Mercurial > hg > nginx-site
annotate xml/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_mp4_module.xml @ 2022:632f7f467e12
Removed redundant text from links.
author | Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com> |
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date | Thu, 10 Aug 2017 09:46:29 +0300 |
parents | 1594ed379f1f |
children | bcdb13e1e8c6 |
rev | line source |
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Russian translation of ngx_http_mp4_module.
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?> |
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2 |
580
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3 <!-- |
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4 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc. |
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5 --> |
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6 |
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7 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd"> |
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8 |
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9 <module name="Модуль ngx_http_mp4_module" |
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10 link="/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_mp4_module.html" |
589 | 11 lang="ru" |
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12 rev="7"> |
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13 |
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14 <section id="summary"> |
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15 |
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16 <para> |
271 | 17 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_mp4_module</literal> обеспечивает серверную поддержку |
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18 псевдо-стриминга для файлов в формате MP4. |
365 | 19 Такие файлы обычно имеют расширения |
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20 <path>.mp4</path>, <path>.m4v</path> и <path>.m4a</path>. |
87
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21 </para> |
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22 |
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23 <para> |
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24 Псевдо-стриминг работает в паре с совместимым Flash-плеером. |
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25 Плеер посылает серверу HTTP-запрос с указанием точки времени старта |
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26 в аргументе |
271 | 27 <literal>start</literal> |
87
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28 строки запроса (время задаётся в секундах), а сервер в |
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29 ответ посылает поток, у которого начальная позиция соответствует |
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30 запрошенному времени, например: |
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31 <example> |
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32 http://example.com/elephants_dream.mp4?start=238.88 |
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33 </example> |
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34 Это позволяет в любой момент времени выполнить произвольное |
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35 позиционирование, а также начать воспроизведение с середины |
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36 временной шкалы. |
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37 </para> |
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38 |
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39 <para> |
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40 В форматах, основанных на H.264, метаданные, необходимые для поддержки |
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41 позиционирования, хранятся в так называемом “moov-атоме”. |
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42 Это часть файла, которая содержит индексную информацию для всего файла. |
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43 </para> |
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44 |
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45 <para> |
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46 До начала воспроизведения плееру необходимо прочитать метаданные. |
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47 Для этого он отсылает специальный запрос с аргументом |
271 | 48 <literal>start=0</literal>. |
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49 Многие кодирующие программы добавляют метаданные в конец файла. |
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50 Это неоптимально для псевдо-стриминга, поскольку плееру |
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51 потребуется загрузить файл целиком прежде чем начать воспроизведение. |
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52 Если метаданные находятся в начале файла, |
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53 nginx’у достаточно начать отправлять в ответ содержимое файла. |
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54 Если же метаданные находятся в конце файла, |
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55 потребуется прочитать весь |
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56 файл и подготовить новый поток, в котором метаданные предшествуют |
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57 медийным данным. |
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58 Это требует дополнительного процессорного |
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59 времени, памяти и дискового ввода/вывода, поэтому лучше |
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60 заранее <link |
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61 url="http://flowplayer.org/plugins/streaming/pseudostreaming.html#prepare"> |
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62 подготовить исходный файл для псевдо-стриминга</link>, |
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63 нежели делать это для каждого запроса. |
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64 </para> |
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65 |
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66 <para> |
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67 Модуль также поддерживает аргумент <literal>end</literal> HTTP-запроса |
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68 (1.5.13), задающий время окончания воспроизведения потока. |
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69 Аргумент <literal>end</literal> задаётся совместно с |
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70 аргументом <literal>start</literal> |
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71 или самостоятельно: |
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72 <example> |
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73 http://example.com/elephants_dream.mp4?start=238.88&end=555.55 |
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74 </example> |
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75 </para> |
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76 |
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77 <para> |
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78 Для запроса с ненулевыми аргументами |
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79 <literal>start</literal> или <literal>end</literal> |
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80 nginx считывает из файла метаданные, готовит поток с запрошенным |
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81 диапазоном и отправляет его клиенту. |
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82 Это тоже требует дополнительных ресурсов, как указано выше. |
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83 </para> |
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84 |
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85 <para> |
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86 Если запрос, обрабатываемый этим модулем, не содержит аргументов |
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87 <literal>start</literal> и <literal>end</literal>, |
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88 дополнительные ресурсы не тратятся, а файл отсылается непосредственно как |
87
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89 статический ресурс. |
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90 Некоторые плееры также поддерживают запросы с указанием диапазона |
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91 запрашиваемых байт (byte-range requests), для них этот модуль не требуется. |
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92 </para> |
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93 |
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94 <para> |
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95 По умолчанию этот модуль не собирается, его сборку необходимо |
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96 разрешить с помощью конфигурационного параметра |
271 | 97 <literal>--with-http_mp4_module</literal>. |
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98 <note> |
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99 Если ранее использовался сторонний модуль mp4, следует его отключить. |
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100 </note> |
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101 </para> |
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102 |
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103 <para> |
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104 Схожая поддержка псевдо-стриминга для FLV-файлов обеспечивается модулем |
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105 <link doc="ngx_http_flv_module.xml">ngx_http_flv_module</link>. |
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106 </para> |
