Mercurial > hg > nginx-site
annotate xml/en/docs/control.xml @ 2846:fdf1464e1977
Moved banner to the external file to make partial rollout possible.
An idea is to have several banners and show them with different probability
specified by split directive in the nginx.conf
author | Sergey Budnevitch <sb@waeme.net> |
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date | Tue, 10 May 2022 18:07:27 +0400 |
parents | 52d603f58bca |
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rev | line source |
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Added copyright markers to documentation sources.
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1 <!-- |
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2 Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev |
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3 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc. |
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4 --> |
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5 |
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6 <!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "../../../dtd/article.dtd"> |
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7 |
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8 <article name="Controlling nginx" |
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9 link="/en/docs/control.html" |
589 | 10 lang="en" |
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11 rev="7"> |
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12 |
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13 <section> |
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14 |
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15 <para> |
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16 nginx can be controlled with signals. |
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17 The process ID of the master process is written to the file |
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18 <path>/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid</path> by default. |
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19 This name may be changed at configuration time, or in |
288 | 20 <path>nginx.conf</path> using the |
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21 <link doc="ngx_core_module.xml" id="pid"/> |
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22 directive. |
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23 The master process supports the following signals: |
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24 <note> |
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25 <table> |
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26 |
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27 <tr><td width="20%">TERM, INT</td><td>fast shutdown</td></tr> |
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28 <tr><td width="20%">QUIT</td><td>graceful shutdown</td></tr> |
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29 <tr><td width="20%">HUP</td><td>changing configuration, |
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30 keeping up with a changed time zone (only for FreeBSD and Linux), |
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31 starting new worker processes with a new configuration, |
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32 graceful shutdown of old worker processes</td></tr> |
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33 <tr><td width="20%">USR1</td><td>re-opening log files</td></tr> |
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34 <tr><td width="20%">USR2</td><td>upgrading an executable file</td></tr> |
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35 <tr><td width="20%">WINCH</td><td>graceful shutdown of worker processes</td></tr> |
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36 |
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37 </table> |
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38 </note> |
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39 </para> |
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40 |
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41 <para> |
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42 Individual worker processes can be controlled with signals as well, |
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43 though it is not required. |
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44 The supported signals are: |
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45 <note> |
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46 <table> |
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47 |
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48 <tr><td width="20%">TERM, INT</td><td>fast shutdown</td></tr> |
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49 <tr><td width="20%">QUIT</td><td>graceful shutdown</td></tr> |
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50 <tr><td width="20%">USR1</td><td>re-opening log files</td></tr> |
585
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51 <tr><td width="20%">WINCH</td><td>abnormal termination for debugging |
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52 (requires <link doc="ngx_core_module.xml" id="debug_points"/> to be enabled) |
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53 </td></tr> |
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54 |
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55 </table> |
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56 </note> |
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57 </para> |
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58 |
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59 </section> |
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60 |
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61 |
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62 <section id="reconfiguration" name="Changing Configuration"> |
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63 |
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64 <para> |
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65 In order for nginx to re-read the configuration file, a HUP |
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66 signal should be sent to the master process. |
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67 The master process first checks the syntax validity, then tries |
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68 to apply new configuration, that is, to open log files and new |
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69 listen sockets. |
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70 If this fails, it rolls back changes and continues to work |
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71 with old configuration. |
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72 If this succeeds, it starts new worker processes, and |
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73 sends messages to old worker processes requesting them to |
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74 shut down gracefully. |
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75 Old worker processes close listen sockets and continue to service |
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76 old clients. |
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77 After all clients are serviced, old worker processes are shut down. |
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78 </para> |
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79 |
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80 <para> |
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81 Let’s illustrate this by example. |
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82 Imagine that nginx is run on FreeBSD and the command |
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83 <programlisting> |
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84 ps axw -o pid,ppid,user,%cpu,vsz,wchan,command | egrep '(nginx|PID)' |
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85 </programlisting> |
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86 produces the following output: |
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87 <programlisting> |
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88 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND |
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89 33126 1 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx |
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90 33127 33126 nobody 0.0 1380 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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91 33128 33126 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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92 33129 33126 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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93 </programlisting> |
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94 </para> |
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95 |
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96 <para> |
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97 If HUP is sent to the master process, the output becomes: |
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98 <programlisting> |
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99 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND |
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100 33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx |
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101 33129 33126 nobody 0.0 1380 kqread nginx: worker process is shutting down (nginx) |
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102 33134 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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103 33135 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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104 33136 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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105 </programlisting> |
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106 </para> |
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107 |
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108 <para> |
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109 One of the old worker processes with PID 33129 still continues to work. |
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110 After some time it exits: |
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111 <programlisting> |
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112 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND |
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113 33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx |
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114 33134 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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115 33135 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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116 33136 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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117 </programlisting> |
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118 </para> |
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119 |
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120 </section> |
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121 |
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122 |
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123 <section id="logs" name="Rotating Log-files"> |
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124 |
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125 <para> |
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126 In order to rotate log files, they need to be renamed first. |
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127 After that USR1 signal should be sent to the master process. |
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128 The master process will then re-open all currently open log files and |
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129 assign them an unprivileged user under which the worker processes |
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130 are running, as an owner. |
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131 After successful re-opening, the master process closes all open files and |
