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annotate xml/cn/docs/http/ngx_http_rewrite_module.xml @ 2735:ff357b676c2e

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Removed trailing spaces.
author Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
date Thu, 10 Jun 2021 18:27:24 +0300
parents ceb8a4e374b7
children
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
rev   line source
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
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2
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3 <!--
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4 Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev
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5 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc.
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6 -->
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7
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8 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd">
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9
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10 <module name="ngx_http_rewrite_module模块"
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11 link="/cn/docs/http/ngx_http_rewrite_module.html"
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12 lang="cn"
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13 translator="cfsego"
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14 rev="2">
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15
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16 <section id="summary">
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17
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18 <para>
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19 <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal>模块允许正则替换URI，返回页面重定向，和按条件选择配置。
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20 </para>
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21
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22 <para>
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23 <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal>模块指令按以下顺序处理：
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24 <list type="bullet">
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25
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26 <listitem>
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27 处理在<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server"/>级别中定义的模块指令；
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28 </listitem>
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29
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30 <listitem>
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31 为请求查找location；
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32 </listitem>
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33
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34 <listitem>
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35 处理在选中的<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="location"/>中定义的模块指令。如果指令改变了URI，按新的URI查找location。这个循环至多重复<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="internal">10次</link>，之后nginx返回错误<http-status code="500" text="Internal Server Error"/>。
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36 </listitem>
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37
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38 </list>
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39 </para>
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40
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41 </section>
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42
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43
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44 <section id="directives" name="指令">
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45
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46 <directive name="break">
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47 <syntax/>
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48 <default/>
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49 <context>server</context>
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50 <context>location</context>
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51 <context>if</context>
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52
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53 <para>
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54 停止处理当前这一轮的<literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal>指令集。
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55 </para>
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56
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57 <para>
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58 举例：
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59 <example>
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60 if ($slow) {
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61 limit_rate 10k;
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62 break;
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63 }
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64 </example>
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65 </para>
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66
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67 </directive>
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68
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69
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70 <directive name="if">
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71 <syntax block="yes">(<value>condition</value>)</syntax>
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72 <default/>
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73 <context>server</context>
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74 <context>location</context>
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75
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76 <para>
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77 计算指定的<value>condition</value>的值。如果为真，执行定义在大括号中的rewrite模块指令，并将<literal>if</literal>指令中的配置指定给请求。<literal>if</literal>指令会从上一层配置中继承配置。
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78 </para>
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79
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80 <para>
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81 条件可以是下列任意一种：
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82 <list type="bullet">
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83
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84 <listitem>
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85 变量名；如果变量值为空或者是以“<literal>0</literal>”开始的字符串，则条件为假；
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86 </listitem>
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87
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88 <listitem>
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89 使用“<literal>=</literal>”和“<literal>!=</literal>”运算符比较变量和字符串；
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90 </listitem>
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91
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92 <listitem>
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93 使用“<literal>~</literal>”（大小写敏感）和“<literal>~*</literal>”（大小写不敏感）运算符匹配变量和正则表达式。正则表达式可以包含匹配组，匹配结果后续可以使用变量<var>$1</var>..<var>$9</var>引用。如果正则表达式中包含字符“<literal>}</literal>”或者“<literal>;</literal>”，整个表达式应该被包含在单引号或双引号的引用中。
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94 </listitem>
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95
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96 <listitem>
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97 使用“<literal>-f</literal>”和“<literal>!-f</literal>”运算符检查文件是否存在；
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98 </listitem>
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99
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100 <listitem>
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101 使用“<literal>-d</literal>”和“<literal>!-d</literal>”运算符检查目录是否存在；
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102 </listitem>
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103
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104 <listitem>
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105 使用“<literal>-e</literal>”和“<literal>!-e</literal>”运算符检查文件、目录或符号链接是否存在；
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106 </listitem>
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107
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108 <listitem>
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109 使用“<literal>-x</literal>”和“<literal>!-x</literal>”运算符检查可执行文件；
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110 </listitem>
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111
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112 </list>
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113 </para>
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114
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115 <para>
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116 举例：
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117 <example>
