Mercurial > hg > nginx-site
annotate xml/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_log_module.xml @ 1644:52033e4b0063
Fixed a link to the auth request module.
author | Valentin Bartenev <vbart@nginx.com> |
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date | Thu, 21 Jan 2016 14:42:36 +0300 |
parents | 4e89518a5999 |
children | 080b36ad8d76 |
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?> |
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2 |
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3 <!-- |
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4 Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev |
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5 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc. |
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6 --> |
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7 |
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8 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd"> |
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9 |
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10 <module name="Модуль ngx_http_log_module" |
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11 link="/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_log_module.html" |
589 | 12 lang="ru" |
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13 rev="14"> |
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14 |
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15 <section id="summary"> |
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16 |
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17 <para> |
271 | 18 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_log_module</literal> записывает логи запросов |
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19 в указанном формате. |
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20 </para> |
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21 |
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22 <para> |
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23 Логи записываются в контексте location’а, где заканчивается обработка. |
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24 Это может быть location, отличный от первоначального, если в процессе |
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25 обработки запроса происходит |
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26 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="internal">внутреннее |
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27 перенаправление</link>. |
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28 </para> |
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29 |
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30 </section> |
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31 |
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32 |
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33 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации"> |
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34 |
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35 <para> |
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36 <example> |
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37 log_format compression '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] ' |
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38 '"$request" $status $bytes_sent ' |
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39 '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$gzip_ratio"'; |
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40 |
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41 access_log /spool/logs/nginx-access.log compression buffer=32k; |
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42 </example> |
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43 </para> |
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44 |
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45 </section> |
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46 |
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47 |
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48 <section id="directives" name="Директивы"> |
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49 |
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50 <directive name="access_log"> |
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51 <syntax> |
364 | 52 <value>путь</value> |
53 [<value>формат</value> | |
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54 [<literal>buffer</literal>=<value>размер</value> |
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55 [<literal>flush</literal>=<value>время</value>]] |
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56 [<literal>if</literal>=<value>условие</value>]]</syntax> |
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57 <syntax> |
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58 <value>путь</value> |
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59 <value>формат</value> |
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60 <literal>gzip[=<value>степень</value>]</literal> |
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61 [<literal>buffer</literal>=<value>размер</value>] |
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62 [<literal>flush</literal>=<value>время</value>] |
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63 [<literal>if</literal>=<value>условие</value>]</syntax> |
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64 <syntax> |
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65 <literal>syslog:</literal><literal>server</literal>=<value>адрес</value>[,<value>параметр</value>=<value>значение</value>] |
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66 [<value>формат</value> |
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67 [<literal>if</literal>=<value>условие</value>]]</syntax> |
271 | 68 <syntax><literal>off</literal></syntax> |
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69 <default>logs/access.log combined</default> |
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70 <context>http</context> |
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71 <context>server</context> |
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72 <context>location</context> |
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73 <context>if в location</context> |
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74 <context>limit_except</context> |
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75 |
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76 <para> |
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77 Задаёт путь, формат и настройки буферизованной записи в лог. |
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78 На одном уровне может использоваться несколько логов. |
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79 Запись в <link doc="../syslog.xml">syslog</link> |
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80 настраивается указанием префикса |
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81 “<literal>syslog:</literal>” в первом параметре. |
271 | 82 Специальное значение <literal>off</literal> отменяет все директивы |
83 <literal>access_log</literal> для текущего уровня. | |
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84 Если формат не указан, то используется предопределённый формат |
271 | 85 “<literal>combined</literal>”. |
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86 </para> |
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87 |
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88 <para> |
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89 Если задан размер буфера с помощью параметра <literal>buffer</literal> или |
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90 указан параметр <literal>gzip</literal> (1.3.10, 1.2.7), то запись будет |
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91 буферизованной. |
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92 <note> |
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93 Размер буфера должен быть не больше размера атомарной записи в дисковый файл. |
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94 Для FreeBSD этот размер неограничен. |
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95 </note> |
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96 </para> |
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97 |
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98 <para> |
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99 При включённой буферизации данные записываются в файл: |
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100 <list type="bullet"> |
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101 |
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102 <listitem> |
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103 если очередная строка лога не помещается в буфер; |
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104 </listitem> |
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105 |
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106 <listitem> |
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107 если данные в буфере находятся дольше интервала времени, заданного |
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108 параметром <literal>flush</literal> (1.3.10, 1.2.7); |
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109 </listitem> |
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110 |
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111 <listitem> |
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112 при <link doc="../control.xml">переоткрытии</link> лог-файла или |
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113 завершении рабочего процесса. |
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114 </listitem> |
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115 |
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116 </list> |
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117 </para> |
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118 |
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119 <para> |
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120 Если задан параметр <literal>gzip</literal>, то буфер будет сжиматься перед |
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121 записью в файл. |
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122 Степень сжатия может быть задана в диапазоне от 1 (быстрее, но хуже сжатие) |
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123 до 9 (медленнее, но лучше сжатие). |
966 | 124 По умолчанию используются буфер размером 64К байт и степень сжатия 1. |
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125 Данные сжимаются атомарными блоками, и в любой момент времени лог-файл может |
