annotate xml/en/docs/http/ngx_http_mp4_module.xml @ 2796:bcdb13e1e8c6

Minor updates to ngx_http_mp4_module module intro.
author Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
date Fri, 12 Nov 2021 20:16:05 +0000
parents 4e20e4f8f49b
children 17ed19394953
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
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2
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3 <!--
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4 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc.
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5 -->
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6
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7 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd">
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8
89
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9 <module name="Module ngx_http_mp4_module"
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10 link="/en/docs/http/ngx_http_mp4_module.html"
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11 lang="en"
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12 rev="8">
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13
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14 <section id="summary">
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16 <para>
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17 The <literal>ngx_http_mp4_module</literal> module provides pseudo-streaming
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18 server-side support for MP4 files.
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19 Such files typically have the <path>.mp4</path>, <path>.m4v</path>,
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20 or <path>.m4a</path> filename extensions.
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21 </para>
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23 <para>
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24 Pseudo-streaming works in alliance with a compatible media player.
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25 The player sends an HTTP request to the server with the start time
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26 specified in the query string argument (named simply
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27 <literal>start</literal>
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28 and specified in seconds), and the server responds with the stream
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29 such that its start position corresponds to the requested time,
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30 for example:
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31 <example>
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32 http://example.com/elephants_dream.mp4?start=238.88
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33 </example>
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34 This allows performing a random seeking at any time, or starting playback
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35 in the middle of the timeline.
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36 </para>
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38 <para>
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39 To support seeking, H.264-based formats store metadata
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40 in a so-called “moov atom”.
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41 It is a part of the file that holds the index information for the
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42 whole file.
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43 </para>
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45 <para>
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46 To start playback, the player first needs to read metadata.
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47 This is done by sending a special request with the
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48 <literal>start=0</literal> argument.
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49 A lot of encoding software insert the metadata at
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50 the end of the file.
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51 This is suboptimal for pseudo-streaming, because the player
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52 has to download the entire file before starting playback.
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53 If the metadata are located at the beginning of the file,
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54 it is enough for nginx to simply start sending back the file contents.
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55 If the metadata are located at the end of the file,
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56 nginx must read the entire file and prepare a new stream so that
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57 the metadata come before the media data.
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58 This involves some CPU, memory, and disk I/O overhead,
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59 so it is a good idea to
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60 <link
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61 url="https://github.com/flowplayer/flowplayer/wiki/7.1.1-video-file-correction">
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62 prepare an original file for pseudo-streaming</link> in advance,
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63 rather than having nginx do this on every such request.
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64 </para>
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66 <para>
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67 The module also supports the <literal>end</literal> argument of an HTTP request
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68 (1.5.13) which sets the end point of playback.
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69 The <literal>end</literal> argument can be specified with the
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70 <literal>start</literal> argument
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71 or separately:
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72 <example>
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73 http://example.com/elephants_dream.mp4?start=238.88&amp;end=555.55
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74 </example>
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75 </para>
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76
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77 <para>
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78 For a matching request with a non-zero
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79 <literal>start</literal> or <literal>end</literal>
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80 argument, nginx will read the metadata from the file, prepare the
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81 stream with the requested time range, and send it to the client.
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82 This has the same overhead as described above.
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83 </para>
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85 <para>
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86 If a matching request does not include the
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87 <literal>start</literal> and <literal>end</literal>
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88 arguments, there is no overhead, and the file is sent simply as a static
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89 resource.
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90 Some players also support byte-range requests, and thus do not require
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91 this module.
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92 </para>
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93
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94 <para>
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95 This module is not built by default, it should be enabled with the
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96 <literal>--with-http_mp4_module</literal>
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97 configuration parameter.
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98 <note>
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99 If a third-party mp4 module was previously used, it should be disabled.
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100 </note>
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101 </para>
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102
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103 <para>
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104 A similar pseudo-streaming support for FLV files is provided by the
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105 <link doc="ngx_http_flv_module.xml">ngx_http_flv_module</link> module.
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106 </para>
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107
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108 </section>
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109
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110
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111 <section id="example" name="Example Configuration">
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112
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113 <para>
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114 <example>
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115 location /video/ {
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116 mp4;
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117 mp4_buffer_size 1m;
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118 mp4_max_buffer_size 5m;
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119 mp4_limit_rate on;
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120 mp4_limit_rate_after 30s;
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121 }
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122 </example>
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123 </para>
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124
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125 </section>
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126
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127
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128 <section id="directives" name="Directives">
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129
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130 <directive name="mp4">
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131 <syntax/>
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132 <default/>
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133 <context>location</context>
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134
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135 <para>
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136 Turns on module processing in a surrounding location.
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137 </para>
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138
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139 </directive>
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140
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141
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142 <directive name="mp4_buffer_size">
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143 <syntax><value>size</value></syntax>
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144 <default>512K</default>
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145 <context>http</context>
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146 <context>server</context>
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147 <context>location</context>
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148
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149 <para>
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150 Sets the initial <value>size</value> of the buffer used for
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151 processing MP4 files.
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152 </para>
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153
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154 </directive>
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155
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156
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157 <directive name="mp4_max_buffer_size">
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158 <syntax><value>size</value></syntax>
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159 <default>10M</default>
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160 <context>http</context>
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161 <context>server</context>
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162 <context>location</context>
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163
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164 <para>
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165 During metadata processing, a larger buffer may become necessary.
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166 Its size cannot exceed the specified <value>size</value>,
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167 or else nginx will return the
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168 <http-status code="500" text="Internal Server Error"/> server error,
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169 and log the following message:
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170 <example>
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171 "/some/movie/file.mp4" mp4 moov atom is too large:
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172 12583268, you may want to increase mp4_max_buffer_size
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173 </example>
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174 </para>
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175
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176 </directive>
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177
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178
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179 <directive name="mp4_limit_rate">
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180 <syntax>
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181 <literal>on</literal> |
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182 <literal>off</literal> |
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183 <value>factor</value></syntax>
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184 <default>off</default>
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185 <context>http</context>
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186 <context>server</context>
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187 <context>location</context>
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188
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189 <para>
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190 Limits the rate of response transmission to a client.
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191 The rate is limited based on the average bitrate of the
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192 MP4 file served.
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193 To calculate the rate, the bitrate is multiplied by the specified
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194 <value>factor</value>.
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195 The special value “<literal>on</literal>” corresponds to the factor of 1.1.
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196 The special value “<literal>off</literal>” disables rate limiting.
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197 The limit is set per a request, and so if a client simultaneously opens
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198 two connections, the overall rate will be twice as much
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199 as the specified limit.
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200 </para>
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201
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202 <para>
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203 <note>
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204 This directive is available as part of our
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205 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>.
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206 </note>
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207 </para>
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208
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209 </directive>
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210
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211
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212 <directive name="mp4_limit_rate_after">
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213 <syntax><value>time</value></syntax>
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214 <default>60s</default>
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215 <context>http</context>
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216 <context>server</context>
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217 <context>location</context>
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218
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219 <para>
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220 Sets the initial amount of media data (measured in playback time)
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221 after which the further transmission of the response to a client
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222 will be rate limited.
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223 </para>
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224
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225 <para>
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226 <note>
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227 This directive is available as part of our
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228 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>.
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229 </note>
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230 </para>
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231
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232 </directive>
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233
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234 </section>
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235
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236 </module>