Mercurial > hg > nginx-site

annotate xml/cn/docs/http/request_processing.xml @ 593:130fad6dc1b4

Find changesets by keywords (author, files, the commit message), revision number or hash, or revset expression.
Replaced the uses of "url" element with "literal".
author Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
date Thu, 19 Jul 2012 05:17:45 +0000
parents 149f54c158f0
children 9934338f83af
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
rev   line source
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
1 <!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/article.dtd">
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
2
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
3 <article name="Nginx如何处理一个请求"
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
4 link="/cn/docs/http/request_processing.html"
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
5 lang="cn"
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
6 author="Igor Sysoev"
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
7 editor="Brian Mercer">
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
8
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
9
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
10 <section name="基于名字的虚拟主机">
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
11
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
12 <para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
13 Nginx首先选定由哪一个<i>虚拟主机</i>来处理请求。让我们从一个简单的配置（其中全部3个虚拟主机都在端口*：80上监听）开始：
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
14
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
15 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
16 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
17 listen 80;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
18 server_name nginx.org www.nginx.org;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
19 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
20 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
21
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
22 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
23 listen 80;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
24 server_name nginx.net www.nginx.net;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
25 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
26 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
27
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
28 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
29 listen 80;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
30 server_name nginx.com www.nginx.com;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
31 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
32 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
33 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
34 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
35
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
36 <para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
37 在这个配置中，nginx仅仅检查请求的Host头以决定该请求应由哪个虚拟主机来处理。如果Host头没有匹配到任意一个主机名，或者请求中根本没有包含这个头，那nginx会将这个请求分发到默认的虚拟主机。在以上配置中，第一个被列出的虚拟主机即nginx的默认虚拟主机——这是nginx的标准默认行为。如果不想第一个虚拟主机成为默认主机，可以显式地在"<literal>listen</literal>"指令中设置"<literal>default_server</literal>"参数：
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
38
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
39 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
40 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
41 listen 80 <b>default_server</b>;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
42 server_name nginx.net www.nginx.net;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
43 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
44 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
45 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
46
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
47 <note>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
48 "<literal>default_server</literal>"参数从0.8.21版开始使用。在之前的版本中，需要使用"<literal>default</literal>"参数代替。
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
49 </note>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
50
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
51 请注意"<literal>default_server</literal>"是监听端口的属性，而不是主机名的属性。后面会对此有更多介绍。
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
52 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
53
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
54 </section>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
55
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
56
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
57 <section id="how_to_prevent_undefined_server_names"
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
58 name="如何防止处理未定义主机名的请求">
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
59
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
60 <para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
61 如果不想处理未定义<header>Host</header>头的请求，可以定义如下主机，以丢弃这些请求：
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
62
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
63 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
64 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
65 listen 80;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
66 server_name "";
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
67 return 444;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
68 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
69 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
70
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
71 在这里，我们设置主机名为空字符串以匹配未定义<header>Host</header>头的请求，而且返回了一个nginx特有的，非http标准的返回码444，它可以用来关闭连接。从0.8.48版本开始，这已成为主机名的默认设置，所以<literal>server_name ""</literal>可以省略。而之前的版本使用机器的<i>hostname</i>作为默认主机名。
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
72 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
73
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
74 </section>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
75
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
76
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
77 <section id="mixed_name_ip_based_servers"
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
78 name="基于域名和IP混合的虚拟主机">
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
79
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
80 <para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
81 下面让我们来看一个复杂点的配置，在这个配置里，有几个虚拟主机在不同的地址上监听：
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
82
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
83 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
84 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
85 listen 192.168.1.1:80;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
86 server_name nginx.org www.nginx.org;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
87 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
88 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
89
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
90 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
91 listen 192.168.1.1:80;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
92 server_name nginx.net www.nginx.net;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
93 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
94 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
95
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
96 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
97 listen 192.168.1.2:80;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
98 server_name nginx.com www.nginx.com;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
99 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
100 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
101 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
102
593
130fad6dc1b4 Replaced the uses of "url" element with "literal".
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 558
diff changeset
103 这个配置中，nginx根据"<literal>server</literal>"配置块中的"<literal>listen</literal>"指令首先测试请求的IP地址和端口是否匹配某个定义的值。如果匹配成功，则继续测试请求的Host头是否匹配这个块中的"<literal>server_name</literal>"的值。如果主机名匹配失败，这个请求将被交给默认的虚拟主机处理。例如，一个从192.168.1.1:80端口收到的访问<literal>www.nginx.com</literal>的请求将被监听192.168.1.1:80端口的默认服务器处理，本例中就是第一个服务器，因为这个端口上没有定义域名为<literal>www.nginx.com</literal>的服务器。
558
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
104 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
105
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
106 <para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
107 之前已经提到默认服务器是监听端口的属性，所以不同的监听端口可以设置不同的默认服务器：
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
108
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
109 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
110 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
111 listen 192.168.1.1:80;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
112 server_name nginx.org www.nginx.org;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
113 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
114 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
115
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
116 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
117 listen 192.168.1.1:80 default_server;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
118 server_name nginx.net www.nginx.net;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
119 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
120 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
121
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
122 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
123 listen 192.168.1.2:80 default_server;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
124 server_name nginx.com www.nginx.com;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
125 ...