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118 if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
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119 rewrite ^(.*)$ /msie/$1 break;
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120 }
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121
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122 if ($http_cookie ~* "id=([^;]+)(?:;|$)") {
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123 set $id $1;
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124 }
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125
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126 if ($request_method = POST) {
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127 return 405;
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128 }
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129
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130 if ($slow) {
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131 limit_rate 10k;
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132 }
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133
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134 if ($invalid_referer) {
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135 return 403;
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136 }
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137 </example>
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138 <note>
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139 内嵌变量<var>$invalid_referer</var>的值是通过<link doc="ngx_http_referer_module.xml" id="valid_referers"/>指令设置的。
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140 </note>
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141 </para>
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142
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143 </directive>
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144
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145
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146 <directive name="return">
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147 <syntax><value>code</value> [<value>text</value>]</syntax>
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148 <syntax><value>code</value> <value>URL</value></syntax>
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149 <syntax><value>URL</value></syntax>
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150 <default/>
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151 <context>server</context>
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152 <context>location</context>
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153 <context>if</context>
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154
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155 <para>
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156 停止处理并返回指定<value>code</value>给客户端。返回非标准的状态码444可以直接关闭连接而不返回响应头。
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157 </para>
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158
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159 <para>
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160 从0.8.42版开始，可以在指令中指定重定向的URL（状态码为301、302、303和307），或者指定响应体<value>文本</value>（状态码为其它值）。响应体文本或重定向URL中可以包含变量。作为一种特殊情况，重定向URL可以简化为当前server的本地URI，那么完整的重定向URL将按照请求协议（<var>$scheme</var>）、<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_name_in_redirect"/>指令和<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="port_in_redirect"/>指令的配置进行补全。
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161 </para>
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162
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163 <para>
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164 另外，状态码为302的临时重定向使用的<value>URL</value>可以作为指令的唯一参数。该参数应该以“<literal>http://</literal>”、“<literal>https://</literal>”或者“<literal>https://</literal>”开始。<value>URL</value>中可以包含变量。
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165 </para>
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166
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167 <para>
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168 <note>
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169 0.7.51版本以前只能返回下面状态码：
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170 204、400、402 — 406、408、410、411、413、416 和 500 — 504。
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171 </note>
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172
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173 <note>
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174 直到1.1.16和1.0.13版，状态码307才被认为是一种重定向。
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175 </note>
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176 </para>
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177
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178 </directive>
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179
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180
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181 <directive name="rewrite">
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182 <syntax>
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183 <value>regex</value>
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184 <value>replacement</value>
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185 [<value>flag</value>]</syntax>
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186 <default/>
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187 <context>server</context>
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188 <context>location</context>
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189 <context>if</context>
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190
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191 <para>
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192 如果指定的正则表达式能匹配URI，此URI将被<value>replacement</value>参数定义的字符串改写。<literal>rewrite</literal>指令按其在配置文件中出现的顺序执行。flag可以终止后续指令的执行。如果replacement的字符串以“<literal>http://</literal>”或“<literal>https://</literal>”开头，nginx将结束执行过程，并返回给客户端一个重定向。
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193 </para>
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194
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195 <para>
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196 可选的<value>flag</value>参数可以是其中之一：
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197 <list type="tag">
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198
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199 <tag-name><literal>last</literal></tag-name>
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200 <tag-desc>
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201 停止执行当前这一轮的<literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal>指令集，然后查找匹配改变后URI的新location；
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202 </tag-desc>
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203
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204 <tag-name><literal>break</literal></tag-name>
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205 <tag-desc>
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206 停止执行当前这一轮的<literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal>指令集；
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207 </tag-desc>
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208
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209 <tag-name><literal>redirect</literal></tag-name>
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210 <tag-desc>
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211 在replacement字符串未以“<literal>http://</literal>”或“<literal>https://</literal>”开头时，使用返回状态码为302的临时重定向；
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212 </tag-desc>
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213
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214 <tag-name><literal>permanent</literal></tag-name>
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215 <tag-desc>
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216 返回状态码为301的永久重定向。
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217 </tag-desc>
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218
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219 </list>
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220 完整的重定向URL将按照请求协议（<var>$scheme</var>）、<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="server_name_in_redirect"/>指令和<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="port_in_redirect"/>指令的配置进行补全。
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221 </para>
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222
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223 <para>
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224 举例：
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225 <example>
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226 server {
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227 ...
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228 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 last;
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229 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra last;
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230 return 403;
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231 ...
