Mercurial > hg > nginx-site
annotate xml/ru/linux_packages.xml @ 1615:a1531068d436
nginx-1.9.8
author | Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru> |
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date | Tue, 08 Dec 2015 18:40:31 +0300 |
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1 <!-- |
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2 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc. |
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3 --> |
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4 |
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5 <!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "../../dtd/article.dtd"> |
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6 |
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7 <article name="nginx: пакеты для Linux" |
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8 link="/ru/linux_packages.html" |
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9 lang="ru" |
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10 rev="13" |
882
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11 toc="no"> |
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12 |
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13 <section id="distributions"> |
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14 |
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15 <para> |
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16 В данный момент доступны готовые пакеты для следующих дистрибутивов и их |
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17 версий: |
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18 </para> |
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19 |
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20 <para> |
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21 RHEL/CentOS: |
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22 |
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23 <table note="yes"> |
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24 |
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25 <tr> |
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26 <td width="20%">Версия</td> |
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27 <td>Поддерживаемые платформы</td> |
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28 </tr> |
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29 |
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30 <tr> |
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31 <td width="20%">5.x</td> |
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32 <td>x86_64, i386</td> |
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33 </tr> |
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34 |
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35 <tr> |
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36 <td width="20%">6.x</td> |
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37 <td>x86_64, i386</td> |
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38 </tr> |
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39 |
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40 <tr> |
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41 <td width="20%">7.x</td> |
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42 <td>x86_64</td> |
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43 </tr> |
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44 |
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45 </table> |
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46 </para> |
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47 |
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48 <para> |
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49 Debian: |
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50 |
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51 <table note="yes"> |
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52 |
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53 <tr> |
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54 <td width="20%">Версия</td> |
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55 <td width="20%">Кодовое имя</td> |
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56 <td>Поддерживаемые платформы</td> |
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57 </tr> |
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58 |
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59 <tr> |
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60 <td width="20%">7.x</td> |
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61 <td width="20%">wheezy</td> |
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62 <td>x86_64, i386</td> |
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63 </tr> |
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64 |
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65 <tr> |
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66 <td width="20%">8.x</td> |
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67 <td width="20%">jessie</td> |
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68 <td>x86_64, i386</td> |
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69 </tr> |
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70 |
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71 </table> |
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72 </para> |
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73 |
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74 <para> |
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75 Ubuntu: |
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76 |
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77 <table note="yes"> |
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78 |
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79 <tr> |
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80 <td width="20%">версия</td> |
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81 <td width="20%">Кодовое имя</td> |
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82 <td>Поддерживаемые платформы</td> |
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83 </tr> |
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84 |
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85 <tr> |
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86 <td width="20%">12.04</td> |
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87 <td width="20%">precise</td> |
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88 <td>x86_64, i386</td> |
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89 </tr> |
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90 |
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91 <tr> |
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92 <td width="20%">14.04</td> |
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93 <td width="20%">trusty</td> |
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94 <td>x86_64, i386, aarch64/arm64</td> |
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95 </tr> |
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96 |
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97 <tr> |
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98 <td width="20%">15.04</td> |
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99 <td width="20%">vivid</td> |
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100 <td>x86_64, i386</td> |
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101 </tr> |
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102 |
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103 <tr> |
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104 <td width="20%">15.10</td> |
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105 <td width="20%">wily</td> |
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106 <td>x86_64, i386</td> |
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107 </tr> |
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108 |
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109 </table> |
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110 </para> |
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111 |
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112 <para> |
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113 SLES: |
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114 |
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115 <table note="yes"> |
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116 <tr> |
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117 <td width="20%">Версия</td> |
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118 <td>Поддерживаемые платформы</td> |
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119 </tr> |
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120 |
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121 <tr> |
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122 <td width="20%">12</td> |
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123 <td>x86_64</td> |
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124 </tr> |
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125 |
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126 </table> |
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127 </para> |
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128 |
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129 <para> |
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130 Чтобы включить автоматическое обновление пакетов для Linux, |
