Mercurial > hg > nginx-site
annotate xml/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_log_module.xml @ 1190:dd4cfc6ce770
Corrected description of *_cache_path file names.
author | Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com> |
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date | Fri, 16 May 2014 14:45:14 +0400 |
parents | 4eea26b34ea5 |
children | aab8a1667171 |
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?> |
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2 |
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3 <!-- |
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4 Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev |
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5 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc. |
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6 --> |
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7 |
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8 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd"> |
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9 |
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10 <module name="Модуль ngx_http_log_module" |
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11 link="/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_log_module.html" |
589 | 12 lang="ru" |
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13 rev="12"> |
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14 |
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15 <section id="summary"> |
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16 |
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17 <para> |
271 | 18 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_log_module</literal> записывает логи запросов |
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19 в указанном формате. |
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20 </para> |
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21 |
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22 <para> |
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23 Логи записываются в контексте location’а, где заканчивается обработка. |
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24 Это может быть location, отличный от первоначального, если в процессе |
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25 обработки запроса происходит |
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26 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="internal">внутреннее |
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27 перенаправление</link>. |
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28 </para> |
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29 |
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30 </section> |
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31 |
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32 |
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33 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации"> |
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34 |
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35 <para> |
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36 <example> |
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37 log_format compression '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] ' |
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38 '"$request" $status $bytes_sent ' |
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39 '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$gzip_ratio"'; |
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40 |
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41 access_log /spool/logs/nginx-access.log compression buffer=32k; |
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42 </example> |
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43 </para> |
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44 |
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45 </section> |
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46 |
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47 |
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48 <section id="directives" name="Директивы"> |
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49 |
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50 <directive name="access_log"> |
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51 <syntax> |
364 | 52 <value>путь</value> |
53 [<value>формат</value> | |
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54 [<literal>buffer</literal>=<value>размер</value> |
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55 [<literal>flush</literal>=<value>время</value>]] |
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56 [<literal>if</literal>=<value>условие</value>]]</syntax> |
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57 <syntax> |
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58 <value>путь</value> |
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59 <value>формат</value> |
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60 <literal>gzip[=<value>степень</value>]</literal> |
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61 [<literal>buffer</literal>=<value>размер</value>] |
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62 [<literal>flush</literal>=<value>время</value>] |
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63 [<literal>if</literal>=<value>условие</value>]</syntax> |
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64 <syntax> |
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65 <literal>syslog:</literal><literal>server</literal>=<value>адрес</value>[,<value>параметр</value>=<value>значение</value>] |
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66 [<value>формат</value> |
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67 [<literal>if</literal>=<value>условие</value>]]</syntax> |
271 | 68 <syntax><literal>off</literal></syntax> |
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69 <default>logs/access.log combined</default> |
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70 <context>http</context> |
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71 <context>server</context> |
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72 <context>location</context> |
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73 <context>if в location</context> |
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74 <context>limit_except</context> |
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75 |
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76 <para> |
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77 Задаёт путь, формат и настройки буферизованной записи в лог. |
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78 На одном уровне может использоваться несколько логов. |
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79 Запись в syslog настраивается указанием префикса |
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80 “<literal>syslog:</literal>” в первом параметре. |
271 | 81 Специальное значение <literal>off</literal> отменяет все директивы |
82 <literal>access_log</literal> для текущего уровня. | |
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83 Если формат не указан, то используется предопределённый формат |
271 | 84 “<literal>combined</literal>”. |
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85 </para> |
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86 |
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87 <para> |
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88 Если задан размер буфера с помощью параметра <literal>buffer</literal> или |
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89 указан параметр <literal>gzip</literal> (1.3.10, 1.2.7), то запись будет |
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90 буферизованной. |
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91 <note> |
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92 Размер буфера должен быть не больше размера атомарной записи в дисковый файл. |
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93 Для FreeBSD этот размер неограничен. |
