Mercurial > hg > nginx-site
annotate xml/en/docs/http/ngx_http_mp4_module.xml @ 2896:6bc630596c06
Linux packages: key verification command adjusted.
author | Andrei Belov <defan@nginx.com> |
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date | Mon, 10 Oct 2022 19:43:14 +0400 |
parents | 17ed19394953 |
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rev | line source |
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22 | 1 <?xml version="1.0"?> |
2 | |
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3 <!-- |
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4 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc. |
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5 --> |
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6 |
22 | 7 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd"> |
8 | |
89 | 9 <module name="Module ngx_http_mp4_module" |
22 | 10 link="/en/docs/http/ngx_http_mp4_module.html" |
589 | 11 lang="en" |
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12 rev="9"> |
22 | 13 |
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14 <section id="summary"> |
22 | 15 |
16 <para> | |
966 | 17 The <literal>ngx_http_mp4_module</literal> module provides pseudo-streaming |
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18 server-side support for MP4 files. |
966 | 19 Such files typically have the <path>.mp4</path>, <path>.m4v</path>, |
20 or <path>.m4a</path> filename extensions. | |
22 | 21 </para> |
22 | |
23 <para> | |
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24 Pseudo-streaming works in alliance with a compatible media player. |
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25 The player sends an HTTP request to the server with the start time |
966 | 26 specified in the query string argument (named simply |
271 | 27 <literal>start</literal> |
966 | 28 and specified in seconds), and the server responds with the stream |
29 such that its start position corresponds to the requested time, | |
22 | 30 for example: |
31 <example> | |
32 http://example.com/elephants_dream.mp4?start=238.88 | |
33 </example> | |
966 | 34 This allows performing a random seeking at any time, or starting playback |
35 in the middle of the timeline. | |
22 | 36 </para> |
37 | |
38 <para> | |
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39 To support seeking, H.264-based formats store metadata |
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40 in a so-called “moov atom”. |
22 | 41 It is a part of the file that holds the index information for the |
42 whole file. | |
43 </para> | |
44 | |
45 <para> | |
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46 To start playback, the player first needs to read metadata. |
22 | 47 This is done by sending a special request with the |
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48 <literal>start=0</literal> argument. |
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49 A lot of encoding software insert the metadata at |
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50 the end of the file. |
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51 This is suboptimal for pseudo-streaming, because the player |
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52 has to download the entire file before starting playback. |
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53 If the metadata are located at the beginning of the file, |
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54 it is enough for nginx to simply start sending back the file contents. |
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55 If the metadata are located at the end of the file, |
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56 nginx must read the entire file and prepare a new stream so that |
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57 the metadata come before the media data. |
22 | 58 This involves some CPU, memory, and disk I/O overhead, |
59 so it is a good idea to | |
52
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60 <link |
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61 url="https://github.com/flowplayer/flowplayer/wiki/7.1.1-video-file-correction"> |
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62 prepare an original file for pseudo-streaming</link> in advance, |
22 | 63 rather than having nginx do this on every such request. |
64 </para> | |
65 | |
66 <para> | |
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67 The module also supports the <literal>end</literal> argument of an HTTP request |
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68 (1.5.13) which sets the end point of playback. |
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69 The <literal>end</literal> argument can be specified with the |
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70 <literal>start</literal> argument |
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71 or separately: |
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72 <example> |
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73 http://example.com/elephants_dream.mp4?start=238.88&end=555.55 |
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74 </example> |
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75 </para> |
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76 |
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77 <para> |
22 | 78 For a matching request with a non-zero |
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79 <literal>start</literal> or <literal>end</literal> |
966 | 80 argument, nginx will read the metadata from the file, prepare the |
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81 stream with the requested time range, and send it to the client. |
22 | 82 This has the same overhead as described above. |
83 </para> | |
84 | |
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85 <para id="keyframe"> |
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86 If the <literal>start</literal> argument points to |
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87 a non-key video frame, |
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88 the beginning of such video will be broken. |
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89 To fix this issue, the video |
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90 <link id="mp4_start_key_frame">can</link> be prepended with |
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91 the key frame before <literal>start</literal> point |
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92 and with all intermediate frames between them. |
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93 These frames will be hidden from playback |
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94 using an edit list (1.21.4). |
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95 </para> |
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96 |
22 | 97 <para> |
98 If a matching request does not include the | |
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99 <literal>start</literal> and <literal>end</literal> |
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100 arguments, there is no overhead, and the file is sent simply as a static |
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101 resource. |
22 | 102 Some players also support byte-range requests, and thus do not require |
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103 this module. |
22 | 104 </para> |
105 | |
106 <para> | |
107 This module is not built by default, it should be enabled with the | |
271 | 108 <literal>--with-http_mp4_module</literal> |
22 | 109 configuration parameter. |
110 <note> | |
966 | 111 If a third-party mp4 module was previously used, it should be disabled. |
22 | 112 </note> |
113 </para> | |
114 | |
115 <para> | |
966 | 116 A similar pseudo-streaming support for FLV files is provided by the |
117 <link doc="ngx_http_flv_module.xml">ngx_http_flv_module</link> module. | |
22 | 118 </para> |
119 | |
120 </section> | |
121 | |
122 | |
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123 <section id="example" name="Example Configuration"> |
22 | 124 |
125 <para> | |
126 <example> | |
127 location /video/ { | |
128 mp4; | |
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129 mp4_buffer_size 1m; |
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130 mp4_max_buffer_size 5m; |
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131 mp4_limit_rate on; |
