Mercurial > hg > nginx-site
annotate xml/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_ssl_module.xml @ 574:5e9ff979eac8
Documented debug_points.
author | Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com> |
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date | Mon, 09 Jul 2012 07:00:40 +0000 |
parents | 58dd64aef626 |
children | be54c443235a |
rev | line source |
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222
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Removed redundant encoding specification.
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?> |
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2 |
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3 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd"> |
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4 |
379 | 5 <module name="Модуль ngx_http_ssl_module" |
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6 link="/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_ssl_module.html" |
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7 lang="ru"> |
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8 |
110
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Added proper support for anonymous sections, notably for the summary.
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9 <section id="summary"> |
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10 |
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11 <para> |
379 | 12 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_ssl_module</literal> обеспечивает работу |
13 по протоколу HTTPS. | |
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14 </para> |
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15 |
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16 <para> |
379 | 17 По умолчанию этот модуль не собирается, его сборку необходимо |
18 разрешить с помощью конфигурационного параметра | |
271 | 19 <literal>--with-http_ssl_module</literal>. |
379 | 20 <note> |
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21 Для сборки и работы этого модуля нужна библиотека |
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22 <link url="http://www.openssl.org">OpenSSL</link>. |
379 | 23 </note> |
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24 </para> |
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25 |
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26 </section> |
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27 |
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28 |
379 | 29 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации"> |
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30 |
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31 <para> |
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32 Для уменьшения загрузки процессора рекомендуется |
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33 <list type="bullet"> |
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34 |
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35 <listitem> |
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36 установить число рабочих процессов равным числу процессоров, |
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37 </listitem> |
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38 |
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39 <listitem> |
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40 разрешить keep-alive соединения, |
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41 </listitem> |
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42 |
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43 <listitem> |
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44 включить разделяемый кэш сессий, |
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45 </listitem> |
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46 |
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47 <listitem> |
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48 выключить встроенный кэш сессий |
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49 </listitem> |
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50 |
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51 <listitem> |
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52 и, возможно, увеличить время жизни сессии (по умолчанию 5 минут): |
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53 </listitem> |
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54 |
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55 </list> |
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56 |
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57 <example> |
379 | 58 <emphasis>worker_processes 2;</emphasis> |
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59 |
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60 http { |
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61 |
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62 ... |
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63 |
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64 server { |
379 | 65 listen 443; |
66 <emphasis>keepalive_timeout 70;</emphasis> | |
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67 |
379 | 68 ssl on; |
69 ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; | |
70 ssl_ciphers AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:RC4-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:RC4-MD5; | |
71 ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/cert.pem; | |
72 ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/cert.key; | |
73 <emphasis>ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;</emphasis> | |
74 <emphasis>ssl_session_timeout 10m;</emphasis> | |
76
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75 |
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76 ... |
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77 } |
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78 </example> |
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79 </para> |
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80 |
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81 </section> |
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82 |
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83 |
379 | 84 <section id="directives" name="Директивы"> |
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85 |
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86 <directive name="ssl"> |
271 | 87 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax> |
102
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88 <default>off</default> |
379 | 89 <context>http</context> |
90 <context>server</context> | |
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91 |
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92 <para> |
379 | 93 Разрешает протокол HTTPS для данного виртуального сервера. |
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94 </para> |
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95 |
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96 </directive> |
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97 |
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98 |
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99 <directive name="ssl_certificate"> |
102
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100 <syntax><value>файл</value></syntax> |
99
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101 <default/> |
379 | 102 <context>http</context> |
103 <context>server</context> | |
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104 |
