annotate xml/he/docs/http/server_names.xml @ 2735:ff357b676c2e

Removed trailing spaces.
author Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
date Thu, 10 Jun 2021 18:27:24 +0300
parents 130fad6dc1b4
children
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
rev   line source
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9d544687d02c Fixed DOCTYPE declaration.
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1 <!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/article.dtd">
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2
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7db449e89e92 Unified the use of the "name" attribute instead of "title".
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3 <article name="שמות שרת"
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4 link="/he/docs/http/server_names.html"
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5 lang="he"
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6 author="Igor Sysoev"
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7 translator="מבזקים.נט">
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8
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9 <section>
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10
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11 <para>
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4c6d2c614d2c Cleaned up XML tag mess:
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12 שמות שרת מוגדרים על ידי המאפיין <literal>server_name</literal>
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13 והם קובעים איזה בלוק תצורת שרת מקובץ התצורה יהיה בשימוש לכל בקשה ובקשה לשרת.
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a413dffb0557 Replaced "a href" with "link doc" / "link url".
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14 ראו גם &ldquo;<link doc="../../../en/docs/http/request_processing.xml" />&rdquo;.
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15 ניתן להגדירם באמצעות שמות מדוייקים, שמות Wildcard, או באמצעות ביטויים רגולריים:
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16
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17 <programlisting>
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18 server {
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19 listen 80;
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20 server_name example.org www.example.org;
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21 ...
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22 }
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23
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24 server {
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25 listen 80;
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26 server_name *.example.org;
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27 ...
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28 }
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29
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30 server {
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31 listen 80;
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32 server_name mail.*;
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33 ...
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34 }
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35
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36 server {
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37 listen 80;
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38 server_name ~^(?&lt;user&gt;.+)\.example\.net$;
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39 ...
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40 }
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41 </programlisting>
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42
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43 השמות נבדקים בסדר הבא:
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44
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45 <list type="enum">
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46
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47 <listitem>
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48 שמות מדוייקים;
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49 </listitem>
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51 <listitem>
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52 שמות Wildcard המתחילים בכוכבית: <literal>*.example.org</literal>;
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53 </listitem>
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54
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55 <listitem>
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56 שמות Wildcard המסתיימים בכוכבית: <literal>mail.*</literal>;
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57 </listitem>
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58
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59 <listitem>
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60 ביטויים רגולריים לפי הסדר שבו הם מופיעים בקובץ התצורה.
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61 </listitem>
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62
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63 </list>
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64 ההתאמה הראשונה עוצרת את החיפוש.
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65 </para>
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66
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67 </section>
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68
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69
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70 <section id="wildcard_names"
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71 name="שמות Wildcard">
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72
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73 <para>
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74 שם wildcard יכול להכיל כוכבית רק בתחילת או בסוף השם, וחייב להיות בגבול של נקודה.
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75 השמות <literal>www.*.example.org</literal>
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76 ו <literal>w*.example.org</literal> הם שגויים.
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77 למרות זאת, ניתן לציין שמות כאלה באמצעות ביטויים רגולריים,
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78 לדוגמא, <literal>~^www\..+\.example\.org$</literal> ו
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79 <literal>~^w.*\.example\.org$</literal>.
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80 סימן הכוכבית יכול להחליף מספר חלקי שם.
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81 השם <literal>*.example.org</literal> מתאים לא רק ל
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82 <literal>www.example.org</literal> אלא גם ל <literal>www.sub.example.org</literal>.
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83 </para>
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84
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85 <para>
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86 ניתן להשתמש ב wildcard מיוחד בצורה של <literal>.example.org</literal>
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87 כדי להתאים גם לשם המדוייק <literal>example.org</literal>
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88 וגם לשם ה wildcard הבא: <literal>*.example.org</literal>.
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89 </para>
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90
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91 </section>
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92
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93
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94 <section id="regex_names"
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95 name="שמות ביטויים רגולריים">
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96
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97 <para>
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98 הביטויים הרגולריים ש nginx משתמש בהם, תואמים לאלה אשר נמצאים בשימוש
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99 בשפת פרל (PCRE).
