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annotate xml/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_mp4_module.xml @ 1104:028f6a4d8046

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Corrected punctuation, grammar, style, rephrased some sentences.
author Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
date Tue, 04 Mar 2014 13:02:21 +0000
parents 1fcf8c840dbe
children eb3713019359
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f5539fb36bbb Russian translation of ngx_http_mp4_module.
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
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2
580
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3 <!--
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4 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc.
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5 -->
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6
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7 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd">
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8
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9 <module name="Модуль ngx_http_mp4_module"
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10 link="/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_mp4_module.html"
589
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11 lang="ru"
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12 rev="4">
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13
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14 <section id="summary">
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15
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16 <para>
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17 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_mp4_module</literal> обеспечивает серверную поддержку
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18 псевдо-стриминга для файлов в формате H.264/AAC.
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19 Такие файлы обычно имеют расширения
148
682163f2b298 Unified article/path and module/pathname into a single "path".
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20 <path>.mp4</path>, <path>.m4v</path> и <path>.m4a</path>.
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21 </para>
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22
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23 <para>
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24 Псевдо-стриминг работает в паре с совместимым Flash-плеером.
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25 Плеер посылает серверу HTTP-запрос с указанием точки времени старта
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26 в аргументе
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27 <literal>start</literal>
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28 строки запроса (время задаётся в секундах), а сервер в
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29 ответ посылает поток, у которого начальная позиция соответствует
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30 запрошенному времени, например:
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31 <example>
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32 http://example.com/elephants_dream.mp4?start=238.88
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33 </example>
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34 Это позволяет в любой момент времени выполнить произвольное
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35 позиционирование, а также начать воспроизведение с середины
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36 временной шкалы.
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37 </para>
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38
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39 <para>
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40 В форматах, основанных на H.264, метаданные, необходимые для поддержки
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41 позиционирования, хранятся в так называемом “moov-атоме”.
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42 Это часть файла, которая содержит индексную информацию для всего файла.
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43 </para>
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44
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45 <para>
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46 До начала воспроизведения плееру необходимо прочитать метаданные.
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47 Для этого он отсылает специальный запрос с аргументом
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48 <literal>start=0</literal>.
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49 Многие кодирующие программы добавляют метаданные в конец файла.
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50 Это неоптимально для псевдо-стриминга, поскольку плееру
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51 потребуется загрузить файл целиком прежде чем начать воспроизведение.
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52 Если метаданные находятся в начале файла,
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53 nginx’у достаточно начать отправлять в ответ содержимое файла.
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54 Если же метаданные находятся в конце файла,
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55 потребуется прочитать весь
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56 файл и подготовить новый поток, в котором метаданные предшествуют
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57 медийным данным.
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58 Это требует дополнительного процессорного
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59 времени, памяти и дискового ввода/вывода, поэтому лучше
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60 заранее <link
87
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61 url="http://flowplayer.org/plugins/streaming/pseudostreaming.html#prepare">
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62 подготовить исходный файл для псевдо-стриминга</link>,
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63 нежели делать это для каждого запроса.
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64 </para>
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65
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66 <para>
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67 Для запроса с ненулевым аргументом
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68 <literal>start</literal>
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69 nginx считывает из файла метаданные, готовит поток с запрошенного
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70 смещения и отправляет его клиенту.
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71 Это тоже требует дополнительных ресурсов, как указано выше.
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72 </para>
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73
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74 <para>
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75 Если запрос, обрабатываемый этим модулем, не содержит аргумента
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76 <literal>start</literal>,
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77 дополнительные ресурсы не тратятся, а файл отсылается непосредственно как
87
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78 статический ресурс.
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79 Некоторые плееры также поддерживают запросы с указанием диапазона
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80 запрашиваемых байт (byte-range requests), для них этот модуль не требуется.
87
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81 </para>
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82
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83 <para>
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84 По умолчанию этот модуль не собирается, его сборку необходимо
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85 разрешить с помощью конфигурационного параметра
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86 <literal>--with-http_mp4_module</literal>.