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105 <para> |
379 | 106 Указывает файл с сертификатом в формате PEM |
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107 для данного виртуального сервера. |
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108 Если вместе с основным сертификатом нужно указать промежуточные, |
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109 то они должны находиться в этом же файле в следующем порядке — сначала |
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110 основной сертификат, а затем промежуточные. |
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111 В этом же файле может находиться секретный ключ в формате PEM. |
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112 </para> |
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113 |
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114 <para> |
280 | 115 Нужно иметь в виду, что из-за ограничения протокола HTTPS |
379 | 116 виртуальные серверы должны слушать на разных IP-адресах: |
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117 <example> |
379 | 118 server { |
119 listen 192.168.1.1:443; | |
120 server_name one.example.com; | |
121 ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/one.example.com.cert; | |
122 ... | |
123 } | |
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124 |
379 | 125 server { |
126 listen 192.168.1.2:443; | |
127 server_name two.example.com; | |
128 ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/two.example.com.cert; | |
129 ... | |
130 } | |
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131 </example> |
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132 иначе для второго сайта будет выдаваться |
379 | 133 <link doc="configuring_https_servers.xml" |
134 id="name_based_https_servers">сертификат первого сервера</link>. | |
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135 </para> |
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136 |
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137 </directive> |
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138 |
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139 |
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140 <directive name="ssl_certificate_key"> |
102
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141 <syntax><value>файл</value></syntax> |
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142 <default/> |
379 | 143 <context>http</context> |
144 <context>server</context> | |
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145 |
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146 <para> |
379 | 147 Указывает файл с секретным ключом в формате PEM |
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148 для данного виртуального сервера. |
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149 </para> |
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150 |
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151 </directive> |
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152 |
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153 |
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154 <directive name="ssl_ciphers"> |
102
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155 <syntax><value>шифры</value></syntax> |
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156 <default>HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5</default> |
379 | 157 <context>http</context> |
158 <context>server</context> | |
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159 |
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160 <para> |
379 | 161 Описывает разрешённые шифры. |
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162 Шифры задаются в формате, поддерживаемом библиотекой |
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163 OpenSSL, например: |
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164 <example> |
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165 ssl_ciphers ALL:!aNULL:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP; |
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166 </example> |
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167 </para> |
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168 |
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169 <para> |
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170 Полный список можно посмотреть с помощью команды |
271 | 171 “<command>openssl ciphers</command>”. |
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172 </para> |
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173 |
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174 <para> |
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175 <note> |
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176 В предыдущих версиях nginx по умолчанию использовались |
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177 <link doc="configuring_https_servers.xml" id="compatibility">другие</link> |
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178 шифры. |
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179 </note> |
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180 </para> |
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181 |
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182 </directive> |
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183 |
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184 |
379 | 185 <directive name="ssl_client_certificate"> |
186 <syntax><value>файл</value></syntax> | |
187 <default/> | |
188 <context>http</context> | |
189 <context>server</context> | |
190 | |
191 <para> | |
192 Указывает файл с сертификатами CA в формате PEM, используемыми для | |
193 для проверки клиентских сертификатов. | |
194 </para> | |
195 | |
196 </directive> | |
197 | |
198 | |
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199 <directive name="ssl_crl"> |
102
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200 <syntax><value>файл</value></syntax> |
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201 <default/> |
379 | 202 <context>http</context> |
203 <context>server</context> | |
204 <appeared-in>0.8.7</appeared-in> | |
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205 |
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206 <para> |
379 | 207 Указывает файл с отозванными сертификатами (CRL) |
208 в формате PEM, используемыми для проверки клиентских сертификатов. | |
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209 </para> |
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210 |
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211 </directive> |
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212 |
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213 |
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214 <directive name="ssl_dhparam"> |
102
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215 <syntax><value>файл</value></syntax> |
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216 <default/> |
379 | 217 <context>http</context> |
218 <context>server</context> | |
219 <appeared-in>0.7.2</appeared-in> | |
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220 |
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221 <para> |
379 | 222 Указывает файл с параметрами для шифров с обменом EDH-ключами. |
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223 </para> |
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224 |
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225 </directive> |
