Mercurial > hg > nginx-site
annotate xml/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_mp4_module.xml @ 2838:2a4bd6782451
Updated with Netcraft March 2022 Web Server Survey stats.
author | Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com> |
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date | Mon, 04 Apr 2022 18:34:46 +0100 |
parents | 17ed19394953 |
children | 9eadb98ec770 |
rev | line source |
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Russian translation of ngx_http_mp4_module.
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?> |
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2 |
580
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3 <!-- |
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4 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc. |
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5 --> |
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6 |
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7 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd"> |
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8 |
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9 <module name="Модуль ngx_http_mp4_module" |
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10 link="/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_mp4_module.html" |
589 | 11 lang="ru" |
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12 rev="9"> |
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13 |
110
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14 <section id="summary"> |
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15 |
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16 <para> |
271 | 17 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_mp4_module</literal> обеспечивает серверную поддержку |
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18 псевдо-стриминга для файлов в формате MP4. |
365 | 19 Такие файлы обычно имеют расширения |
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20 <path>.mp4</path>, <path>.m4v</path> и <path>.m4a</path>. |
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21 </para> |
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22 |
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23 <para> |
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24 Псевдо-стриминг работает в паре с совместимым медиаплеером. |
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25 Плеер посылает серверу HTTP-запрос с указанием точки времени старта |
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26 в аргументе |
271 | 27 <literal>start</literal> |
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28 строки запроса (время задаётся в секундах), а сервер в |
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29 ответ посылает поток, у которого начальная позиция соответствует |
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30 запрошенному времени, например: |
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31 <example> |
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32 http://example.com/elephants_dream.mp4?start=238.88 |
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33 </example> |
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34 Это позволяет в любой момент времени выполнить произвольное |
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35 позиционирование, а также начать воспроизведение с середины |
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36 временной шкалы. |
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37 </para> |
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38 |
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39 <para> |
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40 В форматах, основанных на H.264, метаданные, необходимые для поддержки |
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41 позиционирования, хранятся в так называемом “moov-атоме”. |
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42 Это часть файла, которая содержит индексную информацию для всего файла. |
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43 </para> |
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44 |
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45 <para> |
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46 До начала воспроизведения плееру необходимо прочитать метаданные. |
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47 Для этого он отсылает специальный запрос с аргументом |
271 | 48 <literal>start=0</literal>. |
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49 Многие кодирующие программы добавляют метаданные в конец файла. |
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50 Это неоптимально для псевдо-стриминга, поскольку плееру |
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51 потребуется загрузить файл целиком прежде чем начать воспроизведение. |
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52 Если метаданные находятся в начале файла, |
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53 nginx’у достаточно начать отправлять в ответ содержимое файла. |
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54 Если же метаданные находятся в конце файла, |
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55 потребуется прочитать весь |
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56 файл и подготовить новый поток, в котором метаданные предшествуют |
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57 медийным данным. |
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58 Это требует дополнительного процессорного |
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59 времени, памяти и дискового ввода/вывода, поэтому лучше |
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60 заранее <link |
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61 url="https://github.com/flowplayer/flowplayer/wiki/7.1.1-video-file-correction"> |
87
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62 подготовить исходный файл для псевдо-стриминга</link>, |
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63 нежели делать это для каждого запроса. |
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64 </para> |
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65 |
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66 <para> |
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67 Модуль также поддерживает аргумент <literal>end</literal> HTTP-запроса |
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68 (1.5.13), задающий время окончания воспроизведения потока. |
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69 Аргумент <literal>end</literal> задаётся совместно с |
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70 аргументом <literal>start</literal> |
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71 или самостоятельно: |
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72 <example> |
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73 http://example.com/elephants_dream.mp4?start=238.88&end=555.55 |
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74 </example> |
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75 </para> |
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76 |
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77 <para> |
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78 Для запроса с ненулевыми аргументами |
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79 <literal>start</literal> или <literal>end</literal> |
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80 nginx считывает из файла метаданные, готовит поток с запрошенным |
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81 диапазоном и отправляет его клиенту. |
87
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82 Это тоже требует дополнительных ресурсов, как указано выше. |
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83 </para> |
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84 |
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85 <para id="keyframe"> |
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86 Если аргумент <literal>start</literal> указывает на |
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87 видеокадр, не являющийся ключевым, |
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88 то начало такого видео может воспроизводиться с ошибками. |
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89 В этом случае к запрашиваемому видео |
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90 <link id="mp4_start_key_frame">могут</link> быть добавлены |
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91 ближайший к точке <literal>start</literal> ключевой кадр |
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92 и все промежуточные кадры между ними. |
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93 При воспроизведении эти кадры будут скрыты |
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94 при помощи edit-листа (1.21.4). |
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95 </para> |
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96 |
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97 <para> |
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98 Если запрос, обрабатываемый этим модулем, не содержит аргументов |
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99 <literal>start</literal> и <literal>end</literal>, |
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100 дополнительные ресурсы не тратятся, а файл отсылается непосредственно как |
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101 статический ресурс. |
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102 Некоторые плееры также поддерживают запросы с указанием диапазона |
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103 запрашиваемых байт (byte-range requests), для них этот модуль не требуется. |
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104 </para> |
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105 |
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106 <para> |
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107 По умолчанию этот модуль не собирается, его сборку необходимо |
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108 разрешить с помощью конфигурационного параметра |
271 | 109 <literal>--with-http_mp4_module</literal>. |
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110 <note> |
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111 Если ранее использовался сторонний модуль mp4, следует его отключить. |
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112 </note> |
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113 </para> |
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114 |
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115 <para> |
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116 Схожая поддержка псевдо-стриминга для FLV-файлов обеспечивается модулем |
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117 <link doc="ngx_http_flv_module.xml">ngx_http_flv_module</link>. |
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118 </para> |
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119 |
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120 </section> |
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121 |
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122 |