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100 כדי להשתמש בביטוי רגולרי, על שם השרת להתחיל עם סימן הטילדה (~), כך:
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101
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102 <programlisting>
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103 server_name ~^www\d+\.example\.net$;
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104 </programlisting>
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105
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106 אחרת nginx יתייחס אליו כשם מדוייק, או אם הביטוי מכיל כוכבית, כשם wildcard (וסביר
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107 להניח שיהיה שגוי).
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108 אל תשכחו להגדיר עוגני
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109 &ldquo;^&rdquo; ו &ldquo;$&rdquo;.
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110 הם לא דרושים תחבירית, אם כי לוגית.
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111 כמו כן שימו לב שהנקודות של שם המתלם צריכות להיות מוברחות (escaped) על ידי לוכסן הפוך (\).
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112 ביטוי רגולרי המכיל את התווים &ldquo;{&rdquo;
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113 ו &ldquo;}&rdquo; צריך להיות במרכאות:
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114
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115 <programlisting>
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116 server_name "~^(?&lt;name&gt;\w\d<b>{</b>1,3<b>}</b>+)\.example\.net$";
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117 </programlisting>
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118
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119 אחרת nginx יכשל בעלייה, ויציג את הודעת השגיאה הבאה:
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120
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121 <programlisting>
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122 directive "server_name" is not terminated by ";" in ...
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123 </programlisting>
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124
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125 ביטוי רגולרי שניתן לו שם ונלכד, ניתן לשימוש מאוחר יותר כמשתנה:
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126
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127 <programlisting>
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128 server {
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129 server_name ~^(www\.)?(<b>?&lt;domain&gt;</b>.+)$;
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130
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131 location / {
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132 root /sites/<b>$domain</b>;
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133 }
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134 }
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135 </programlisting>
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136
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137 ספריית PCRE תומכת בלכידות מבוססות שם לפי התחביר הבא:
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138
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139 <table note="yes">
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140
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141 <tr>
271
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142 <td><literal>?&lt;<value>name</value>&gt;</literal></td>
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143 <td>תחביר תואם פרל 5.10, נתמך החל מ PCRE-7.0</td>
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144 </tr>
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145
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146 <tr>
271
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147 <td><literal>?'<value>name</value>'</literal></td>
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148 <td>תחביר תואם פרל 5.10, נתמך החל מ PCRE-7.0</td>
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149 </tr>
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150
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151 <tr>
271
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152 <td><literal>?P&lt;<value>name</value>&gt;</literal></td>
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153 <td>תחביר תואם פייתון, נתמך החל מ PCRE-4.0</td>
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154 </tr>
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155
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156 </table>
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157
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158 אם nginx נכשל בעלייה ומציג את הודעת השגיאה הבאה:
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159
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160 <programlisting>
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161 pcre_compile() failed: unrecognized character after (?&lt; in ...
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162 </programlisting>
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163
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164 פירוש הדבר שספריית ה PCRE היא ישנה, ועליכם לנסות את התחביר
271
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165 <literal>?P&lt;<value>name</value>&gt;</literal>.
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166
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167 את הלכידה ניתן לבצע גם בצורה ספרתית:
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168
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169 <programlisting>
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170 server {
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171 server_name ~^(www\.)?(.+)$;
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172
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173 location / {
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174 root /sites/<b>$2</b>;
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175 }
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176 }
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177 </programlisting>
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178
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179 אך יש להשתמש בצורה זו במקרים פשוטים (כמו לעיל), כיוון שהייחוסים הספרתיים
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180 יכולים להידרס בקלות
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181 </para>
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182
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183
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184 </section>
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185
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186
121
49443032011c Unified <section> syntax for "article" and "module" documents.
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187 <section id="miscellaneous_names"
49443032011c Unified <section> syntax for "article" and "module" documents.
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188 name="שמות כלליים">
0
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189
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190 <para>
271
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191 אם אף <literal>server_name</literal> לא מוגדר בבלוג שרת,
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192 אזי nginx משתמש ב <i>hostname</i> בתור שם השרת.
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193 </para>
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194
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195 <para>
2735
ff357b676c2e Removed trailing spaces.