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226 |
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227 |
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228 <directive name="ssl_prefer_server_ciphers"> |
271 | 229 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax> |
102
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230 <default>off</default> |
379 | 231 <context>http</context> |
232 <context>server</context> | |
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233 |
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234 <para> |
379 | 235 Указывает, чтобы при использовании протоколов SSLv3 и TLS |
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236 серверные шифры были более приоритетны, чем клиентские. |
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237 </para> |
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238 |
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239 </directive> |
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240 |
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241 |
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242 <directive name="ssl_protocols"> |
314
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243 <syntax> |
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244 [<literal>SSLv2</literal>] |
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245 [<literal>SSLv3</literal>] |
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246 [<literal>TLSv1</literal>] |
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247 [<literal>TLSv1.1</literal>] |
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248 [<literal>TLSv1.2</literal>]</syntax> |
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249 <default>SSLv3 TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2</default> |
379 | 250 <context>http</context> |
251 <context>server</context> | |
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252 |
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253 <para> |
379 | 254 Разрешает указанные протоколы. |
314
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255 Параметры <literal>TLSv1.1</literal> и <literal>TLSv1.2</literal> работают |
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256 только при использовании библиотеки OpenSSL версии 1.0.1 и выше. |
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257 <note> |
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258 Параметры <literal>TLSv1.1</literal> и <literal>TLSv1.2</literal> поддерживаются |
393
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259 только начиная с версий 1.1.13 и 1.0.12, |
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260 поэтому при использовании OpenSSL версии 1.0.1 |
314
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261 и выше на старых версиях nginx эти протоколы работать будут, однако их нельзя |
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262 будет отключить. |
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263 </note> |
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264 </para> |
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265 |
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266 </directive> |
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267 |
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268 |
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269 <directive name="ssl_session_cache"> |
271 | 270 <syntax> |
379 | 271 <literal>off</literal> | |
272 <literal>none</literal> | | |
273 [<literal>builtin</literal>[:<value>размер</value>]] | |
274 [<literal>shared</literal>:<value>название</value>:<value>размер</value>]</syntax> | |
102
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275 <default>none</default> |
379 | 276 <context>http</context> |
277 <context>server</context> | |
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278 |
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279 <para> |
379 | 280 Задаёт тип и размеры кэшей для хранения параметров сессий. |
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281 Тип кэша может быть следующим: |
379 | 282 <list type="tag"> |
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283 |
379 | 284 <tag-name><literal>off</literal></tag-name> |
285 <tag-desc> | |
286 жёсткое запрещение использования кэша сессий: | |
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287 nginx явно говорит клиенту, что сессии не могут использоваться повторно. |
379 | 288 </tag-desc> |
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289 |
379 | 290 <tag-name><literal>none</literal></tag-name> |
291 <tag-desc> | |
292 мягкое запрещение использования кэша сессий: | |
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293 nginx говорит клиенту, что сессии могут использоваться повторно, но |
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294 на самом деле не используются. |
379 | 295 </tag-desc> |
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296 |
379 | 297 <tag-name><literal>builtin</literal></tag-name> |
298 <tag-desc> | |
299 встроенный в OpenSSL кэш, используется в рамках только одного рабочего процесса. | |
300 Размер кэша задаётся в сессиях. | |
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301 Если размер не задан, то он равен 20480 сессиям. |
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302 Использование встроенного кэша может вести к фрагментации памяти. |
379 | 303 </tag-desc> |
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304 |
379 | 305 <tag-name><literal>shared</literal></tag-name> |
306 <tag-desc> | |
307 разделяемый между всеми рабочими процессами. | |
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308 Размер кэша задаётся в байтах, в 1 мегабайт может поместиться |
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309 около 4000 сессий. |
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310 У каждого разделяемого кэша должно быть произвольное название. |
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311 Кэш с одинаковым названием может использоваться в нескольких |
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312 виртуальных серверах. |
379 | 313 </tag-desc> |
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314 |
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315 </list> |
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316 </para> |
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317 |
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318 <para> |
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319 Можно использовать одновременно оба типа кэша, например: |
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320 <example> |
379 | 321 ssl_session_cache builtin:1000 shared:SSL:10m; |
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322 </example> |
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323 однако использование только разделяемого кэша без встроенного должно |
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324 быть более эффективным. |
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325 </para> |
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326 |
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327 </directive> |
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328 |
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329 |
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330 <directive name="ssl_session_timeout"> |
102
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331 <syntax><value>время</value></syntax> |
