Mercurial > hg > nginx-site
annotate xml/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.xml @ 509:0e55c9a48da9
Trimmed space at EOL.
author | Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com> |
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date | Tue, 24 Apr 2012 11:14:21 +0000 |
parents | f4033b9bc4ec |
children | 4f907cde0382 |
rev | line source |
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222
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?> |
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2 |
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3 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd"> |
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4 |
292 | 5 <module name="Модуль ngx_http_upstream_module" |
135
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Renamed ngx_http_upstream to ngx_http_upstream_module.
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6 link="/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.html" |
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7 lang="ru"> |
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8 |
110
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Added proper support for anonymous sections, notably for the summary.
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9 <section id="summary"> |
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10 |
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11 <para> |
292 | 12 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_upstream_module</literal> |
13 позволяет описывать группы серверов, | |
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14 которые могут использоваться в директивах |
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15 <link doc="ngx_http_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_pass"/> |
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16 и <link doc="ngx_http_fastcgi_module.xml" id="fastcgi_pass"/>. |
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17 </para> |
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18 |
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19 </section> |
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20 |
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21 |
292 | 22 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации"> |
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23 |
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24 <para> |
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25 <example> |
292 | 26 upstream <emphasis>backend</emphasis> { |
27 server backend1.example.com weight=5; | |
28 server backend2.example.com:8080; | |
29 server unix:/tmp/backend3; | |
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30 |
292 | 31 server backup1.example.com:8080 backup; |
32 server backup2.example.com:8080 backup; | |
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33 } |
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34 |
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35 server { |
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36 location / { |
292 | 37 proxy_pass http://<emphasis>backend</emphasis>; |
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38 } |
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39 } |
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40 </example> |
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41 </para> |
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42 |
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43 </section> |
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44 |
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45 |
292 | 46 <section id="directives" name="Директивы"> |
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47 |
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48 <directive name="ip_hash"> |
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49 <syntax/> |
99
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50 <default/> |
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51 <context>upstream</context> |
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52 |
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53 <para> |
292 | 54 Задаёт для группы метод распределения запросов по серверам |
55 на основе IP-адресов клиентов. | |
56 В качестве ключа для хэширования используется сеть класса C, | |
57 в которой находится адрес клиента. | |
58 Метод гарантирует, что запросы одного и того же клиента | |
59 будут всегда передаваться на один и тот же сервер. | |
60 Если же этот сервер будет считаться неработающим, | |
61 то запросы этого клиента будут передаваться на другой сервер. | |
62 С большой долей вероятности это также будет один и тот же сервер. | |
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63 </para> |
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64 |
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65 <para> |
292 | 66 Для серверов, использующих метод распределения <literal>ip_hash</literal>, |
67 нельзя задать вес. | |
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68 Если один из серверов нужно убрать на некоторое время, то для сохранения |
292 | 69 текущего хэширования IP-адресов клиентов этот сервер нужно пометить |
70 параметром <literal>down</literal>. | |
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71 </para> |
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72 |
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73 <para> |
292 | 74 Пример: |
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75 <example> |
292 | 76 upstream backend { |
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77 ip_hash; |
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78 |
292 | 79 server backend1.example.com; |
80 server backend2.example.com; | |
81 server backend3.example.com <emphasis>down</emphasis>; | |
82 server backend4.example.com; | |
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83 } |
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84 </example> |
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85 </para> |
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86 |
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87 </directive> |
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88 |
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89 |
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90 <directive name="keepalive"> |
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91 <syntax><value>соединения</value></syntax> |
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92 <default/> |
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93 <context>upstream</context> |
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94 <appeared-in>1.1.4</appeared-in> |
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95 |
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96 <para> |
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97 Задействует кэш соединений для группы серверов. |
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98 </para> |
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99 |
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100 <para> |
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101 Параметр <value>соединения</value> устанавливает максимальное число |
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102 постоянных соединений с серверами группы, которые будут сохраняться |
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103 в кэше каждого рабочего процесса. |
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104 При превышении указанного числа неактивных постоянных соединений |
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105 с серверами группы самые старые соединения закрываются. |
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106 <note> |
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107 Следует отметить, что директива <literal>keepalive</literal> |
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108 не ограничивает общее число соединений, которые рабочие процессы |
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109 nginx могут открыть с серверами группы. |
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110 Новые соединения всегда создаются по мере необходимости. |
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111 Параметр <value>соединения</value> следует устанавливать |
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112 достаточно консервативно для обеспечения возможности |
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113 обработки серверами группы новых входящих соединений. |
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114 </note> |
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115 </para> |
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116 |
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117 <para> |