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196 אם ברצונכם לעבד בקשות בלי שורת כותר &ldquo;Host&rdquo;
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197 בבלוק שרת שאינו ברירת המחדל, עליכם לציין שם ריק:
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198
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199 <programlisting>
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200 server {
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201 listen 80;
490
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202 server_name example.org www.example.org "";
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203 ...
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204 }
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205 </programlisting>
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206 </para>
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207
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208 <para>
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209 אם מישהו מבצע בקשה באמצעות כתובת IP במקום שם שרת, שורת הכותר
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210 &ldquo;Host&rdquo; תכיל כתובת IP, ואפשר יהיה לטפל בבקשה על ידי
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211 שימוש בכתובת IP בשם השרת:
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212
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213 <programlisting>
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214 server {
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215 listen 80;
490
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216 server_name example.org
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217 www.example.org
0
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218 ""
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219 <b>192.168.1.1</b>
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220 ;
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221 ...
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222 }
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223 </programlisting>
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224 </para>
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225
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226 <para>
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227 בדוגמאות catch-all ייתכן ותראו את השם המוזר &ldquo;_&rdquo;:
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228
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229 <programlisting>
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230 server {
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231 listen 80 default_server;
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232 server_name _;
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233 return 444;
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234 }
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235 </programlisting>
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236
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237 אין שום דבר מוזר בשם הזה, הוא רק אחד משלל שמות מתחם שגויים שלעולם לא
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238 תפגשו בהם בשם אמיתי.
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239 ניתן להשתמש גם ב &ldquo;--&rdquo;, &ldquo;!@#&rdquo;, וכך הלאה.
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240 </para>
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241
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242 <para>
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243 nginx בגירסאות עד 0.6.25 תמך בשם המיוחד &ldquo;*&rdquo;
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244 אשר יש שפירשו אותו בטעות כשם catch-all.
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245 השם הזה מעולם לא תפקד כ catch-all ואף לא כשם wildcard.
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246 בפועל, הוא סיפק את הפונקציונליות שהיום מסופקת על ידי
271
4c6d2c614d2c Cleaned up XML tag mess:
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247 המאפיין <literal>server_name_in_redirect</literal>.
0
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248 השם המיוחד &ldquo;*&rdquo; הוא כעת לא מומלץ לשימוש, ויש
271
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249 להשתמש במאפיין <literal>server_name_in_redirect</literal> במקומו.
0
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250 שימו לב שאין דרך לציין את שם ה catch-all או את שרת <i>ברירת המחדל</i>
271
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251 על ידי שימוש במאפיין <literal>server_name</literal>.
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252 זוהי תכונה של המאפיין <literal>listen</literal> ולא של המאפיין <literal>server_name</literal>.
374
a413dffb0557 Replaced "a href" with "link doc" / "link url".
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253 ראו גם &ldquo;<link doc="../../../en/docs/http/request_processing.xml" />&rdquo;.
0
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254
593
130fad6dc1b4 Replaced the uses of "url" element with "literal".
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255 באפשרותכם להגדיר שרתים המאזינים על פורטים <literal>*:80</literal> ו <literal>*:8080</literal>,
0
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256 ולהגדיר שרת אחת שהוא ברירת המחדל עבור פורט
593
130fad6dc1b4 Replaced the uses of "url" element with "literal".
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257 <literal>*:8080</literal>, בעוד שהשני יהיה ברירת מחדל עבור פורט <literal>*:80</literal>:
0
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258
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259 <programlisting>
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260 server {
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261 listen 80;
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262 listen 8080 default_server;
490
9913f1d51c07 Replaced "nginx" domain names with example domains.
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diff changeset
263 server_name example.net;
0
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264 ...
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265 }
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266
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267 server {
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268 listen 80 default_server;
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269 listen 8080;
490
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270 server_name example.org;
0
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271 ...
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272 }
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273 </programlisting>
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274 </para>
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275
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276
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277 </section>
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278
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279
121
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280 <section id="optimization"
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281 name="ייעול">
0
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282
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283 <para>
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284
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285 שמות מדוייקים ושמות wildcard מאוחסנים בגיבוב (hash).