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332 <default>5m</default> |
379 | 333 <context>http</context> |
334 <context>server</context> | |
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335 |
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336 <para> |
379 | 337 Задаёт время, в течение которого клиент может повторно |
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338 использовать параметры сессии, хранящейся в кэше. |
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339 </para> |
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340 |
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341 </directive> |
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342 |
379 | 343 |
344 <directive name="ssl_verify_client"> | |
345 <syntax> | |
346 <literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal> | | |
347 <literal>optional</literal></syntax> | |
348 <default>off</default> | |
349 <context>http</context> | |
350 <context>server</context> | |
351 | |
352 <para> | |
353 Разрешает проверку клиентских сертификатов. | |
354 Параметр <literal>optional</literal> (0.8.7+) запрашивает сертификат клиента | |
355 и проверяет его, если он предоставлен. | |
356 Результат проверки можно узнать в переменной <var>$ssl_client_verify</var>. | |
357 </para> | |
358 | |
359 </directive> | |
360 | |
361 | |
362 <directive name="ssl_verify_depth"> | |
363 <syntax><value>число</value></syntax> | |
364 <default>1</default> | |
365 <context>http</context> | |
366 <context>server</context> | |
367 | |
368 <para> | |
369 Устанавливает глубину проверки в цепочке клиентских сертификатов. | |
370 </para> | |
371 | |
372 </directive> | |
373 | |
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374 </section> |
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375 |
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376 |
379 | 377 <section id="errors" name="Обработка ошибок"> |
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378 |
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379 <para> |
379 | 380 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_ssl_module</literal> поддерживает несколько |
381 нестандартных кодов ошибок, которые можно использовать для | |
382 перенаправления с помощью директивы | |
106
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383 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="error_page"/>: |
379 | 384 <list type="tag"> |
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385 |
379 | 386 <tag-name>495</tag-name> |
387 <tag-desc> | |
388 при проверке клиентского сертификата произошла ошибка; | |
389 </tag-desc> | |
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390 |
379 | 391 <tag-name>496</tag-name> |
392 <tag-desc> | |
393 клиент не предоставил требуемый сертификат; | |
394 </tag-desc> | |
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395 |
379 | 396 <tag-name>497</tag-name> |
397 <tag-desc> | |
398 обычный запрос был послан на порт HTTPS. | |
399 </tag-desc> | |
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400 |
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401 </list> |
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402 </para> |
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403 |
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404 <para> |
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405 Перенаправление делается после того, как запрос полностью разобран |
379 | 406 и доступны такие переменные, как <var>$request_uri</var>, |
407 <var>$uri</var>, <var>$args</var> и прочие. | |
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408 </para> |
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409 |
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410 </section> |
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411 |
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412 |
379 | 413 <section id="variables" name="Встроенные переменные"> |
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414 |
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415 <para> |
379 | 416 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_ssl_module</literal> поддерживает |
417 несколько встроенных переменных: | |
418 <list type="tag"> | |
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419 |
379 | 420 <tag-name><var>$ssl_cipher</var></tag-name> |
421 <tag-desc> | |
422 возвращает строку используемых шифров для установленного SSL-соединения; | |
423 </tag-desc> | |
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424 |
379 | 425 <tag-name><var>$ssl_client_cert</var></tag-name> |
426 <tag-desc> | |
427 возвращает клиентский сертификат | |
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428 для установленного SSL-соединения в формате PEM |
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429 перед каждой строкой которого, кроме первой, вставляется символ табуляции; |
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430 предназначена для использования в директиве |
379 | 431 <link doc="ngx_http_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_set_header"/>; |
432 </tag-desc> | |
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433 |
379 | 434 <tag-name><var>$ssl_client_raw_cert</var></tag-name> |
435 <tag-desc> | |
436 возвращает клиентский сертификат | |
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437 для установленного SSL-соединения в формате PEM; |
379 | 438 </tag-desc> |
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439 |
379 | 440 <tag-name><var>$ssl_client_serial</var></tag-name> |
441 <tag-desc> | |
442 возвращает серийный номер клиентского сертификата | |
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443 для установленного SSL-соединения; |
379 | 444 </tag-desc> |
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445 |
379 | 446 <tag-name><var>$ssl_client_s_dn</var></tag-name> |
447 <tag-desc> | |
448 возвращает строку “subject DN” клиентского сертификата | |
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449 для установленного SSL-соединения; |
379 | 450 </tag-desc> |
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451 |
379 | 452 <tag-name><var>$ssl_client_i_dn</var></tag-name> |
453 <tag-desc> | |
454 возвращает строку “issuer DN” клиентского сертификата | |
455 для установленного SSL-соединения; | |
456 </tag-desc> | |
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457 |
379 | 458 <tag-name><var>$ssl_client_verify</var></tag-name> |
459 <tag-desc> | |
460 возвращает результат проверки клиентского сертификата: | |
461 “<literal>SUCCESS</literal>”, “<literal>FAILED</literal>” и, | |
462 если сертификат не был предоставлен — “<literal>NONE</literal>”; | |
463 </tag-desc> | |
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464 |
379 | 465 <tag-name><var>$ssl_protocol</var></tag-name> |
466 <tag-desc> | |
467 возвращает протокол установленного SSL-соединения; | |
468 </tag-desc> | |
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469 |
379 | 470 <tag-name><var>$ssl_session_id</var></tag-name> |
471 <tag-desc> | |
472 возвращает идентификатор сессии установленного SSL-соединения. | |
473 </tag-desc> | |
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474 |
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475 </list> |
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476 </para> |
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477 |
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478 </section> |
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479 |
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480 </module> |