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132 mp4_limit_rate_after 30s; |
22 | 133 } |
134 </example> | |
135 </para> | |
136 | |
137 </section> | |
138 | |
139 | |
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140 <section id="directives" name="Directives"> |
22 | 141 |
142 <directive name="mp4"> | |
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143 <syntax/> |
22 | 144 <default/> |
145 <context>location</context> | |
146 | |
147 <para> | |
148 Turns on module processing in a surrounding location. | |
149 </para> | |
150 | |
151 </directive> | |
152 | |
153 | |
154 <directive name="mp4_buffer_size"> | |
271 | 155 <syntax><value>size</value></syntax> |
102
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156 <default>512K</default> |
22 | 157 <context>http</context> |
158 <context>server</context> | |
159 <context>location</context> | |
160 | |
161 <para> | |
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162 Sets the initial <value>size</value> of the buffer used for |
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163 processing MP4 files. |
22 | 164 </para> |
165 | |
166 </directive> | |
167 | |
168 | |
169 <directive name="mp4_max_buffer_size"> | |
271 | 170 <syntax><value>size</value></syntax> |
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171 <default>10M</default> |
22 | 172 <context>http</context> |
173 <context>server</context> | |
174 <context>location</context> | |
175 | |
176 <para> | |
177 During metadata processing, a larger buffer may become necessary. | |
271 | 178 Its size cannot exceed the specified <value>size</value>, |
966 | 179 or else nginx will return the |
180 <http-status code="500" text="Internal Server Error"/> server error, | |
181 and log the following message: | |
22 | 182 <example> |
183 "/some/movie/file.mp4" mp4 moov atom is too large: | |
184 12583268, you may want to increase mp4_max_buffer_size | |
185 </example> | |
186 </para> | |
187 | |
188 </directive> | |
189 | |
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190 |
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191 <directive name="mp4_limit_rate"> |
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192 <syntax> |
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193 <literal>on</literal> | |
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194 <literal>off</literal> | |
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195 <value>factor</value></syntax> |
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196 <default>off</default> |
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197 <context>http</context> |
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198 <context>server</context> |
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199 <context>location</context> |
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200 |
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201 <para> |
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202 Limits the rate of response transmission to a client. |
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203 The rate is limited based on the average bitrate of the |
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204 MP4 file served. |
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205 To calculate the rate, the bitrate is multiplied by the specified |
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206 <value>factor</value>. |
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207 The special value “<literal>on</literal>” corresponds to the factor of 1.1. |
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208 The special value “<literal>off</literal>” disables rate limiting. |
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209 The limit is set per a request, and so if a client simultaneously opens |
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210 two connections, the overall rate will be twice as much |
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211 as the specified limit. |
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212 </para> |
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213 |
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214 <para> |
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215 <note> |
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216 This directive is available as part of our |
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217 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>. |
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218 </note> |
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219 </para> |
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220 |
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221 </directive> |
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222 |
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223 |
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224 <directive name="mp4_limit_rate_after"> |
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225 <syntax><value>time</value></syntax> |
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226 <default>60s</default> |
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227 <context>http</context> |
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228 <context>server</context> |
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229 <context>location</context> |
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230 |
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231 <para> |
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232 Sets the initial amount of media data (measured in playback time) |
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233 after which the further transmission of the response to a client |
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234 will be rate limited. |
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235 </para> |
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236 |
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237 <para> |
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238 <note> |
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239 This directive is available as part of our |
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240 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>. |
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241 </note> |
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242 </para> |
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243 |
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244 </directive> |
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245 |
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246 |
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247 <directive name="mp4_start_key_frame"> |
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248 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax> |
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249 <default>off</default> |
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250 <context>http</context> |
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251 <context>server</context> |
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252 <context>location</context> |
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253 <appeared-in>1.21.4</appeared-in> |
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254 |
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255 <para> |
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256 Forces output video to always start with a key video frame. |
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257 If the <literal>start</literal> argument does not point to a key frame, |
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258 initial frames are hidden using an mp4 edit list. |
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259 Edit lists are supported by major players and browsers such as |
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260 Chrome, Safari, QuickTime and ffmpeg, |
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261 partially supported by Firefox. |
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262 </para> |
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263 |
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264 </directive> |
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265 |
22 | 266 </section> |
267 | |
268 </module> |