Mercurial > hg > nginx-site

annotate xml/cn/docs/http/server_names.xml @ 2735:ff357b676c2e

Find changesets by keywords (author, files, the commit message), revision number or hash, or revset expression.
Removed trailing spaces.
author Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
date Thu, 10 Jun 2021 18:27:24 +0300
parents 9934338f83af
children
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
rev   line source
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
1 <!--
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
2 Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
3 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc.
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
4 -->
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
5
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
6 <!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/article.dtd">
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
7
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
8 <article name="虚拟主机名"
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
9 link="/cn/docs/http/server_names.html"
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
10 lang="cn"
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
11 rev="2"
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
12 translator="cfsego"
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
13 author="Igor Sysoev"
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
14 editor="Brian Mercer">
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
15
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
16
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
17 <section>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
18
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
19 <para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
20
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
21 虚拟主机名使用<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_name"/>指令定义，用于决定由某台<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server">虚拟主机</link>来处理请求。具体请参考《<link doc="request_processing.xml">nginx如何处理一个请求</link>》。虚拟主机名可以使用确切的名字，通配符，或者是正则表达式来定义：
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
22
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
23 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
24 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
25 listen 80;
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
26 server_name example.org www.example.org;
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
27 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
28 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
29
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
30 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
31 listen 80;
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
32 server_name *.example.org;
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
33 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
34 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
35
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
36 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
37 listen 80;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
38 server_name mail.*;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
39 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
40 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
41
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
42 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
43 listen 80;
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
44 server_name ~^(?&lt;user&gt;.+)\.example\.net$;
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
45 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
46 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
47 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
48
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
49 nginx以名字查找虚拟主机时，如果名字可以匹配多于一个主机名定义，比如同时匹配了通配符的名字和正则表达式的名字，那么nginx按照下面的优先级别进行查找，并选中第一个匹配的虚拟主机：
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
50
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
51 <list type="enum">
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
52
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
53 <listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
54 确切的名字；
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
55 </listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
56
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
57 <listitem>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
58 最长的以星号起始的通配符名字：<literal>*.example.org</literal>；
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
59 </listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
60
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
61 <listitem>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
62 最长的以星号结束的通配符名字：<literal>mail.*</literal>；
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
63 </listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
64
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
65 <listitem>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
66 第一个匹配的正则表达式名字（按在配置文件中出现的顺序）。
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
67 </listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
68
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
69 </list>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
70 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
71
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
72 </section>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
73
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
74
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
75 <section id="wildcard_names"
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
76 name="通配符名字">
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
77
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
78 <para>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
79 通配符名字只可以在名字的起始处或结尾处包含一个星号，并且星号与其他字符之间用点分隔。所以，“<literal>www.*.example.org</literal>”和“<literal>w*.example.org</literal>”都是非法的。不过，上面的两个名字可以使用正则表达式描述，即“<literal>~^www\..+\.example\.org$</literal>”和“<literal>~^w.*\.example\.org$</literal>”。星号可以匹配名字的多个节（各节都是以点号分隔的）。“<literal>*.example.org</literal>”不仅匹配<literal>www.example.org</literal>，也匹配<literal>www.sub.example.org</literal>。
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
80 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
81
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
82 <para>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
83 有一种形如“<literal>.example.org</literal>”的特殊通配符，它可以既匹配确切的名字“<literal>example.org</literal>”，又可以匹配一般的通配符名字“<literal>*.example.org</literal>”。
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
84 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
85
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
86 </section>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
87
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
88
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
89 <section id="regex_names"
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
90 name="正则表达式名字">
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
91
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
92 <para>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
93 nginx使用的正则表达式兼容PCRE。为了使用正则表达式，虚拟主机名必须以波浪线“~”起始：
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
94
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
95 <programlisting>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
96 server_name ~^www\d+\.example\.net$;
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
97 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
98
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
99 否则该名字会被认为是个确切的名字，如果表达式含星号，则会被认为是个通配符名字（而且很可能是一个非法的通配符名字）。不要忘记设置“<literal>^</literal>”和“<literal>$</literal>”锚点，语法上它们不是必须的，但是逻辑上是的。同时需要注意的是，域名中的点“.”需要用反斜线“\”转义。含有“<literal>{</literal>”和“<literal>}</literal>”的正则表达式需要被引用，如：
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
100
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
101 <programlisting>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
102 server_name "~^(?&lt;name&gt;\w\d<b>{</b>1,3<b>}</b>+)\.example\.net$";
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
103 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
104
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
105 否则nginx就不能启动，错误提示是：
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
106
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
107 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
108 directive "server_name" is not terminated by ";" in ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
109 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
110
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
111 命名的正则表达式捕获组在后面可以作为变量使用：
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
112
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
113 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
114 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
115 server_name ~^(www\.)?(<b>?&lt;domain&gt;</b>.+)$;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
116
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
117 location / {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
118 root /sites/<b>$domain</b>;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
119 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
120 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
121 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
122
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
123 PCRE使用下面语法支持命名捕获组：
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
124