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126 быть распакован или прочитан с помощью утилиты “<literal>zcat</literal>”. |
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127 </para> |
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128 |
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129 <para> |
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130 Пример: |
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131 <example> |
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132 access_log /path/to/log.gz combined gzip flush=5m; |
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133 </example> |
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134 </para> |
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135 |
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136 <para> |
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137 <note> |
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138 Для поддержки gzip-сжатия логов nginx должен быть собран с библиотекой zlib. |
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139 </note> |
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140 </para> |
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141 |
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142 <para> |
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143 В пути файла можно использовать переменные (0.7.6+), |
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144 но такие логи имеют некоторые ограничения: |
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145 <list type="bullet"> |
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146 |
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147 <listitem> |
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148 <link doc="../ngx_core_module.xml" id="user">пользователь</link>, |
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149 с правами которого работают рабочие процессы, должен |
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150 иметь права на создание файлов в каталоге с такими логами; |
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151 </listitem> |
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152 |
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153 <listitem> |
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154 не работает буферизация; |
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155 </listitem> |
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156 |
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157 <listitem> |
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158 файл открывается для каждой записи в лог и сразу же после записи закрывается. |
224
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159 Следует однако иметь в виду, что поскольку дескрипторы часто используемых файлов |
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160 могут храниться в <link id="open_log_file_cache">кэше</link>, |
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161 то при вращении логов в течение времени, заданного параметром |
271 | 162 <literal>valid</literal> директивы <link id="open_log_file_cache"/>, |
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163 запись может продолжаться в старый файл. |
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164 </listitem> |
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165 |
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166 <listitem> |
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167 при каждой записи в лог проверяется существование |
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168 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="root">корневого каталога</link> |
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169 для запроса — если этот каталог не существует, то лог не создаётся. |
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170 Поэтому <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="root"/> |
271 | 171 и <literal>access_log</literal> нужно описывать на одном уровне: |
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172 <example> |
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173 server { |
224
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174 root /spool/vhost/data/$host; |
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175 access_log /spool/vhost/logs/$host; |
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176 ... |
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177 </example> |
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178 </listitem> |
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179 |
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180 </list> |
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181 </para> |
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182 |
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183 <para> |
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184 Параметр <literal>if</literal> (1.7.0) включает условную запись в лог. |
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185 Запрос не будет записываться в лог, если результатом вычисления |
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186 <value>условия</value> является “0” или пустая строка. |
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187 В следующем примере запросы с кодами ответа 2xx и 3xx |
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188 не будут записываться в лог: |
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189 <example> |
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190 map $status $loggable { |
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191 ~^[23] 0; |
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192 default 1; |
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193 } |
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194 |
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195 access_log /path/to/access.log combined if=$loggable; |
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196 </example> |
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197 </para> |
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198 |
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199 </directive> |
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200 |
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201 |
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202 <directive name="log_format"> |
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203 <syntax> |
271 | 204 <value>название</value> |
205 <value>строка</value> ...</syntax> | |
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206 <default>combined "..."</default> |
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207 <context>http</context> |
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208 |
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209 <para> |
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210 Задаёт формат лога. |
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211 </para> |
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212 |
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213 <para> |
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214 Кроме общих переменных в формате можно использовать переменные, |
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215 существующие только на момент записи в лог: |
224
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216 <list type="tag"> |
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217 |
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218 <tag-name id="var_bytes_sent"><var>$bytes_sent</var></tag-name> |
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219 <tag-desc> |
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220 число байт, переданное клиенту |
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221 </tag-desc> |
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222 |
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223 <tag-name id="var_connection"><var>$connection</var></tag-name> |
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224 <tag-desc> |
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225 порядковый номер соединения |
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226 </tag-desc> |
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227 |
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228 <tag-name id="var_connection_requests"><var>$connection_requests</var> |
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229 </tag-name> |
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230 <tag-desc> |
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231 текущее число запросов в соединении (1.1.18) |
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232 </tag-desc> |
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233 |
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234 <tag-name id="var_msec"><var>$msec</var></tag-name> |
224
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235 <tag-desc> |
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236 время в секундах с точностью до миллисекунд на момент записи в лог |
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237 </tag-desc> |
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238 |
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239 <tag-name id="var_pipe"><var>$pipe</var></tag-name> |
224
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240 <tag-desc> |
271 | 241 “<literal>p</literal>” если запрос был pipelined, иначе “<literal>.</literal>” |
224
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242 </tag-desc> |
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243 |
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244 <tag-name id="var_request_length"><var>$request_length</var></tag-name> |
224
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245 <tag-desc> |
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246 длина запроса (включая строку запроса, заголовок и тело запроса) |
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247 </tag-desc> |
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248 |
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249 <tag-name id="var_request_time"><var>$request_time</var></tag-name> |
224
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250 <tag-desc> |
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251 время обработки запроса в секундах с точностью до миллисекунд; |
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252 время, прошедшее с момента чтения первых байт от клиента до |
451
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253 момента записи в лог после отправки последних байт клиенту |
224