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
126 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
127 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
128 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
129
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
130 </section>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
131
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
132
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
133 <section id="simple_php_site_configuration"
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
134 name="一个简单PHP站点配置">
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
135
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
136 <para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
137 现在让我们来看一下，在一个典型的，简单的PHP站点中，nginx怎样为一个请求选择<i>location</i>来处理：
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
138
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
139 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
140 server {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
141 listen 80;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
142 server_name nginx.org www.nginx.org;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
143 root /data/www;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
144
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
145 location / {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
146 index index.html index.php;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
147 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
148
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
149 location ~* \.(gif|jpg|png)$ {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
150 expires 30d;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
151 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
152
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
153 location ~ \.php$ {
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
154 fastcgi_pass localhost:9000;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
155 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
156 $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
157 include fastcgi_params;
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
158 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
159 }
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
160 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
161 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
162
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
163 <para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
164 第一步，nginx使用字符串匹配找出最准确的location，这一步nginx会忽略location在配置文件出现的顺序。上面的配置中，只有唯一一个非正则匹配的location，也就是"<literal>/</literal>"，它可以匹配任意的请求，一般作为最后一个选择。第二步，nginx会继续匹配正则表达式的location，匹配到第一个正则表达式后停止搜索。匹配到的location将被使用。正则表达式的匹配，按照配置中的顺序进行，出现在前的优先匹配。如果没有匹配到正则表达式，则使用第一步匹配的结果。
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
165 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
166
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
167 <para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
168 请注意所有location匹配测试只使用请求的URI部分，而不使用参数部分。这是因为参数在请求串中顺序是任意的，比如：
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
169
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
170 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
171 /index.php?user=john&amp;page=1
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
172 /index.php?page=1&amp;user=john
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
173 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
174
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
175 除此以外，任何人在请求串中都可以随意添加字符串：
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
176
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
177 <programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
178 /index.php?page=1&amp;something+else&amp;user=john
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
179 </programlisting>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
180 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
181
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
182 <para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
183 现在让我们来看一下使用上面的配置进来的请求是怎样被处理的：
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
184
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
185 <list type="bullet">
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
186
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
187 <listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
188 <para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
189 请求"<literal>/logo.gif</literal>"首先匹配上location "<literal>/</literal>"，然后匹配上正则表达式"<literal>\.(gif|jpg|png)$</literal>"。因此，它将被后匹配上的location处理。根据"<literal>root /data/www</literal>"指令，nginx将请求映射到文件"<literal>/data/www/logo.gif</literal>"，并发送这个文件到客户端。
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
190 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
191 </listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
192
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
193 <listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
194 <para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
195 请求"<literal>/index.php</literal>"首先也匹配上location "<literal>/</literal>"，然后匹配上正则表达式"<literal>\.(php)$</literal>"。 因此，它将被后匹配上的location处理，会被发送到一个监听在localhost:9000的FastCGI服务器。"<literal>fastcgi_param</literal>"指令将FastCGI的参数SCRIPT_FILENAME的值设置为"<literal>/data/www/index.php</literal>"，接着FastCGI服务器将执行这个文件。变量$document_root等于"<literal>root</literal>"指令设置的值，变量$fastcgi_script_name的值等于请求的uri，"<literal>/index.php</literal>"。
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
196 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
197 </listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
198
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
199 <listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
200 <para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
201 请求"<literal>/about.html</literal>"仅能匹配上location "<literal>/</literal>"，因此，它将使用此location进行处理。根据"<literal>root /data/www</literal>"指令，nginx将请求映射到文件"<literal>/data/www/about.html</literal>"，并发送这个文件到客户端。
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
202 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
203 </listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
204
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
205 <listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
206 <para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
207 请求"<literal>/</literal>"的处理更为复杂。它仅能匹配上location "<literal>/</literal>"，因此，它将使用此location进行处理。然后，"<literal>index</literal>"指令使用它的参数和"<literal>root /data/www</literal>"指令所组成的文件路径来检测对应的文件是否存在。如果文件"<literal>/data/www/index.php</literal>"存在，"<literal>index</literal>"指令将执行一次内部重定向到"<literal>/index.php</literal>"，接着nginx将重新寻找匹配"<literal>/index.php</literal>"的location，就好像这次请求是从客户端发过来一样。正如我们之前看到的那样，这个重定向的请求最终交给FastCGI服务器来处理。
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
208 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
209 </listitem>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
210
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
211 </list>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
212 </para>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
213
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
214 </section>
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
215
149f54c158f0 Added initial translation in simplified Chinese submitted by the
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents:
diff changeset
216 </article>