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
125 <table note="yes">
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
126
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
127 <tr>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
128 <td><literal>?&lt;<value>name</value>&gt;</literal></td>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
129 <td>从PCRE-7.0开始支持，兼容Perl 5.10语法</td>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
130 </tr>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
131
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
132 <tr>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
133 <td><literal>?'<value>name</value>'</literal></td>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
134 <td>从PCRE-7.0开始支持，兼容Perl 5.10语法</td>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
135 </tr>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
136
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
137 <tr>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
138 <td><literal>?P&lt;<value>name</value>&gt;</literal></td>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
139 <td>从PCRE-4.0开始支持，兼容Python语法</td>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
140 </tr>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
141
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
142 </table>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
143
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
144 如果nginx不能启动，并显示错误信息：
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
145
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
146 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
147 pcre_compile() failed: unrecognized character after (?&lt; in ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
148 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
149
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
150 说明PCRE版本太旧，应该尝试使用<literal>?P&lt;name&gt;</literal>。捕获组也可以以数字方式引用：
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
151
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
152 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
153 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
154 server_name ~^(www\.)?(.+)$;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
155
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
156 location / {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
157 root /sites/<b>$2</b>;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
158 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
159 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
160 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
161
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
162 不过，这种用法只限于简单的情况（比如上面的例子），因为数字引用很容易被覆盖。
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
163 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
164
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
165
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
166 </section>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
167
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
168
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
169 <section id="miscellaneous_names"
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
170 name="其他类型的名字">
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
171
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
172 <para>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
173 有一些主机名会被特别对待。
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
174 </para>
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
175
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
176 <para>
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
177 如果需要用一个非默认的<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server">虚拟主机</link>处理请求头中不含<header>Host</header>字段的请求，需要指定一个空名字：
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
178
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
179 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
180 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
181 listen 80;
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
182 server_name example.org www.example.org "";
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
183 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
184 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
185 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
186 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
187
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
188 <para>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
189 如果<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server"/>块中没有定义<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_name"/>，nginx使用空名字作为虚拟主机名。
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
190 <note>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
191 nginx 0.8.48版本以下（含）在同样的情况下会使用机器名作为虚拟主机名。
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
192 </note>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
193 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
194
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
195 <para>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
196 如果以“<literal>$hostname</literal>”（nginx 0.9.4及以上版本）定义虚拟主机名，机器名将被使用。
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
197 </para>
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
198
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
199 <para>
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
200 如果使用IP地址而不是主机名来请求服务器，那么请求头的<header>Host</header>字段包含的将是IP地址。可以将IP地址作为虚拟主机名来处理这种请求：
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
201
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
202 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
203 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
204 listen 80;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
205 server_name nginx.org
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
206 www.nginx.org
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
207 ""
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
208 <b>192.168.1.1</b>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
209 ;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
210 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
211 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
212 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
213 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
214
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
215 <para>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
216 在匹配所有的服务器的例子中，可以见到一个奇怪的名字“<literal>_</literal>”：
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
217
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
218 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
219 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
220 listen 80 default_server;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
221 server_name _;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
222 return 444;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
223 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
224 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
225
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
226 这没什么特别的，它只不过是成千上万的与真实的名字绝无冲突的非法域名中的一个而已。当然，也可以使用“<literal>--</literal>”和“<literal>!@#</literal>”等等。
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
227 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
228
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
229 <para>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
230 nginx直到0.6.25版本还支持一个特殊的名字“<literal>*</literal>”，这个名字一直被错误地理解成是一个匹配所有的名字。但它从来没有像匹配所有的名字，或者通配符那样工作过，而是用来支持一种功能，此功能现在已经改由<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_name_in_redirect"/>指令提供支持了。所以，现在这个特殊的名字“<literal>*</literal>”已经过时了，应该使用<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_name_in_redirect"/>指令取代它。需要注意的是，使用<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_name"/>指令无法描述匹配所有的名字或者默认服务器。这是<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="listen"/>指令的属性，而不是<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_name"/>指令的属性。具体请参考《<link doc="request_processing.xml">nginx如何处理一个请求</link>》。可以定义两个服务器都监听*:80和*:8080端口，然后指定一个作为端口*:8080的默认服务器，另一个作为端口*:80的默认服务器：
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
231
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
232 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
233 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
234 listen 80;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
235 listen 8080 default_server;
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
236 server_name example.net;
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
237 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
238 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
239
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
240 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
241 listen 80 default_server;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
242 listen 8080;
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
243 server_name example.org;
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
244 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
245 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
246 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
247 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
248
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
249
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
250 </section>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
251
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
252
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