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131 настройте репозиторий yum для дистрибутивов RHEL/CentOS, |
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132 репозиторий apt для дистрибутивов Debian/Ubuntu, |
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133 или репозиторий zypper для SLES. |
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134 </para> |
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135 |
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136 </section> |
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137 |
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138 |
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139 <section name="Готовые пакеты стабильной версии" id="stable"> |
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140 |
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141 <para> |
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142 Для настройки репозитория yum для RHEL/CentOS выберите из списка |
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143 соответствующий пакет <literal>nginx-release</literal>: |
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144 |
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145 <list type="bullet"> |
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146 |
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147 <listitem> |
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148 <link url="http://nginx.org/packages/rhel/5/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-rhel-5-0.el5.ngx.noarch.rpm">RHEL 5</link> |
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149 </listitem> |
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150 |
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151 <listitem> |
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152 <link url="http://nginx.org/packages/rhel/6/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-rhel-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm">RHEL 6</link> |
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153 </listitem> |
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154 |
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155 <listitem> |
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156 <link url="http://nginx.org/packages/rhel/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-rhel-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm">RHEL 7</link> |
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157 </listitem> |
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158 |
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159 <listitem> |
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160 <link url="http://nginx.org/packages/centos/5/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-5-0.el5.ngx.noarch.rpm">CentOS 5</link> |
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161 </listitem> |
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162 |
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163 <listitem> |
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164 <link url="http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm">CentOS 6</link> |
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165 </listitem> |
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166 |
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167 <listitem> |
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168 <link url="http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm">CentOS 7</link> |
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169 </listitem> |
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170 |
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171 </list> |
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172 |
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173 Пакет содержит конфигурационный файл для yum и публичный PGP-ключ, |
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174 необходимый для проверки подлинности подписи RPM-пакетов. |
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175 Загрузите и установите его, затем выполните команду: |
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176 <programlisting> |
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177 yum install nginx |
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178 </programlisting> |
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179 |
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180 Кроме того, конфигурацию репозитория можно добавить вручную |
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181 без установки пакета <literal>nginx-release</literal>. |
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182 Создайте файл с именем <path>/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo</path> |
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183 и таким содержимым: |
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184 |
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185 <programlisting> |
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186 [nginx] |
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187 name=nginx repo |
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188 baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/OS/OSRELEASE/$basearch/ |
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189 gpgcheck=0 |
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190 enabled=1 |
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191 </programlisting> |
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192 |
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193 Замените “<literal>OS</literal>” на “<literal>rhel</literal>” или |
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194 “<literal>centos</literal>”, |
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195 в зависимости от используемого дистрибутива, а “<literal>OSRELEASE</literal>” |
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196 на “<literal>5</literal>”, “<literal>6</literal>” или “<literal>7</literal>”, |
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197 для, соответственно, 5.x, 6.x или 7.x версий. |
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198 </para> |
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199 |
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200 <para> |
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201 Для Debian/Ubuntu, для проверки подлинности подписи репозитория nginx, |
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202 и чтобы избавиться от предупреждений об отсутствующем PGP-ключе во время |
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203 установки пакета nginx, необходимо добавить ключ, которым были подписаны |
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204 пакеты и репозиторий nginx, в связку ключей программы <command>apt</command>. |
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205 Загрузите <link url="http://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key">этот |
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206 ключ</link> с нашего веб-сайта и добавьте его в связку ключей программы |
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207 <command>apt</command>, выполнив команду: |
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208 <programlisting> |
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209 sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key |
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210 </programlisting> |
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211 </para> |
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212 |
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213 <para> |
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214 Для Debian замените <i>codename</i> на |
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215 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива, |
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216 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path> |
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217 следующее: |
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218 |
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219 <programlisting> |
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220 deb http://nginx.org/packages/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx |
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221 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx |
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222 </programlisting> |
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223 </para> |
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224 |
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225 <para> |
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226 Для Ubuntu замените <i>codename</i> на |
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227 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива, |
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228 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path> |
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229 следующее: |
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230 |
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231 <programlisting> |
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232 deb http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx |
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233 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx |
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234 </programlisting> |
