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annotate xml/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_mp4_module.xml @ 2796:bcdb13e1e8c6

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Minor updates to ngx_http_mp4_module module intro.
author Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
date Fri, 12 Nov 2021 20:16:05 +0000
parents 1594ed379f1f
children 17ed19394953
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
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2
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3 <!--
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4 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc.
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5 -->
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6
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7 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd">
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8
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9 <module name="Модуль ngx_http_mp4_module"
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10 link="/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_mp4_module.html"
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11 lang="ru"
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12 rev="8">
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13
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14 <section id="summary">
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15
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16 <para>
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17 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_mp4_module</literal> обеспечивает серверную поддержку
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18 псевдо-стриминга для файлов в формате MP4.
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19 Такие файлы обычно имеют расширения
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20 <path>.mp4</path>, <path>.m4v</path> и <path>.m4a</path>.
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21 </para>
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23 <para>
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24 Псевдо-стриминг работает в паре с совместимым медиаплеером.
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25 Плеер посылает серверу HTTP-запрос с указанием точки времени старта
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26 в аргументе
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27 <literal>start</literal>
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28 строки запроса (время задаётся в секундах), а сервер в
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29 ответ посылает поток, у которого начальная позиция соответствует
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30 запрошенному времени, например:
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31 <example>
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32 http://example.com/elephants_dream.mp4?start=238.88
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33 </example>
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34 Это позволяет в любой момент времени выполнить произвольное
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35 позиционирование, а также начать воспроизведение с середины
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36 временной шкалы.
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37 </para>
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38
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39 <para>
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40 В форматах, основанных на H.264, метаданные, необходимые для поддержки
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41 позиционирования, хранятся в так называемом “moov-атоме”.
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42 Это часть файла, которая содержит индексную информацию для всего файла.
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43 </para>
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44
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45 <para>
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46 До начала воспроизведения плееру необходимо прочитать метаданные.
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47 Для этого он отсылает специальный запрос с аргументом
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48 <literal>start=0</literal>.
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49 Многие кодирующие программы добавляют метаданные в конец файла.
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50 Это неоптимально для псевдо-стриминга, поскольку плееру
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51 потребуется загрузить файл целиком прежде чем начать воспроизведение.
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52 Если метаданные находятся в начале файла,
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53 nginx’у достаточно начать отправлять в ответ содержимое файла.
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54 Если же метаданные находятся в конце файла,
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55 потребуется прочитать весь
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56 файл и подготовить новый поток, в котором метаданные предшествуют
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57 медийным данным.
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58 Это требует дополнительного процессорного
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59 времени, памяти и дискового ввода/вывода, поэтому лучше
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60 заранее <link
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61 url="https://github.com/flowplayer/flowplayer/wiki/7.1.1-video-file-correction">
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62 подготовить исходный файл для псевдо-стриминга</link>,
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63 нежели делать это для каждого запроса.
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64 </para>
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65
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66 <para>
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67 Модуль также поддерживает аргумент <literal>end</literal> HTTP-запроса
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68 (1.5.13), задающий время окончания воспроизведения потока.
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69 Аргумент <literal>end</literal> задаётся совместно с
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70 аргументом <literal>start</literal>
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71 или самостоятельно:
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72 <example>
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73 http://example.com/elephants_dream.mp4?start=238.88&amp;end=555.55
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74 </example>
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75 </para>
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76
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77 <para>
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78 Для запроса с ненулевыми аргументами
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79 <literal>start</literal> или <literal>end</literal>
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80 nginx считывает из файла метаданные, готовит поток с запрошенным
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81 диапазоном и отправляет его клиенту.
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82 Это тоже требует дополнительных ресурсов, как указано выше.
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83 </para>
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84
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85 <para>
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86 Если запрос, обрабатываемый этим модулем, не содержит аргументов
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87 <literal>start</literal> и <literal>end</literal>,
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88 дополнительные ресурсы не тратятся, а файл отсылается непосредственно как
87
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89 статический ресурс.
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90 Некоторые плееры также поддерживают запросы с указанием диапазона
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91 запрашиваемых байт (byte-range requests), для них этот модуль не требуется.