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94 </note> |
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95 </para> |
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96 |
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97 <para> |
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98 При включённой буферизации данные записываются в файл: |
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99 <list type="bullet"> |
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100 |
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101 <listitem> |
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102 если очередная строка лога не помещается в буфер; |
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103 </listitem> |
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104 |
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105 <listitem> |
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106 если данные в буфере находятся дольше интервала времени, заданного |
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107 параметром <literal>flush</literal> (1.3.10, 1.2.7); |
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108 </listitem> |
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109 |
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110 <listitem> |
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111 при <link doc="../control.xml">переоткрытии</link> лог-файла или |
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112 завершении рабочего процесса. |
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113 </listitem> |
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114 |
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115 </list> |
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116 </para> |
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117 |
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118 <para> |
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119 Если задан параметр <literal>gzip</literal>, то буфер будет сжиматься перед |
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120 записью в файл. |
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121 Степень сжатия может быть задана в диапазоне от 1 (быстрее, но хуже сжатие) |
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122 до 9 (медленнее, но лучше сжатие). |
966 | 123 По умолчанию используются буфер размером 64К байт и степень сжатия 1. |
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124 Данные сжимаются атомарными блоками, и в любой момент времени лог-файл может |
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125 быть распакован или прочитан с помощью утилиты “<literal>zcat</literal>”. |
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126 </para> |
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127 |
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128 <para> |
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129 Пример: |
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130 <example> |
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131 access_log /path/to/log.gz combined gzip flush=5m; |
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132 </example> |
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133 </para> |
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134 |
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135 <para> |
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136 <note> |
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137 Для поддержки gzip-сжатия логов nginx должен быть собран с библиотекой zlib. |
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138 </note> |
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139 </para> |
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140 |
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141 <para> |
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142 В пути файла можно использовать переменные (0.7.6+), |
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143 но такие логи имеют некоторые ограничения: |
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144 <list type="bullet"> |
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145 |
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146 <listitem> |
224
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147 <link doc="../ngx_core_module.xml" id="user">пользователь</link>, |
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148 с правами которого работают рабочие процессы, должен |
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149 иметь права на создание файлов в каталоге с такими логами; |
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150 </listitem> |
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151 |
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152 <listitem> |
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153 не работает буферизация; |
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154 </listitem> |
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155 |
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156 <listitem> |
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157 файл открывается для каждой записи в лог и сразу же после записи закрывается. |
224
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158 Следует однако иметь в виду, что поскольку дескрипторы часто используемых файлов |
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159 могут храниться в <link id="open_log_file_cache">кэше</link>, |
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160 то при вращении логов в течение времени, заданного параметром |
271 | 161 <literal>valid</literal> директивы <link id="open_log_file_cache"/>, |
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162 запись может продолжаться в старый файл. |
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163 </listitem> |
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164 |
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165 <listitem> |
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166 при каждой записи в лог проверяется существование |
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167 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="root">корневого каталога</link> |
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168 для запроса — если этот каталог не существует, то лог не создаётся. |
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169 Поэтому <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="root"/> |
271 | 170 и <literal>access_log</literal> нужно описывать на одном уровне: |
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171 <example> |
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172 server { |
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173 root /spool/vhost/data/$host; |
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174 access_log /spool/vhost/logs/$host; |
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175 ... |
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176 </example> |
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177 </listitem> |
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178 |
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179 </list> |
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180 </para> |
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181 |
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182 <para> |
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183 Параметр <literal>if</literal> (1.7.0) включает условную запись в лог. |
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184 Запрос не будет записываться в лог, если результатом вычисления |
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185 <value>условия</value> является “0” или пустая строка. |
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186 В следующем примере запросы с кодами ответа 2xx и 3xx |
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187 не будут записываться в лог: |
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188 <example> |
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189 map $status $loggable { |
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190 ~^[23] 0; |