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118 Пример конфигурации группы серверов memcached с постоянными соединениями: |
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119 <example> |
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120 upstream memcached_backend { |
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121 server 127.0.0.1:11211; |
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122 server 10.0.0.2:11211; |
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123 |
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124 keepalive 32; |
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125 } |
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126 |
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127 server { |
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128 ... |
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129 |
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130 location /memcached/ { |
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131 set $memcached_key $uri; |
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132 memcached_pass memcached_backend; |
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133 } |
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134 |
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135 } |
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136 </example> |
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137 </para> |
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138 |
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139 <para> |
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140 Для HTTP директиву |
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141 <link doc="ngx_http_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_http_version"/> |
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142 следует установить в “<literal>1.1</literal>”, |
367
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143 а поле заголовка <header>Connection</header> — очистить: |
316
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144 <example> |
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145 upstream http_backend { |
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146 server 127.0.0.1:8080; |
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147 |
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148 keepalive 16; |
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149 } |
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150 |
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151 server { |
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152 ... |
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153 |
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154 location /http/ { |
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155 proxy_pass http://http_backend; |
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156 proxy_http_version 1.1; |
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157 proxy_set_header Connection ""; |
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158 ... |
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159 } |
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160 } |
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161 </example> |
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162 </para> |
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163 |
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164 <para> |
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165 <note> |
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166 Хоть это и не рекомендуется, но также возможно использование постоянных |
325
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167 соединений в HTTP/1.0, путём передачи поля заголовка |
316
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168 <header>Connection: Keep-Alive</header> серверу группы. |
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169 </note> |
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170 </para> |
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171 |
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172 <para> |
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173 Для работы постоянных соединений с FastCGI-серверами потребуется |
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174 включить директиву |
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175 <link doc="ngx_http_fastcgi_module.xml" id="fastcgi_keep_conn"/>: |
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176 <example> |
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177 upstream fastcgi_backend { |
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178 server 127.0.0.1:9000; |
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179 |
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180 keepalive 8; |
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181 } |
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182 |
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183 server { |
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184 ... |
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185 |
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186 location /fastcgi/ { |
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187 fastcgi_pass fastcgi_backend; |
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188 fastcgi_keep_conn on; |
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189 ... |
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190 } |
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191 } |
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192 </example> |
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193 </para> |
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194 |
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195 <para> |
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196 <note> |
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197 При использовании модулей балансировки нагрузки, отличных |
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198 от стандартного round-robin, следует активировать их до |
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199 директивы <literal>keepalive</literal>. |
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200 </note> |
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201 |
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202 <note> |
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203 Протоколы SCGI и uwsgi не определяют семантику постоянных соединений. |
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204 </note> |
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205 </para> |
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206 |
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207 </directive> |
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208 |
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209 |
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210 <directive name="server"> |
271 | 211 <syntax><value>название</value> [<value>параметры</value>]</syntax> |
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212 <default/> |
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213 <context>upstream</context> |
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214 |
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215 <para> |
292 | 216 Задаёт <value>имя</value> и другие <value>параметры</value> сервера. |
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217 В качестве имени можно использовать доменное имя, адрес, порт или путь |
292 | 218 UNIX-сокета. |
219 Если доменному имени соответствует несколько адресов, то все они используются. | |
220 <list type="tag"> | |
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221 |
292 | 222 <tag-name><literal>weight</literal>=<value>число</value></tag-name> |
223 <tag-desc> | |
224 задаёт вес сервера, по умолчанию 1. | |
225 </tag-desc> | |
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226 |
292 | 227 <tag-name><literal>max_fails</literal>=<value>число</value></tag-name> |
228 <tag-desc> | |
229 задаёт число неудачных попыток работы с сервером | |
230 в течение времени, заданного параметром <literal>fail_timeout</literal>, | |
231 после которого он считается неработающим, также в течение времени | |
232 заданного параметром <literal>fail_timeout</literal>. | |
233 По умолчанию число попыток устанавливается равным 1. | |
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234 Нулевое значение запрещает учёт попыток. |
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235 Что считается неудачной попыткой, задаётся директивами |
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236 <link doc="ngx_http_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_next_upstream"/> |