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232 }
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233 </example>
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234 </para>
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235
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236 <para>
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237 但是当上述指令写在“<literal>/download/</literal>”的location中时，应使用标志<literal>break</literal>代替<literal>last</literal>，否则nginx会重复10轮循环，然后返回错误500：
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238 <example>
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239 location /download/ {
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240 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
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241 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra break;
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242 return 403;
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243 }
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244 </example>
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245 </para>
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246
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247 <para>
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248 如果<value>replacement</value>字符串包括新的请求参数，以往的请求参数会添加到新参数后面。如果不希望这样，在replacement字符串末尾加一个问号“？”，就可以避免，比如：
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249 <example>
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250 rewrite ^/users/(.*)$ /show?user=$1? last;
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251 </example>
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252 </para>
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253
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254 <para>
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255 如果正则表达式中包含字符“<literal>}</literal>”或者“<literal>;</literal>”，整个表达式应该被包含在单引号或双引号的引用中。
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256 </para>
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257
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258 </directive>
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259
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260
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261 <directive name="rewrite_log">
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262 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax>
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263 <default>off</default>
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264 <context>http</context>
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265 <context>server</context>
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266 <context>location</context>
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267 <context>if</context>
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268
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269 <para>
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270 开启或者关闭将<literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal>模块指令的处理日志以<literal>notice</literal>级别记录到错误日志中。
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271 </para>
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272
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273 </directive>
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274
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275
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276 <directive name="set">
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277 <syntax><value>variable</value> <value>value</value></syntax>
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278 <default/>
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279 <context>server</context>
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280 <context>location</context>
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281 <context>if</context>
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282
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283 <para>
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284 为指定变量<value>variable</value>设置变量值<value>value</value>。<value>value</value>可以包含文本、变量或者它们的组合。
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285 </para>
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286
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287 </directive>
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288
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289
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290 <directive name="uninitialized_variable_warn">
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291 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax>
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292 <default>on</default>
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293 <context>http</context>
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294 <context>server</context>
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295 <context>location</context>
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296 <context>if</context>
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297
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298 <para>
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299 控制是否记录变量未初始化的警告到日志。
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300 </para>
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301
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302 </directive>
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303
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304 </section>
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305
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306
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307 <section id="internals" name="内部实现">
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308
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309 <para>
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310 <literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal>模块的指令在解析配置阶段被编译成nginx内部指令。这些内部指令在处理请求时被解释执行。而解释器是一个简单的堆栈机器。
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311 </para>
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312
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313 <para>
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314 比如，下面指令
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315 <example>
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316 location /download/ {
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317 if ($forbidden) {
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318 return 403;
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319 }
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320
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321 if ($slow) {
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322 limit_rate 10k;
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323 }
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324
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325 rewrite ^/(download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ /$1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
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326 }
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327 </example>
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328 将被翻译成下面这些指令：
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329 <example>
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330 variable $forbidden
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331 check against zero
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332 return 403
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333 end of code
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334 variable $slow
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335 check against zero
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336 match of regular expression
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337 copy "/"
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338 copy $1
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339 copy "/mp3/"
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340 copy $2
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341 copy ".mp3"
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342 end of regular expression
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343 end of code
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344 </example>
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345 </para>
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346
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347 <para>
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348 请注意没有对应上面的<link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="limit_rate"/>指令的内部指令，因为这个指令与<literal>ngx_http_rewrite_module</literal>模块无关。nginx会为这个<link id="if"/>块单独创建一个配置，包含<literal>limit_rate</literal>等于10k。如果条件为真，nginx将把这个配置指派给请求。
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349 </para>
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350
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351 <para>
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352 指令
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353 <example>
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354 rewrite ^/(download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ /$1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
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355 </example>
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356 可以通过将正则表达式中的第一个斜线“/”放入圆括号，来实现节约一个内部指令：
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357 <example>
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358 rewrite ^(<emphasis>/</emphasis>download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
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359 </example>
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360 对应的内部指令将会是这样：
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361 <example>
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362 match of regular expression
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363 copy $1
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364 copy "/mp3/"
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365 copy $2
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366 copy ".mp3"
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367 end of regular expression
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368 end of code
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369 </example>
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370 </para>
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371
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372 </section>
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373
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374 </module>