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191 default 1; |
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192 } |
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193 |
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194 access_log /path/to/access.log combined if=$loggable; |
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195 </example> |
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196 </para> |
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197 |
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198 <para> |
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199 Запись в syslog настраивается при помощи следующих параметров: |
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200 <list type="tag"> |
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201 |
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202 <tag-name><literal>server=</literal><value>адрес</value></tag-name> |
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203 <tag-desc> |
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204 Задаёт адрес сервера syslog. |
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205 Адрес может быть указан в виде доменного имени, IP-адреса или |
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206 в виде пути UNIX-сокета (указывается после префикса |
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207 “<literal>unix:</literal>”). |
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208 Вместе с именем или адресом может быть указан порт. |
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209 Если порт не указан, используется порт 514. |
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210 Если доменному имени соответствует несколько IP-адресов, |
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211 используется только первый адрес. |
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212 </tag-desc> |
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213 |
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214 <tag-name><literal>facility=</literal><value>строка</value></tag-name> |
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215 <tag-desc> |
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216 Задаёт категорию сообщений syslog в соответствии с |
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217 <link url="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3164#section-4.1.1">RFC 3164</link>. |
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218 В качестве категории может быть указано одно из следующих значений: |
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219 “<literal>kern</literal>”, “<literal>user</literal>”, |
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220 “<literal>mail</literal>”, “<literal>daemon</literal>”, |
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221 “<literal>auth</literal>”, “<literal>intern</literal>”, |
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222 “<literal>lpr</literal>”, “<literal>news</literal>”, “<literal>uucp</literal>”, |
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223 “<literal>clock</literal>”, “<literal>authpriv</literal>”, |
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224 “<literal>ftp</literal>”, “<literal>ntp</literal>”, “<literal>audit</literal>”, |
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225 “<literal>alert</literal>”, “<literal>cron</literal>”, |
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226 “<literal>local0</literal>”..“<literal>local7</literal>”. |
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227 По умолчанию используется “<literal>local7</literal>”. |
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228 </tag-desc> |
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229 |
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230 <tag-name><literal>severity=</literal><value>строка</value></tag-name> |
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231 <tag-desc> |
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232 Задаёт важность сообщений syslog в соответствии с |
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233 <link url="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3164#section-4.1.1">RFC 3164</link>. |
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234 Возможны те же самые значения, что и у второго параметра (уровень) |
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235 директивы <link doc="../ngx_core_module.xml" id="error_log"/>. |
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236 По умолчанию используется “<literal>info</literal>”. |
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237 </tag-desc> |
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238 |
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239 <tag-name><literal>tag=</literal><value>строка</value></tag-name> |
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240 <tag-desc> |
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241 Задаёт метку сообщений syslog. |
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242 По умолчанию используется “<literal>nginx</literal>”. |
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243 </tag-desc> |
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244 |
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245 <!-- |
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246 <tag-name><literal>bare=</literal><literal>on</literal> | |
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247 <literal>off</literal></tag-name> |
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248 <tag-desc> |
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249 Если включено, сообщения отправляются без заголовка syslog. |
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250 По умолчанию выключено. |
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251 </tag-desc> |
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252 --> |
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253 |
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254 </list> |
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255 Пример конфигурации syslog: |
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256 <example> |
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257 access_log syslog:server=192.168.1.1; |
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258 access_log syslog:server=unix:/var/log/nginx.sock; |
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259 access_log syslog:server=[2001:db8::1]:12345,facility=local7,tag=nginx,severity=info combined; |
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260 </example> |
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261 </para> |
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262 |
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263 <para> |
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264 <note> |
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265 Запись в syslog доступна как часть |
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266 <commercial_version>коммерческой подписки</commercial_version>. |
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267 </note> |
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268 </para> |
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269 |
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270 </directive> |
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271 |
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272 |
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273 <directive name="log_format"> |
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274 <syntax> |
271 | 275 <value>название</value> |
276 <value>строка</value> ...</syntax> | |
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277 <default>combined "..."</default> |
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278 <context>http</context> |
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279 |
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280 <para> |
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281 Задаёт формат лога. |
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282 </para> |