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286 הגיבובים מקושרים להאזנות לפורטים, ולכן פורט האזנה יכולים להיות
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287 עד שלושה גיבויים: גיבוב שם מדוייק, גיבוי שמות wildcard שמתחילים
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288 בכוכבית, וגיבוב שמות wildcard שמסתיימים בכוכבית.
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289 הגודל של הגיבובים מיועל בשלב התצורה כך שניתן יהיה למצוא שם
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290 עם הכי מעט פספוסי מטמון מעבד.
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291 גיבוב השמות המדוייקים עובר חיפוש ראשון.
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292 אם שם לא נמצא בגיבוב השמות המדוייק, מתחיל חיפוש בגיבוב השמות המתחילים
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293 בכוכבית.
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294 אם הוא לא נמצא גם שם, מתחיל חיפוש בגיבוב השמות המסתיימים בכוכבית.
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295 חיפוש בגיבובי שמות wildcard הוא איטי יותר מחיפוש שם בגיבוב השמות המדוייקים
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296 כיוון ששמות עוברים חיפוש על פי חלקי שם המתחם.
490
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297 שימו לב שצורת ה wildcard המיוחדת <literal>.example.org</literal>
0
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298 שמורה גם היא בגיבוב שמות ה wildcard ולא בגיבוב השמות המדוייקים.
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299 ביטויים רגולריים נבדקים באופן סדרתי, ועל כן הם השיטה האיטית ביותר
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300 ואינם סקאלאביליים.
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301 </para>
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302
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303 <para>
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304 בהתחשב בנסיבות אלה, הכי טוב להשתמש בשמות מדוייקים בכל מקום שהדבר אפשרי.
593
130fad6dc1b4 Replaced the uses of "url" element with "literal".
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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305 לדוגמה, אם השמות הנפוצים ביותר לשרת הם <literal>example.org</literal> ו <literal>www.example.org</literal>,
0
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306 יותר יעיל להגדיר אותם באופן מפורש:
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307
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308 <programlisting>
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309 server {
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310 listen 80;
490
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311 server_name example.org www.example.org *.example.org;
0
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312 ...
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313 }
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314 </programlisting>
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315
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316 מאשר להשתמש בשיטה המופשטת:
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317
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318 <programlisting>
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319 server {
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320 listen 80;
490
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321 server_name .example.org;
0
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322 ...
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323 }
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324 </programlisting>
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325 </para>
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326
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327 <para>
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328 אם הגדרתם מספר גדול של שמות שרת, או שהגדרתם שמות שרת ארוכים מהרגיל,
271
4c6d2c614d2c Cleaned up XML tag mess:
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329 ייתכן ויהיה עליכם לכוונן את המאפיינים <literal>server_names_hash_max_size</literal>
4c6d2c614d2c Cleaned up XML tag mess:
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330 ו <literal>server_names_hash_bucket_size</literal> ברמת ה <i>http</i>.
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331 ערך ברירת המחדל של <literal>server_names_hash_bucket_size</literal>
0
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332 יכול להיות שווה ל 32, ל 64, או לערך אחר, בהתאם לגודל קו המטמון של המעבד שלכם.
2735
ff357b676c2e Removed trailing spaces.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents: 593
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333 אם ברירת המחדל היא 32 ותגדירו
490
9913f1d51c07 Replaced "nginx" domain names with example domains.
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334 &ldquo;too.long.server.name.example.org&rdquo; בתור שם שרת,
0
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335 אזי nginx ייכשל בעלייה ויציג את הודעת השגיאה הבאה:
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336
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337 <programlisting>
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338 could not build the server_names_hash,
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339 you should increase server_names_hash_bucket_size: 32
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340 </programlisting>
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341
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342 במקרה זה, עליכם להגדיר את ערך המאפיין לחזקה הבאה של 2:
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343
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344 <programlisting>
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345 http {
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346 server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
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347 ...
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348 </programlisting>
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349
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350 אם הגדרתם כמות גדולה של שמות שרת, אתם עלולים לקבל את הודעת השגיאה הבאה:
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351
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352 <programlisting>
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353 could not build the server_names_hash,
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354 you should increase either server_names_hash_max_size: 512
61e04fc01027 Initial import of the nginx.org website.