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107 |
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108 </section> |
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109 |
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110 |
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111 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации"> |
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112 |
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113 <para> |
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114 <example> |
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115 location /video/ { |
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116 mp4; |
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117 mp4_buffer_size 1m; |
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118 mp4_max_buffer_size 5m; |
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119 } |
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120 </example> |
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121 </para> |
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122 |
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123 </section> |
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124 |
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125 |
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126 <section id="directives" name="Директивы"> |
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127 |
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128 <directive name="mp4"> |
102
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129 <syntax/> |
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130 <default/> |
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131 <context>location</context> |
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132 |
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133 <para> |
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134 Включает в содержащем location обработку этим модулем. |
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135 </para> |
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136 |
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137 </directive> |
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138 |
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139 |
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140 <directive name="mp4_buffer_size"> |
271 | 141 <syntax><value>размер</value></syntax> |
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142 <default>512K</default> |
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143 <context>http</context> |
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144 <context>server</context> |
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145 <context>location</context> |
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146 |
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147 <para> |
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148 Задаёт начальный размер буфера, используемого при обработке MP4-файлов. |
87
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149 </para> |
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150 |
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151 </directive> |
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152 |
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153 |
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154 <directive name="mp4_max_buffer_size"> |
271 | 155 <syntax><value>размер</value></syntax> |
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156 <default>10M</default> |
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157 <context>http</context> |
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158 <context>server</context> |
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159 <context>location</context> |
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160 |
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161 <para> |
966 | 162 В ходе обработки метаданных может понадобиться буфер большего размера. |
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163 Его размер не может превышать указанного, |
966 | 164 иначе nginx вернёт серверную ошибку |
87
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165 <http-status code="500" text="Internal Server Error"/> |
966 | 166 и запишет в лог следующее сообщение: |
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167 <example> |
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168 "/some/movie/file.mp4" mp4 moov atom is too large: |
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169 12583268, you may want to increase mp4_max_buffer_size |
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170 </example> |
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171 </para> |
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172 |
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173 </directive> |
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174 |
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175 |
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176 <directive name="mp4_limit_rate"> |
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177 <syntax> |
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178 <literal>on</literal> | |
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179 <literal>off</literal> | |
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180 <value>множитель</value></syntax> |
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181 <default>off</default> |
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182 <context>http</context> |
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183 <context>server</context> |
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184 <context>location</context> |
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185 |
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186 <para> |
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187 Ограничивает скорость передачи ответа клиенту. |
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188 Ограничение основывается на значении усреднённого битрейта запрашиваемого |
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189 MP4-файла. |
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190 Скорость вычисляется умножением битрейта на задаваемый |
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191 <value>множитель</value>. |
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192 Специальное значение “<literal>on</literal>” соответствует множителю 1.1. |
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193 Специальное значение “<literal>off</literal>” отключает ограничение скорости. |
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194 Ограничение устанавливается на запрос, поэтому, если клиент одновременно |
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195 откроет два соединения, суммарная скорость будет вдвое выше |
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196 заданного ограничения. |
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197 </para> |
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198 |
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199 <para> |
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200 <note> |
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201 Директива доступна как часть |
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202 <commercial_version>коммерческой подписки</commercial_version>. |
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203 </note> |
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204 </para> |
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205 |
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206 </directive> |
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207 |
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208 |
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209 <directive name="mp4_limit_rate_after"> |
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210 <syntax><value>время</value></syntax> |
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211 <default>60s</default> |
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212 <context>http</context> |
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213 <context>server</context> |
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214 <context>location</context> |
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215 |
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216 <para> |
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217 Задаёт начальный объём медиаданных (измеряется как время воспроизведения), |
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218 после отправки которого начинает ограничиваться |
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219 скорость передачи ответа клиенту. |
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220 </para> |
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221 |
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222 <para> |
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223 <note> |
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224 Директива доступна как часть |
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225 <commercial_version>коммерческой подписки</commercial_version>. |
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226 </note> |
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227 </para> |
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228 |
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229 </directive> |
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230 |
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231 </section> |
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232 |
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233 </module> |