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123 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации"> |
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124 |
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125 <para> |
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126 <example> |
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127 location /video/ { |
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128 mp4; |
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129 mp4_buffer_size 1m; |
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130 mp4_max_buffer_size 5m; |
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131 } |
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132 </example> |
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133 </para> |
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134 |
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135 </section> |
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136 |
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137 |
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138 <section id="directives" name="Директивы"> |
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139 |
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140 <directive name="mp4"> |
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141 <syntax/> |
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142 <default/> |
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143 <context>location</context> |
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144 |
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145 <para> |
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146 Включает в содержащем location обработку этим модулем. |
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147 </para> |
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148 |
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149 </directive> |
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150 |
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151 |
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152 <directive name="mp4_buffer_size"> |
271 | 153 <syntax><value>размер</value></syntax> |
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154 <default>512K</default> |
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155 <context>http</context> |
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156 <context>server</context> |
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157 <context>location</context> |
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158 |
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159 <para> |
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160 Задаёт начальный размер буфера, используемого при обработке MP4-файлов. |
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161 </para> |
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162 |
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163 </directive> |
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164 |
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165 |
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166 <directive name="mp4_max_buffer_size"> |
271 | 167 <syntax><value>размер</value></syntax> |
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168 <default>10M</default> |
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169 <context>http</context> |
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170 <context>server</context> |
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171 <context>location</context> |
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172 |
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173 <para> |
966 | 174 В ходе обработки метаданных может понадобиться буфер большего размера. |
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175 Его размер не может превышать указанного, |
966 | 176 иначе nginx вернёт серверную ошибку |
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177 <http-status code="500" text="Internal Server Error"/> |
966 | 178 и запишет в лог следующее сообщение: |
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179 <example> |
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180 "/some/movie/file.mp4" mp4 moov atom is too large: |
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181 12583268, you may want to increase mp4_max_buffer_size |
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182 </example> |
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183 </para> |
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184 |
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185 </directive> |
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186 |
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187 |
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188 <directive name="mp4_limit_rate"> |
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189 <syntax> |
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190 <literal>on</literal> | |
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191 <literal>off</literal> | |
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192 <value>множитель</value></syntax> |
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193 <default>off</default> |
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194 <context>http</context> |
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195 <context>server</context> |
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196 <context>location</context> |
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197 |
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198 <para> |
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199 Ограничивает скорость передачи ответа клиенту. |
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200 Ограничение основывается на значении усреднённого битрейта запрашиваемого |
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201 MP4-файла. |
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202 Скорость вычисляется умножением битрейта на задаваемый |
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203 <value>множитель</value>. |
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204 Специальное значение “<literal>on</literal>” соответствует множителю 1.1. |
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205 Специальное значение “<literal>off</literal>” отключает ограничение скорости. |
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206 Ограничение устанавливается на запрос, поэтому, если клиент одновременно |
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207 откроет два соединения, суммарная скорость будет вдвое выше |
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208 заданного ограничения. |
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209 </para> |
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210 |
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211 <para> |
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212 <note> |
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213 Директива доступна как часть |
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214 <commercial_version>коммерческой подписки</commercial_version>. |
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215 </note> |
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216 </para> |
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217 |
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218 </directive> |
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219 |
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220 |
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221 <directive name="mp4_limit_rate_after"> |
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222 <syntax><value>время</value></syntax> |
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223 <default>60s</default> |
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224 <context>http</context> |
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225 <context>server</context> |
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226 <context>location</context> |
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227 |
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228 <para> |
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229 Задаёт начальный объём медиаданных (измеряется как время воспроизведения), |
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230 после отправки которого начинает ограничиваться |
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231 скорость передачи ответа клиенту. |
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232 </para> |
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233 |
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234 <para> |
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235 <note> |
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236 Директива доступна как часть |
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237 <commercial_version>коммерческой подписки</commercial_version>. |
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238 </note> |
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239 </para> |
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240 |
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241 </directive> |
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242 |
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243 |
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244 <directive name="mp4_start_key_frame"> |
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245 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax> |
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246 <default>off</default> |
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247 <context>http</context> |
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248 <context>server</context> |
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249 <context>location</context> |
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250 <appeared-in>1.21.4</appeared-in> |
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251 |
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252 <para> |
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253 Включает режим, в котором видео всегда начинается с ключевого видеокадра. |
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254 Если аргумент <literal>start</literal> не указывает на ключевой кадр, |
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255 то первоначальные кадры будут скрыты при помощи mp4 edit-листа. |
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256 Edit-листы поддерживаются большинством плееров и браузеров |
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257 включая Chrome, Safari, QuickTime и ffmpeg, |
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258 частично поддерживаются в Firefox. |
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259 </para> |
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260 |
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261 </directive> |
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262 |
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263 </section> |
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264 |
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265 </module> |