87
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87 <note>
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77a3314c74a7 Avoid the uses of second person.
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88 Если ранее использовался сторонний модуль mp4, следует его отключить.
87
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89 </note>
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90 </para>
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91
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92 <para>
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93 Схожая поддержка псевдо-стриминга для FLV-файлов обеспечивается модулем
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94 <link doc="ngx_http_flv_module.xml">ngx_http_flv_module</link>.
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95 </para>
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96
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97 </section>
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98
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99
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100 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации">
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101
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102 <para>
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103 <example>
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104 location /video/ {
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105 mp4;
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106 mp4_buffer_size 1m;
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107 mp4_max_buffer_size 5m;
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108 }
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109 </example>
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110 </para>
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111
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112 </section>
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113
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114
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115 <section id="directives" name="Директивы">
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116
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117 <directive name="mp4">
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118 <syntax/>
87
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119 <default/>
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120 <context>location</context>
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121
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122 <para>
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123 Включает в содержащем location обработку этим модулем.
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124 </para>
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125
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126 </directive>
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127
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128
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129 <directive name="mp4_buffer_size">
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130 <syntax><value>размер</value></syntax>
102
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131 <default>512K</default>
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132 <context>http</context>
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133 <context>server</context>
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134 <context>location</context>
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135
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136 <para>
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137 Задаёт начальный размер буфера памяти, используемого при обработке MP4-файлов.
87
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138 </para>
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139
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140 </directive>
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141
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142
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143 <directive name="mp4_max_buffer_size">
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144 <syntax><value>размер</value></syntax>
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145 <default>10M</default>
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146 <context>http</context>
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147 <context>server</context>
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148 <context>location</context>
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149
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150 <para>
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151 В ходе обработки метаданных может понадобиться буфер большего размера.
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152 Его размер не может превышать указанного,
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153 иначе nginx вернёт серверную ошибку
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154 <http-status code="500" text="Internal Server Error"/>
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155 и запишет в лог следующее сообщение:
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156 <example>
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157 "/some/movie/file.mp4" mp4 moov atom is too large:
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158 12583268, you may want to increase mp4_max_buffer_size
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159 </example>
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160 </para>
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161
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162 </directive>
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163
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164
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165 <directive name="mp4_limit_rate">
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166 <syntax>
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167 <literal>on</literal> |
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168 <literal>off</literal> |
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169 <value>множитель</value></syntax>
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170 <default>off</default>
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171 <context>http</context>
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172 <context>server</context>
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173 <context>location</context>
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174
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175 <para>
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176 Ограничивает скорость передачи ответа клиенту.
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177 Ограничение основывается на значении усреднённого битрейта запрашиваемого
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178 MP4-файла.
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179 Скорость вычисляется умножением битрейта на задаваемый
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180 <value>множитель</value>.
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181 Специальное значение “<literal>on</literal>” соответствует множителю 1.1.
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182 Специальное значение “<literal>off</literal>” отключает ограничение скорости.
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183 Ограничение устанавливается на запрос, поэтому, если клиент одновременно
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184 откроет два соединения, суммарная скорость будет вдвое выше
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185 заданного ограничения.
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186 </para>
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187
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188 <para>
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189 <note>
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190 Директива доступна как часть <commercial_version/>.
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191 </note>
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192 </para>
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193
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194 </directive>
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195
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196
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197 <directive name="mp4_limit_rate_after">
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198 <syntax><value>время</value></syntax>
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199 <default>60s</default>
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200 <context>http</context>
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201 <context>server</context>
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202 <context>location</context>
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203
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204 <para>
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205 Задаёт начальный объём медиаданных (измеряется как время воспроизведения),
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206 после отправки которого начинает ограничиваться
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207 скорость передачи ответа клиенту.
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208 </para>
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209
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210 <para>
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211 <note>
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212 Директива доступна как часть <commercial_version/>.
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213 </note>
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214 </para>
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215
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216 </directive>
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217
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218 </section>
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219
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220 </module>