большой долей вероятности это также будет один и тот же сервер.
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63 </para>
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64
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65 <para>
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66 Для серверов, использующих метод распределения <literal>ip_hash</literal>,
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67 нельзя задать вес.
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68 Если один из серверов нужно убрать на некоторое время, то для сохранения
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69 текущего хэширования IP-адресов клиентов этот сервер нужно пометить
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70 параметром <literal>down</literal>.
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71 </para>
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72
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73 <para>
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74 Пример:
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75 <example>
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76 upstream backend {
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77 ip_hash;
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78
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79 server backend1.example.com;
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80 server backend2.example.com;
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81 server backend3.example.com <emphasis>down</emphasis>;
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82 server backend4.example.com;
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83 }
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84 </example>
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85 </para>
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86
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87 </directive>
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88
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89
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90 <directive name="server">
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91 <syntax><value>название</value> [<value>параметры</value>]</syntax>
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92 <default/>
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93 <context>upstream</context>
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94
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95 <para>
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96 Задаёт <value>имя</value> и другие <value>параметры</value> сервера.
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97 В качестве имени можно использовать доменное имя, адрес, порт или путь
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98 UNIX-сокета.
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99 Если доменному имени соответствует несколько адресов, то все они используются.
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100 <list type="tag">
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101
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102 <tag-name><literal>weight</literal>=<value>число</value></tag-name>
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103 <tag-desc>
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104 задаёт вес сервера, по умолчанию 1.
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105 </tag-desc>
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106
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107 <tag-name><literal>max_fails</literal>=<value>число</value></tag-name>
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108 <tag-desc>
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109 задаёт число неудачных попыток работы с сервером
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110 в течение времени, заданного параметром <literal>fail_timeout</literal>,
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111 после которого он считается неработающим, также в течение времени
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112 заданного параметром <literal>fail_timeout</literal>.
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113 По умолчанию число попыток устанавливается равным 1.
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114 Нулевое значение запрещает учёт попыток.
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115 Что считается неудачной попыткой, задаётся директивами
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116 <link doc="ngx_http_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_next_upstream"/>
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117 и <link doc="ngx_http_fastcgi_module.xml" id="fastcgi_next_upstream"/>.
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118 Состояние <literal>http_404</literal>
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119 не считается неудачной попыткой.
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120 </tag-desc>
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121
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122 <tag-name><literal>fail_timeout</literal>=<value>время</value></tag-name>
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123 <tag-desc>
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124 задаёт
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125 <list type="bullet">
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126
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127 <listitem>
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128 время, в течение которого должно произойти заданное число неудачных
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129 попыток работы с сервером для того, чтобы сервер считался неработающим;
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130 </listitem>
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131
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132 <listitem>
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133 и время, в течение которого сервер будет считаться неработающим.
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134 </listitem>
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135
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136 </list>
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137 По умолчанию таймаут равен 10 секундам.
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138 </tag-desc>
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139
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140 <tag-name><literal>backup</literal></tag-name>
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141 <tag-desc>
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142 помечает сервер как запасной сервер.
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143 На него будут передаваться запросы в случае, если не работают основные серверы.
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144 </tag-desc>
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145
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146 <tag-name><literal>down</literal></tag-name>
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147 <tag-desc>
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148 помечает сервер как постоянно неработающий; используется
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149 совместно с директивой <link id="ip_hash"/>.
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150 </tag-desc>
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151
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152 </list>
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153 </para>
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154
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155 <para>
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156 Пример:
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157 <example>
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158 upstream backend {
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159 server backend1.example.com weight=5;
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160 server 127.0.0.1:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
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161 server unix:/tmp/backend3;
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162
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163 server backup1.example.com:8080 backup;
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164 }
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165 </example>
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166 </para>
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167
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168 </directive>
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169
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170
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171 <directive name="upstream">
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172 <syntax block="yes"><value>название</value></syntax>
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173 <default/>
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174 <context>http</context>
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175
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176 <para>
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177 Описывает группу серверов.
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178 Серверы могут слушать на разных портах.
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179 Кроме того, можно одновременно использовать серверы,
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180 слушающие на TCP- и UNIX-сокетах.
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181 </para>
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182
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183 <para>
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184 Пример:
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185 <example>
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186 upstream backend {
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187 server backend1.example.com weight=5;
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188 server 127.0.0.1:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
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189 server unix:/tmp/backend3;
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190 }
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191 </example>
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192 </para>
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193
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194 <para>
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195 Запросы распределяются по серверам циклически (в режиме round-robin)
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196 с учётом весов серверов.
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197 В вышеприведённом примере каждые 7 запросов будут распределены так:
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198 5 запросов на <literal>backend1.example.com</literal>
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199 и по одному запросу на второй и третий серверы.
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200 Если при попытке работы с сервером произошла ошибка, то запрос будет
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201 передан следующему серверу, и так до тех пор, пока не будут опробованы
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202 все работающие серверы.
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203 Если не удастся получить успешный ответ
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204 ни от одного из серверов, то клиенту будет возвращён результат работы
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205 с последним сервером.
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206 </para>
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207
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208 </directive>
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209
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210 </section>
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211
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212
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213 <section id="variables" name="Встроенные переменные">
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214
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215 <para>
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216 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_upstream_module</literal>
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217 поддерживает следующие встроенные переменные:
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218 <list type="tag">
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219
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220 <tag-name><var>$upstream_addr</var></tag-name>
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221 <tag-desc>
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222 хранит IP-адрес и порт сервера или путь к UNIX-сокету.
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223 Если при обработке запроса были сделаны обращения к нескольким серверам,
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224 то их адреса разделяются запятой, например,
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225 “<literal>192.168.1.1:80, 192.168.1.2:80, unix:/tmp/sock</literal>”.
256
c78b2d6fe261 Use another term for "redirect".
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226 Если произошло внутреннее перенаправление от одной группы серверов на другую
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227 с помощью
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228 <header>X-Accel-Redirect</header> или
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229 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="error_page"/>,
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230 то эти группы серверов разделяются двоеточием, например,
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231 “<literal>192.168.1.1:80, 192.168.1.2:80, unix:/tmp/sock : 192.168.10.1:80, 192.168.10.2:80</literal>”.
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232 </tag-desc>
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233
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234 <tag-name><var>$upstream_response_time</var></tag-name>
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235 <tag-desc>
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236 хранит времена ответов серверов в секундах с точностью до миллисекунд.
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237 Несколько ответов также разделяются запятыми и двоеточиями.
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238 </tag-desc>
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239
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240 <tag-name><var>$upstream_status</var></tag-name>
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241 <tag-desc>
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242 хранит коды ответов серверов.
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243 Несколько ответов также разделяются запятыми и двоеточиями.
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244 </tag-desc>
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245
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246 <tag-name><var>$upstream_http_...</var></tag-name>
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247 <tag-desc>
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248 хранят поля заголовка ответа сервера.
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249 Например, поле заголовка ответа <header>Server</header>
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250 доступно в переменной <var>$upstream_http_server</var>.
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251 Необходимо иметь в виду, что запоминаются только поля заголовка ответа
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252 последнего сервера.
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253 </tag-desc>
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254
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255 </list>
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256 </para>
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257
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258 </section>
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259
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260 </module>