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283 |
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284 <para> |
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285 Кроме общих переменных в формате можно использовать переменные, |
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286 существующие только на момент записи в лог: |
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287 <list type="tag"> |
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288 |
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289 <tag-name id="var_bytes_sent"><var>$bytes_sent</var></tag-name> |
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290 <tag-desc> |
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291 число байт, переданное клиенту |
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292 </tag-desc> |
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293 |
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294 <tag-name id="var_connection"><var>$connection</var></tag-name> |
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295 <tag-desc> |
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296 порядковый номер соединения |
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297 </tag-desc> |
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298 |
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299 <tag-name id="var_connection_requests"><var>$connection_requests</var> |
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300 </tag-name> |
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301 <tag-desc> |
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302 текущее число запросов в соединении (1.1.18) |
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303 </tag-desc> |
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304 |
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305 <tag-name id="var_msec"><var>$msec</var></tag-name> |
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306 <tag-desc> |
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307 время в секундах с точностью до миллисекунд на момент записи в лог |
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308 </tag-desc> |
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309 |
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310 <tag-name id="var_pipe"><var>$pipe</var></tag-name> |
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311 <tag-desc> |
271 | 312 “<literal>p</literal>” если запрос был pipelined, иначе “<literal>.</literal>” |
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313 </tag-desc> |
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314 |
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315 <tag-name id="var_request_length"><var>$request_length</var></tag-name> |
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316 <tag-desc> |
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317 длина запроса (включая строку запроса, заголовок и тело запроса) |
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318 </tag-desc> |
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319 |
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320 <tag-name id="var_request_time"><var>$request_time</var></tag-name> |
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321 <tag-desc> |
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322 время обработки запроса в секундах с точностью до миллисекунд; |
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323 время, прошедшее с момента чтения первых байт от клиента до |
451
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324 момента записи в лог после отправки последних байт клиенту |
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325 </tag-desc> |
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326 |
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327 <tag-name id="var_status"><var>$status</var></tag-name> |
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328 <tag-desc> |
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329 статус ответа |
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330 </tag-desc> |
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331 |
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332 <tag-name id="var_time_iso8601"><var>$time_iso8601</var></tag-name> |
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333 <tag-desc> |
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334 локальное время в формате по стандарту ISO 8601 |
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335 </tag-desc> |
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336 |
1155
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Assigned IDs to tags describing variables.
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337 <tag-name id="var_time_local"><var>$time_local</var></tag-name> |
224
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338 <tag-desc> |
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339 локальное время в Common Log Format |
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340 </tag-desc> |
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341 |
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342 </list> |
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343 |
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344 <note> |
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345 В современных версиях nginx переменные |
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346 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_status">$status</link> |
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347 (1.3.2, 1.2.2), |
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348 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_bytes_sent">$bytes_sent</link> |
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Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
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349 (1.3.8, 1.2.5), |
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Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
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350 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_connection">$connection</link> |
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Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
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351 (1.3.8, 1.2.5), |
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Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
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352 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_connection_requests">$connection_requests</link> |
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Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
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353 (1.3.8, 1.2.5), |
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Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
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354 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_msec">$msec</link> |
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Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
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355 (1.3.9, 1.2.6), |
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356 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_request_time">$request_time</link> |
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357 (1.3.9, 1.2.6), |
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358 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_pipe">$pipe</link> |
840
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359 (1.3.12, 1.2.7), |
826
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360 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_request_length">$request_length</link> |
840
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Documented nginx 1.2.7 changes.
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361 (1.3.12, 1.2.7), |
826
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362 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_time_iso8601">$time_iso8601</link> |
840
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Documented nginx 1.2.7 changes.