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254 </tag-desc> |
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255 |
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256 <tag-name id="var_status"><var>$status</var></tag-name> |
224
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257 <tag-desc> |
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258 статус ответа |
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259 </tag-desc> |
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260 |
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261 <tag-name id="var_time_iso8601"><var>$time_iso8601</var></tag-name> |
224
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262 <tag-desc> |
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263 локальное время в формате по стандарту ISO 8601 |
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264 </tag-desc> |
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265 |
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266 <tag-name id="var_time_local"><var>$time_local</var></tag-name> |
224
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267 <tag-desc> |
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268 локальное время в Common Log Format |
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269 </tag-desc> |
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270 |
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271 </list> |
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272 |
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273 <note> |
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274 В современных версиях nginx переменные |
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275 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_status">$status</link> |
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276 (1.3.2, 1.2.2), |
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277 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_bytes_sent">$bytes_sent</link> |
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278 (1.3.8, 1.2.5), |
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279 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_connection">$connection</link> |
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280 (1.3.8, 1.2.5), |
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281 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_connection_requests">$connection_requests</link> |
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282 (1.3.8, 1.2.5), |
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283 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_msec">$msec</link> |
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284 (1.3.9, 1.2.6), |
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285 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_request_time">$request_time</link> |
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286 (1.3.9, 1.2.6), |
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287 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_pipe">$pipe</link> |
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288 (1.3.12, 1.2.7), |
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289 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_request_length">$request_length</link> |
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290 (1.3.12, 1.2.7), |
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291 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_time_iso8601">$time_iso8601</link> |
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292 (1.3.12, 1.2.7) |
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293 и |
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294 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_time_local">$time_local</link> |
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295 (1.3.12, 1.2.7) |
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296 также доступны как общие переменные. |
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297 </note> |
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298 |
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299 </para> |
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300 |
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301 <para> |
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302 Строки заголовка, переданные клиенту, начинаются с префикса |
271 | 303 “<literal>sent_http_</literal>”, например, |
224
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304 <var>$sent_http_content_range</var>. |
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305 </para> |
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306 |
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307 <para> |
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308 В конфигурации всегда существует предопределённый формат |
271 | 309 “<literal>combined</literal>”: |
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310 <example> |
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311 log_format combined '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] ' |
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312 '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent ' |
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313 '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"'; |
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314 </example> |
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315 </para> |
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316 |
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317 </directive> |
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318 |
364 | 319 |
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320 <directive name="open_log_file_cache"> |
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321 |
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322 <syntax> |
271 | 323 <literal>max</literal>=<value>N</value> |
324 [<literal>inactive</literal>=<value>время</value>] | |
325 [<literal>min_uses</literal>=<value>N</value>] | |
326 [<literal>valid</literal>=<value>время</value>]</syntax> | |
327 <syntax><literal>off</literal></syntax> | |
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328 <default>off</default> |
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329 <context>http</context> |
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330 <context>server</context> |
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331 <context>location</context> |
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332 |
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333 <para> |
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334 Задаёт кэш, в котором хранятся дескрипторы файлов часто используемых |
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335 логов, имена которых заданы с использованием переменных. |
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336 Параметры директивы: |
224
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337 <list type="tag"> |
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338 |
271 | 339 <tag-name><literal>max</literal></tag-name> |
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340 <tag-desc> |
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341 задаёт максимальное число дескрипторов в кэше; |
507 | 342 при переполнении кэша наименее востребованные (LRU) |
224
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343 дескрипторы закрываются |
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344 </tag-desc> |
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345 |
271 | 346 <tag-name><literal>inactive</literal></tag-name> |
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347 <tag-desc> |
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348 задаёт время, после которого закэшированный дескриптор закрывается, |
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349 если к нему не было обращений в течение этого времени; |
224
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350 по умолчанию 10 секунд |
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351 </tag-desc> |
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352 |
271 | 353 <tag-name><literal>min_uses</literal></tag-name> |
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354 <tag-desc> |
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355 задаёт минимальное число использований файла в течение |
271 | 356 времени, заданного параметром <literal>inactive</literal>, |
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357 после которого дескриптор файла будет оставаться открытым в кэше; |
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358 по умолчанию 1 |
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359 </tag-desc> |
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360 |
271 | 361 <tag-name><literal>valid</literal></tag-name> |
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362 <tag-desc> |
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363 задаёт, через какое время нужно проверять, что файл ещё |
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364 существует под тем же именем; |
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365 по умолчанию 60 секунд |
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366 </tag-desc> |
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367 |
271 | 368 <tag-name><literal>off</literal></tag-name> |
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369 <tag-desc> |
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370 запрещает кэш |
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371 </tag-desc> |
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372 |
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373 </list> |
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374 </para> |
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375 |
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376 <para> |
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377 Пример использования: |
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378 <example> |
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379 open_log_file_cache max=1000 inactive=20s valid=1m min_uses=2; |
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380 </example> |
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381 </para> |
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382 |
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383 </directive> |
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384 |
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385 </section> |
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386 |
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387 </module> |