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92 </para>
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93
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94 <para>
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95 По умолчанию этот модуль не собирается, его сборку необходимо
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96 разрешить с помощью конфигурационного параметра
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97 <literal>--with-http_mp4_module</literal>.
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98 <note>
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99 Если ранее использовался сторонний модуль mp4, следует его отключить.
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100 </note>
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101 </para>
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102
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103 <para>
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104 Схожая поддержка псевдо-стриминга для FLV-файлов обеспечивается модулем
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105 <link doc="ngx_http_flv_module.xml">ngx_http_flv_module</link>.
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106 </para>
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107
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108 </section>
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109
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110
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111 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации">
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112
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113 <para>
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114 <example>
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115 location /video/ {
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116 mp4;
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117 mp4_buffer_size 1m;
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118 mp4_max_buffer_size 5m;
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119 }
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120 </example>
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121 </para>
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122
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123 </section>
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124
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125
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126 <section id="directives" name="Директивы">
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127
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128 <directive name="mp4">
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129 <syntax/>
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130 <default/>
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131 <context>location</context>
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132
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133 <para>
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134 Включает в содержащем location обработку этим модулем.
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135 </para>
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136
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137 </directive>
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138
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139
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140 <directive name="mp4_buffer_size">
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141 <syntax><value>размер</value></syntax>
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142 <default>512K</default>
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143 <context>http</context>
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144 <context>server</context>
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145 <context>location</context>
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146
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147 <para>
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148 Задаёт начальный размер буфера, используемого при обработке MP4-файлов.
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149 </para>
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150
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151 </directive>
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152
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153
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154 <directive name="mp4_max_buffer_size">
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155 <syntax><value>размер</value></syntax>
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156 <default>10M</default>
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157 <context>http</context>
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158 <context>server</context>
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159 <context>location</context>
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160
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161 <para>
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162 В ходе обработки метаданных может понадобиться буфер большего размера.
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163 Его размер не может превышать указанного,
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164 иначе nginx вернёт серверную ошибку
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165 <http-status code="500" text="Internal Server Error"/>
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166 и запишет в лог следующее сообщение:
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167 <example>
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168 "/some/movie/file.mp4" mp4 moov atom is too large:
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169 12583268, you may want to increase mp4_max_buffer_size
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170 </example>
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171 </para>
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172
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173 </directive>
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174
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175
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176 <directive name="mp4_limit_rate">
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177 <syntax>
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178 <literal>on</literal> |
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179 <literal>off</literal> |
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180 <value>множитель</value></syntax>
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181 <default>off</default>
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182 <context>http</context>
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183 <context>server</context>
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184 <context>location</context>
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185
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186 <para>
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187 Ограничивает скорость передачи ответа клиенту.
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188 Ограничение основывается на значении усреднённого битрейта запрашиваемого
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189 MP4-файла.
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190 Скорость вычисляется умножением битрейта на задаваемый
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191 <value>множитель</value>.
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192 Специальное значение “<literal>on</literal>” соответствует множителю 1.1.
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193 Специальное значение “<literal>off</literal>” отключает ограничение скорости.
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194 Ограничение устанавливается на запрос, поэтому, если клиент одновременно
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195 откроет два соединения, суммарная скорость будет вдвое выше
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196 заданного ограничения.
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197 </para>
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198
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199 <para>
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200 <note>
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201 Директива доступна как часть
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202 <commercial_version>коммерческой подписки</commercial_version>.
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203 </note>
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204 </para>
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205
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206 </directive>
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207
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208
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209 <directive name="mp4_limit_rate_after">
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210 <syntax><value>время</value></syntax>
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211 <default>60s</default>
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212 <context>http</context>
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213 <context>server</context>
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214 <context>location</context>
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215
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216 <para>
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217 Задаёт начальный объём медиаданных (измеряется как время воспроизведения),
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218 после отправки которого начинает ограничиваться
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219 скорость передачи ответа клиенту.
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220 </para>
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221
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222 <para>
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223 <note>
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224 Директива доступна как часть
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225 <commercial_version>коммерческой подписки</commercial_version>.
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226 </note>
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227 </para>
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228
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229 </directive>
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230
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231 </section>
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232
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233 </module>