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237 и <link doc="ngx_http_fastcgi_module.xml" id="fastcgi_next_upstream"/>. |
292 | 238 Состояние <literal>http_404</literal> |
239 не считается неудачной попыткой. | |
240 </tag-desc> | |
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241 |
292 | 242 <tag-name><literal>fail_timeout</literal>=<value>время</value></tag-name> |
243 <tag-desc> | |
244 задаёт | |
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245 <list type="bullet"> |
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246 |
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247 <listitem> |
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248 время, в течение которого должно произойти заданное число неудачных |
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249 попыток работы с сервером для того, чтобы сервер считался неработающим; |
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250 </listitem> |
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251 |
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252 <listitem> |
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253 и время, в течение которого сервер будет считаться неработающим. |
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254 </listitem> |
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255 |
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256 </list> |
292 | 257 По умолчанию таймаут равен 10 секундам. |
258 </tag-desc> | |
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259 |
292 | 260 <tag-name><literal>backup</literal></tag-name> |
261 <tag-desc> | |
262 помечает сервер как запасной сервер. | |
263 На него будут передаваться запросы в случае, если не работают основные серверы. | |
264 </tag-desc> | |
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265 |
292 | 266 <tag-name><literal>down</literal></tag-name> |
267 <tag-desc> | |
268 помечает сервер как постоянно неработающий; используется | |
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269 совместно с директивой <link id="ip_hash"/>. |
292 | 270 </tag-desc> |
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271 |
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272 </list> |
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273 </para> |
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274 |
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275 <para> |
292 | 276 Пример: |
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277 <example> |
292 | 278 upstream backend { |
279 server backend1.example.com weight=5; | |
280 server 127.0.0.1:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; | |
281 server unix:/tmp/backend3; | |
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282 |
292 | 283 server backup1.example.com:8080 backup; |
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284 } |
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285 </example> |
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286 </para> |
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287 |
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288 </directive> |
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289 |
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290 |
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291 <directive name="upstream"> |
108
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292 <syntax block="yes"><value>название</value></syntax> |
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293 <default/> |
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294 <context>http</context> |
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295 |
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296 <para> |
292 | 297 Описывает группу серверов. |
298 Серверы могут слушать на разных портах. | |
299 Кроме того, можно одновременно использовать серверы, | |
300 слушающие на TCP- и UNIX-сокетах. | |
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301 </para> |
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302 |
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303 <para> |
292 | 304 Пример: |
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305 <example> |
292 | 306 upstream backend { |
307 server backend1.example.com weight=5; | |
308 server 127.0.0.1:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; | |
309 server unix:/tmp/backend3; | |
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310 } |
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311 </example> |
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312 </para> |
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313 |
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314 <para> |
292 | 315 Запросы распределяются по серверам циклически (в режиме round-robin) |
316 с учётом весов серверов. | |
317 В вышеприведённом примере каждые 7 запросов будут распределены так: | |
318 5 запросов на <literal>backend1.example.com</literal> | |
319 и по одному запросу на второй и третий серверы. | |
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320 Если при попытке работы с сервером произошла ошибка, то запрос будет |
292 | 321 передан следующему серверу, и так до тех пор, пока не будут опробованы |
322 все работающие серверы. | |
323 Если не удастся получить успешный ответ | |
324 ни от одного из серверов, то клиенту будет возвращён результат работы | |
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325 с последним сервером. |
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326 </para> |
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327 |
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328 </directive> |
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329 |
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330 </section> |
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331 |
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332 |
292 | 333 <section id="variables" name="Встроенные переменные"> |
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334 |
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335 <para> |
292 | 336 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_upstream_module</literal> |
337 поддерживает следующие встроенные переменные: | |
338 <list type="tag"> | |
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339 |
292 | 340 <tag-name><var>$upstream_addr</var></tag-name> |
341 <tag-desc> | |
342 хранит IP-адрес и порт сервера или путь к UNIX-сокету. | |
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343 Если при обработке запроса были сделаны обращения к нескольким серверам, |
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344 то их адреса разделяются запятой, например, |
292 | 345 “<literal>192.168.1.1:80, 192.168.1.2:80, unix:/tmp/sock</literal>”. |
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346 Если произошло внутреннее перенаправление от одной группы серверов на другую |
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347 с помощью |
292 | 348 <header>X-Accel-Redirect</header> или |
349 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="error_page"/>, | |
350 то эти группы серверов разделяются двоеточием, например, | |
351 “<literal>192.168.1.1:80, 192.168.1.2:80, unix:/tmp/sock : 192.168.10.1:80, 192.168.10.2:80</literal>”. | |
352 </tag-desc> | |
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353 |
292 | 354 <tag-name><var>$upstream_response_time</var></tag-name> |
355 <tag-desc> | |
356 хранит времена ответов серверов в секундах с точностью до миллисекунд. | |
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357 Несколько ответов также разделяются запятыми и двоеточиями. |
292 | 358 </tag-desc> |
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359 |
292 | 360 <tag-name><var>$upstream_status</var></tag-name> |
361 <tag-desc> | |
362 хранит коды ответов серверов. | |
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363 Несколько ответов также разделяются запятыми и двоеточиями. |
292 | 364 </tag-desc> |
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365 |
292 | 366 <tag-name><var>$upstream_http_...</var></tag-name> |
367 <tag-desc> | |
368 хранят поля заголовка ответа сервера. | |
369 Например, поле заголовка ответа <header>Server</header> | |
370 доступно в переменной <var>$upstream_http_server</var>. | |
371 Необходимо иметь в виду, что запоминаются только поля заголовка ответа | |
372 последнего сервера. | |
373 </tag-desc> | |
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374 |
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375 </list> |
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376 </para> |
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377 |
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378 </section> |
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379 |
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380 </module> |