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363 (1.3.12, 1.2.7) |
826
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364 и |
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Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
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365 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_time_local">$time_local</link> |
840
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Documented nginx 1.2.7 changes.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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|
366 (1.3.12, 1.2.7) |
826
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367 также доступны как общие переменные. |
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368 </note> |
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369 |
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370 </para> |
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|
371 |
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|
372 <para> |
224
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373 Строки заголовка, переданные клиенту, начинаются с префикса |
271 | 374 “<literal>sent_http_</literal>”, например, |
224
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375 <var>$sent_http_content_range</var>. |
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376 </para> |
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|
377 |
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|
378 <para> |
224
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379 В конфигурации всегда существует предопределённый формат |
271 | 380 “<literal>combined</literal>”: |
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|
381 <example> |
351
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382 log_format combined '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] ' |
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383 '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent ' |
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384 '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"'; |
76
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|
385 </example> |
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|
386 </para> |
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|
387 |
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388 </directive> |
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389 |
364 | 390 |
76
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|
391 <directive name="open_log_file_cache"> |
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Russian documentation import.
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|
392 |
224
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393 <syntax> |
271 | 394 <literal>max</literal>=<value>N</value> |
395 [<literal>inactive</literal>=<value>время</value>] | |
396 [<literal>min_uses</literal>=<value>N</value>] | |
397 [<literal>valid</literal>=<value>время</value>]</syntax> | |
398 <syntax><literal>off</literal></syntax> | |
102
c76a257f3fd4
The directive name is now automatically printed in <default> and <syntax>.
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|
399 <default>off</default> |
224
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400 <context>http</context> |
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401 <context>server</context> |
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402 <context>location</context> |
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changeset
|
403 |
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|
404 <para> |
224
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|
405 Задаёт кэш, в котором хранятся дескрипторы файлов часто используемых |
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406 логов, имена которых заданы с использованием переменных. |
76
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|
407 Параметры директивы: |
224
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408 <list type="tag"> |
76
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|
409 |
271 | 410 <tag-name><literal>max</literal></tag-name> |
224
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411 <tag-desc> |
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412 задаёт максимальное число дескрипторов в кэше; |
507 | 413 при переполнении кэша наименее востребованные (LRU) |
224
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|
414 дескрипторы закрываются |
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415 </tag-desc> |
76
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|
416 |
271 | 417 <tag-name><literal>inactive</literal></tag-name> |
224
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418 <tag-desc> |
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419 задаёт время, после которого закэшированный дескриптор закрывается, |
76
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changeset
|
420 если к нему не было обращений в течение этого времени; |
224
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|
421 по умолчанию 10 секунд |
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|
422 </tag-desc> |
76
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|
423 |
271 | 424 <tag-name><literal>min_uses</literal></tag-name> |
224
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|
425 <tag-desc> |
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426 задаёт минимальное число использований файла в течение |
271 | 427 времени, заданного параметром <literal>inactive</literal>, |
224
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428 после которого дескриптор файла будет оставаться открытым в кэше; |
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429 по умолчанию 1 |
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430 </tag-desc> |
76
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changeset
|
431 |
271 | 432 <tag-name><literal>valid</literal></tag-name> |
224
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433 <tag-desc> |
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434 задаёт, через какое время нужно проверять, что файл ещё |
76
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changeset
|
435 существует под тем же именем; |
224
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|
436 по умолчанию 60 секунд |
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|
437 </tag-desc> |
76
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changeset
|
438 |
271 | 439 <tag-name><literal>off</literal></tag-name> |
224
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440 <tag-desc> |
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441 запрещает кэш |
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442 </tag-desc> |
76
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changeset
|
443 |
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Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
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changeset
|
444 </list> |
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Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
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changeset
|
445 </para> |
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Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
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changeset
|
446 |
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Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
447 <para> |
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Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
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changeset
|
448 Пример использования: |
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Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
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changeset
|
449 <example> |
224
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450 open_log_file_cache max=1000 inactive=20s valid=1m min_uses=2; |
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|
451 </example> |
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Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
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|
452 </para> |
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Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
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changeset
|
453 |
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Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
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|
454 </directive> |
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Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
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455 |
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Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
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456 </section> |
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Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
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changeset
|
457 |
4a4caa566120
Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
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changeset
|
458 </module> |