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132 sends the message to worker process to ask them to re-open files. |
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133 Worker processes also open new files and close old files right away. |
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134 As a result, old files are almost immediately available for post |
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135 processing, such as compression. |
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136 </para> |
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137 |
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138 </section> |
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139 |
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140 |
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141 <section id="upgrade" name="Upgrading Executable on the Fly"> |
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142 |
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143 <para> |
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144 In order to upgrade the server executable, the new executable file |
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145 should be put in place of an old file first. |
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146 After that USR2 signal should be sent to the master process. |
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147 The master process first renames its file with the process ID to a |
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148 new file with the <path>.oldbin</path> suffix, e.g. |
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149 <path>/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.oldbin</path>, |
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150 then starts a new executable file that in turn starts new |
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151 worker processes: |
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152 <programlisting> |
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153 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND |
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154 33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx |
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155 33134 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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156 33135 33126 nobody 0.0 1380 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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157 33136 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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158 36264 33126 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx |
186
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159 36265 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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160 36266 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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161 36267 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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162 </programlisting> |
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163 </para> |
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164 |
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165 <!-- |
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166 |
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167 <para> |
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168 The process 36264 with a new executable file creates its own file |
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169 with the <path>.newbin</path> suffix that will keep the process ID, |
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170 e.g. <path>/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.newbin</path>. |
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171 </para> |
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172 |
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173 --> |
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174 |
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175 <para> |
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176 After that all worker processes (old and new ones) continue to accept requests. |
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177 If the WINCH signal is sent to the first master process, it will |
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178 send messages to its worker processes, requesting them to shut |
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179 down gracefully, and they will start to exit: |
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180 <programlisting> |
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181 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND |
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182 33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx |
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183 33135 33126 nobody 0.0 1380 kqread nginx: worker process is shutting down (nginx) |
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184 36264 33126 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx |
186
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185 36265 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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186 36266 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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187 36267 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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188 </programlisting> |
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189 </para> |
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190 |
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191 <para> |
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192 After some time, only the new worker processes will process requests: |
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193 <programlisting> |
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194 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND |
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195 33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx |
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196 36264 33126 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx |
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197 36265 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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198 36266 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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199 36267 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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200 </programlisting> |
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201 </para> |
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202 |
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203 <para> |
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204 It should be noted that the old master process does not close its listen |
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205 sockets, and it can be managed to start its worker processes again if needed. |
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206 If for some reason the new executable file works unacceptably, one of the |
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207 following can be done: |
461 | 208 <list type="bullet"> |
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209 |
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210 <listitem> |
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211 <para> |
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212 Send the HUP signal to the old master process. |
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213 The old master process will start new worker processes |
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214 without re-reading the configuration. |
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215 After that, all new processes can be shut down gracefully, |
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216 by sending the QUIT signal to the new master process. |
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217 </para> |
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218 </listitem> |
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219 |
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220 <listitem> |
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221 <para> |
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222 Send the TERM signal to the new master process. |
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223 It will then send a message to its worker processes requesting them |
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224 to exit immediately, and they will all exit almost immediately. |
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225 (If new processes do not exit for some reason, |
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226 the KILL signal should be sent to them to force them to exit.) |
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227 When the new master process exits, the old master process will start new |
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228 worker processes automatically. |
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229 </para> |
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230 </listitem> |
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231 |
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232 </list> |
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233 |
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234 </para> |
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235 |
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236 <para> |
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237 If the new master process exits then the old master process discards |
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238 the <path>.oldbin</path> suffix from the file name with the process ID. |
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239 </para> |
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240 |
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241 <para> |
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242 If upgrade was successful, then the QUIT signal should be sent to |
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243 the old master process, and only new processes will stay: |
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244 <programlisting> |
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245 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND |
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246 36264 1 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx |
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247 36265 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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248 36266 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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249 36267 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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250 </programlisting> |
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251 </para> |
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252 |
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253 <!-- |
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254 |
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255 <para> |
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256 To complete the upgrade process, the |
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257 <path>/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.newbin</path> file should be renamed to |
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258 <path>/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid</path>. |
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259 </para> |
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260 |
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261 --> |
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262 |
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263 </section> |
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264 |
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265 </article> |