253 <section id="optimization"
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
254 name="优化">
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
255
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
256 <para>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
257 确切名字和通配符名字存储在哈希表中。哈希表和监听端口关联。哈希表的尺寸在配置阶段进行了优化，可以以最小的CPU缓存命中失败来找到名字。设置哈希表的细节参见<link doc="../hash.xml">这篇文档</link>
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
258 </para>
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
259
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
260 <para>
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
261 nginx首先搜索确切名字的哈希表，如果没有找到，搜索以星号起始的通配符名字的哈希表，如果还是没有找到，继续搜索以星号结束的通配符名字的哈希表。
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
262 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
263
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
264 <para>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
265 因为名字是按照域名的节来搜索的，所以搜索通配符名字的哈希表比搜索确切名字的哈希表慢。注意特殊的通配符名字“<literal>.example.org</literal>”存储在通配符名字的哈希表中，而不在确切名字的哈希表中。
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
266 </para>
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
267
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
268 <para>
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
269 正则表达式是一个一个串行的测试，所以是最慢的，而且不可扩展。
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
270 </para>
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
271
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
272 <para>
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
273 鉴于以上原因，请尽可能使用确切的名字。举个例子，如果使用<literal>example.org</literal>和<literal>www.example.org</literal>来访问服务器是最频繁的，那么将它们明确的定义出来就更为有效：
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
274
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
275 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
276 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
277 listen 80;
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
278 server_name example.org www.example.org *.example.org;
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
279 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
280 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
281 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
282
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
283 下面这种方法相比更简单，但是效率也更低：
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
284
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
285 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
286 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
287 listen 80;
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
288 server_name .example.org;
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
289 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
290 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
291 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
292 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
293
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
294 <para>
2735
ff357b676c2e Removed trailing spaces.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents: 720
diff changeset
295 如果定义了大量名字，或者定义了非常长的名字，那可能需要在<i>http</i>配置块中使用<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_names_hash_max_size"/>和<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_names_hash_bucket_size"/>指令进行调整。<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_names_hash_bucket_size"/>的默认值可能是32，或者是64，或者是其他值，取决于CPU的缓存行的长度。如果这个值是32，那么定义“<literal>too.long.server.name.example.org</literal>”作为虚拟主机名就会失败，而nginx显示下面错误信息：
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
296 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
297 could not build the server_names_hash,
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
298 you should increase server_names_hash_bucket_size: 32
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
299 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
300
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
301 出现了这种情况，那就需要将指令的值扩大一倍：
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
302
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
303 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
304 http {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
305 server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
306 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
307 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
308
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
309 如果定义了大量名字，得到了另外一个错误：
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
310
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
311 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
312 could not build the server_names_hash,
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
313 you should increase either server_names_hash_max_size: 512
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
314 or server_names_hash_bucket_size: 32
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
315 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
316
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
317 那么应该先尝试设置<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_names_hash_max_size"/>的值差不多等于名字列表的名字总量。如果还不能解决问题，或者服务器启动非常缓慢，再尝试提高<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_names_hash_bucket_size"/>的值。
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
318 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
319
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
320 <para>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
321 如果只为一个监听端口配置了唯一的主机，那么nginx就完全不会测试虚拟主机名了（也不会为监听端口建立哈希表）。不过，有一个例外，如果定义的虚拟主机名是一个含有捕获组的正则表达式，这时nginx就不得不执行这个表达式以得到捕获组。
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
322 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
323
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
324 </section>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
325
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
326
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
327 <section id="compatibility"
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
328 name="兼容性">
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
329
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
330 <para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
331 <list type="bullet">
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
332
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
333 <listitem>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
334 从0.9.4版本开始，支持特殊的虚拟主机名“<literal>$hostname</literal>”。
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
335 </listitem>
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
336
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
337 <listitem>
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
338 从0.8.48版本开始，默认的虚拟主机名是空名字“”。
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
339 </listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
340
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
341 <listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
342 从0.8.25版本开始，支持虚拟主机名中使用命名的正则表达式捕获组。
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
343 </listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
344
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
345 <listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
346 从0.7.40版本开始，支持虚拟主机名中使用正则表达式的捕获组。
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
347 </listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
348
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
349 <listitem>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
350 从0.7.12版本开始，支持空名字“”。
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
351 </listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
352
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
353 <listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
354 从0.6.25版本开始，通配符和正则表达式名字可以作为第一个虚拟主机名。
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
355 </listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
356
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
357 <listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
358 从0.6.7版本开始，支持正则表达式的虚拟主机名。
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
359 </listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
360
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
361 <listitem>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
362 从0.6.0版本开始，支持形如<literal>example.*</literal>的通配符名字。
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
363 </listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
364
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
365 <listitem>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
366 从0.3.18版本开始，支持形如<literal>.example.org</literal>的特殊通配符名字。
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
367 </listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
368
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
369 <listitem>
720
9934338f83af Updated the Chinese documentation.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 593
diff changeset
370 从0.1.13版本开始，支持形如<literal>*.example.org</literal>的通配符名字。
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
371 </listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
372
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
373 </list>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
374 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
375
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
376 </section>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
377
2735
ff357b676c2e Removed trailing spaces.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents: 720
diff changeset
378 </article>