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235 </para> |
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236 |
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237 <para> |
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238 Для Debian/Ubuntu затем выполните команды: |
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239 <programlisting> |
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240 apt-get update |
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241 apt-get install nginx |
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242 </programlisting> |
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243 </para> |
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244 |
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245 <para> |
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246 Для SLES выполните команду: |
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247 <programlisting> |
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248 zypper addrepo -G -t yum -c 'http://nginx.org/packages/sles/12' nginx |
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249 </programlisting> |
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250 </para> |
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251 |
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252 </section> |
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253 |
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254 |
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255 <section name="Готовые пакеты mainline-версии" id="mainline"> |
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256 |
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257 <para> |
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258 Для настройки репозитория yum для RHEL/CentOS необходимо |
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259 создать файл с именем <path>/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo</path> |
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260 и таким содержимым: |
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261 |
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262 <programlisting> |
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263 [nginx] |
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264 name=nginx repo |
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265 baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/OS/OSRELEASE/$basearch/ |
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266 gpgcheck=0 |
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267 enabled=1 |
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268 </programlisting> |
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269 |
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270 Замените “<literal>OS</literal>” на “<literal>rhel</literal>” или |
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271 “<literal>centos</literal>”, |
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272 в зависимости от используемого дистрибутива, а “<literal>OSRELEASE</literal>” |
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273 на “<literal>5</literal>”, “<literal>6</literal>” или “<literal>7</literal>”, |
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274 для, соответственно, 5.x, 6.x или 7.x версий. |
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275 </para> |
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276 |
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277 <para> |
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278 Для Debian/Ubuntu, для проверки подлинности подписи репозитория nginx, |
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279 и чтобы избавиться от предупреждений об отсутствующем PGP-ключе во время |
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280 установки пакета nginx, необходимо добавить ключ, которым были подписаны |
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281 пакеты и репозиторий nginx, в связку ключей программы <command>apt</command>. |
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282 Загрузите <link url="http://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key">этот |
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283 ключ</link> с нашего веб-сайта и добавьте его в связку ключей программы |
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284 <command>apt</command>, выполнив команду: |
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285 <programlisting> |
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286 sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key |
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287 </programlisting> |
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288 </para> |
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289 |
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290 <para> |
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291 Для Debian замените <i>codename</i> на |
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292 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива, |
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293 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path> |
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294 следующее: |
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295 |
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296 <programlisting> |
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297 deb http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx |
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298 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx |
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299 </programlisting> |
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300 </para> |
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301 |
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302 <para> |
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303 Для Ubuntu замените <i>codename</i> на |
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304 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива, |
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305 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path> |
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306 следующее: |
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307 |
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308 <programlisting> |
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309 deb http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx |
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310 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx |
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311 </programlisting> |
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312 </para> |
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313 |
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314 <para> |
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315 Для Debian/Ubuntu затем выполните команды: |
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316 <programlisting> |
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317 apt-get update |
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318 apt-get install nginx |
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319 </programlisting> |
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320 </para> |
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321 |
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322 <para> |
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323 Для SLES выполните команду: |
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324 <programlisting> |
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325 zypper addrepo -G -t yum -c 'http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/sles/12' nginx |
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326 </programlisting> |
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327 </para> |
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328 |
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329 </section> |
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330 |
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331 |
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332 <section name="Аргументы configure" id="arguments"> |
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333 |
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334 <para> |
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335 Общие аргументы configure для nginx из пакетов стабильной версии: |
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336 <programlisting> |
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337 --prefix=/etc/nginx |
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338 --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx |
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339 --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf |
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340 --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log |
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341 --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log |
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342 --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid |
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343 --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock |
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344 --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp |
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345 --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp |
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346 --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp |
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347 --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp |
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348 --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp |
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349 --user=nginx |
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350 --group=nginx |
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351 --with-http_ssl_module |
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352 --with-http_realip_module |
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353 --with-http_addition_module |
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354 --with-http_sub_module |
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355 --with-http_dav_module |
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356 --with-http_flv_module |
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357 --with-http_mp4_module |
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358 --with-http_gunzip_module |
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359 --with-http_gzip_static_module |
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360 --with-http_random_index_module |
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361 --with-http_secure_link_module |
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362 --with-http_stub_status_module |
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363 --with-http_auth_request_module |
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364 --with-mail |
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365 --with-mail_ssl_module |
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366 --with-file-aio |
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367 --with-http_spdy_module |
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368 --with-ipv6 |
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369 </programlisting> |
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370 </para> |
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371 |
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372 <para> |
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373 Пакеты для mainline-версии добавляют к списку: |
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374 <programlisting> |
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375 --with-threads |
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376 --with-stream |
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377 --with-stream_ssl_module |
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378 </programlisting> |
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379 кроме того |
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380 <programlisting> |
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381 --with-http_spdy_module |
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382 </programlisting> |
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383 заменен на |
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384 <programlisting> |
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385 --with-http_v2_module |
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386 </programlisting> |
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387 </para> |
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388 |
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389 <para> |
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390 Для того чтобы избежать увеличения числа зависимостей, пакеты не включают |
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391 модули, которым требуются дополнительные библиотеки. |
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392 </para> |
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393 |
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394 </section> |
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395 |
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396 |
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397 <section name="Подписи" id="signatures"> |
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398 |
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399 <para> |
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400 Для проверки целостности и происхождения загруженного пакета |
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401 и в случае RPM, и в случае репозиториев Debian/Ubuntu используется |
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402 цифровая подпись. |
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403 Для проверки подписи необходимо загрузить |
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404 <link url="http://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key">этот ключ</link> |
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405 и импортировать его в связку ключей программы <command>rpm</command> |
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406 или <command>apt</command>: |
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407 |
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408 <list type="bullet"> |
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409 |
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410 <listitem> |
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411 Для Debian/Ubuntu: |
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412 <programlisting>sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key</programlisting> |
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413 </listitem> |
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414 |
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415 <listitem> |
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416 Для RHEL/CentOS: |
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417 <programlisting>sudo rpm --import nginx_signing.key</programlisting> |
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418 </listitem> |
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419 |
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420 <listitem> |
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421 Для SLES: |
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422 <programlisting>sudo rpm --import nginx_signing.key</programlisting> |
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423 </listitem> |
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424 |
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425 </list> |
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426 </para> |
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427 |
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428 <para> |
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429 В Debian/Ubuntu/SLES подпись проверяется по умолчанию, однако |
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430 в RHEL/CentOS необходимо добавить |
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431 <programlisting>gpgcheck=1</programlisting> в файл |
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432 <path>/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo</path>. |
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433 </para> |
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434 |
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435 <para> |
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436 Поскольку наши <link doc="../en/pgp_keys.xml">PGP-ключи</link> |
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437 находятся на том же сервере, что и пакеты, |
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438 им следует доверять в равной степени. |
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439 Поэтому мы настоятельно рекомендуем дополнительно проверить |
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440 подлинность загруженных PGP-ключей. |
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441 В PGP есть понятие “сети доверия”, |
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442 когда ключ подписывается чьим-либо другим ключом, |
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443 тот в свою очередь третьим, и т.д. |
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444 Это зачастую позволяет построить цепочку от произвольного ключа |
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445 до ключа человека, которого вы знаете и кому доверяете лично, |
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446 и таким образом удостовериться в подлинности первого ключа в цепочке. |
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447 Подробно эта концепция описана в |
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448 <link url="http://www.dewinter.com/gnupg_howto/english/GPGMiniHowto-1.html"> |
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449 GPG Mini Howto</link>. |
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450 У наших ключей есть достаточное количество подписей, |
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451 поэтому проверить их подлинность относительно несложно. |
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452 </para> |
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453 |
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454 </section> |
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455 |
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456 </article> |