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355 or server_names_hash_bucket_size: 32
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356 </programlisting>
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357
271
4c6d2c614d2c Cleaned up XML tag mess:
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 123
diff changeset
358 עליכם לנסות קודם להגדיל את <literal>server_names_hash_max_size</literal>
0
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parents:
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359 למספר קרוב למספר השרתים.
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360 רק אם זה לא עזר, או שזמן העלייה של nginx הוא ארוך בצורה מוגזמת,
271
4c6d2c614d2c Cleaned up XML tag mess:
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 123
diff changeset
361 נסו להגדיל את <literal>server_names_hash_bucket_size</literal>.
0
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362 </para>
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363
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364 <para>
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365 אם שרת הוא השרת היחיד עבור פורט האזנה, אזי nginx לא יבדוק שמות שרת בכלל
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parents:
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366 (ולא יבנה גיבובים עבור פורט ההאזנה).
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parents:
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367 אך, יש יוצא דופן אחד.
271
4c6d2c614d2c Cleaned up XML tag mess:
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 123
diff changeset
368 אם <literal>server_name</literal> הוא ביטוי רגולרי עם לכידות,
0
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369 nginx חייב לבצע את הביטוי כדי לקבל את מה שנלכד בהן.
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370 </para>
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371
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372 </section>
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373
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374
121
49443032011c Unified <section> syntax for "article" and "module" documents.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 50
diff changeset
375 <section id="compatibility"
49443032011c Unified <section> syntax for "article" and "module" documents.
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parents: 50
diff changeset
376 name="תאימות">
0
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377
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378 <para>
461
6135f3c95bf6 Unified markup for lists.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 374
diff changeset
379 <list type="bullet">
0
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380
461
6135f3c95bf6 Unified markup for lists.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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381 <listitem>
0
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382 לכידת שמות בביטויים רגולריים נתמכה החל מגירסה 0.8.25.
461
6135f3c95bf6 Unified markup for lists.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 374
diff changeset
383 </listitem>
0
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384
461
6135f3c95bf6 Unified markup for lists.
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385 <listitem>
0
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parents:
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386 לכידת ביטויים רגולריים נתמכה החל מגירסה 0.7.40.
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parents:
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387
461
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Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 374
diff changeset
388 </listitem>
0
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389
461
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diff changeset
390 <listitem>
0
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Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
391 שם שרת ריק &ldquo;&rdquo; נתמך החל מגירסה 0.7.12.
461
6135f3c95bf6 Unified markup for lists.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 374
diff changeset
392 </listitem>
0
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393
461
6135f3c95bf6 Unified markup for lists.
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394 <listitem>
0
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395 שם שרת מסוג wildcard או ביטוי רגולרי נתמכו לשימוש כשם שרת ראשון החל מגירסה 0.6.25.
461
6135f3c95bf6 Unified markup for lists.
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396 </listitem>
0
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397
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398 <listitem>
0
61e04fc01027 Initial import of the nginx.org website.
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399 שמות שרת כביטוי רגולרי נתמכו החל מגירסה 0.6.7.
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400 </listitem>
0
61e04fc01027 Initial import of the nginx.org website.
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401
461
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402 <listitem>
593
130fad6dc1b4 Replaced the uses of "url" element with "literal".
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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403 צורות Wildcard מסוג <literal>example.*</literal> נתמכו החל מגירסה 0.6.0.
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404 </listitem>
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405
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406 <listitem>
593
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407 הצורה המיוחדת <literal>.example.org</literal> נתמכה החל מגירסה 0.3.18.
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408 </listitem>
0
61e04fc01027 Initial import of the nginx.org website.
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409
461
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410 <listitem>
593
130fad6dc1b4 Replaced the uses of "url" element with "literal".
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411 הצורה <literal>*.example.org</literal> נתמכה החל מגירסה 0.1.13.
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412 </listitem>
0
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413
61e04fc01027 Initial import of the nginx.org website.
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414 </list>
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415 </para>
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416
61e04fc01027 Initial import of the nginx.org website.
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417 </section>
61e04fc01027 Initial import of the nginx.org website.
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418
61e04fc01027 Initial import of the nginx.org website.
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419 </article>