Mercurial > hg > nginx-site
annotate xml/en/docs/stream/ngx_stream_upstream_module.xml @ 1752:b4de612feff8
Documented the split_clients module in stream.
author | Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com> |
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date | Thu, 14 Jul 2016 20:33:18 +0300 |
parents | ab56dcd73af2 |
children | 536dc1885e24 |
rev | line source |
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?> |
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2 |
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3 <!-- |
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4 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc. |
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5 --> |
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6 |
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7 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd"> |
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8 |
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9 <module name="Module ngx_stream_upstream_module" |
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10 link="/en/docs/stream/ngx_stream_upstream_module.html" |
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11 lang="en" |
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12 rev="14"> |
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13 |
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14 <section id="summary"> |
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15 |
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16 <para> |
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17 The <literal>ngx_stream_upstream_module</literal> module (1.9.0) |
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18 is used to define groups of servers that can be referenced |
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19 by the <link doc="ngx_stream_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_pass"/> |
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20 directive. |
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21 </para> |
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22 |
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23 </section> |
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24 |
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25 |
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26 <section id="example" name="Example Configuration"> |
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27 |
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28 <para> |
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29 <example> |
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30 upstream <emphasis>backend</emphasis> { |
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31 hash $remote_addr consistent; |
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32 |
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33 server backend1.example.com:12345 weight=5; |
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34 server backend2.example.com:12345; |
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35 server unix:/tmp/backend3; |
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36 |
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37 server backup1.example.com:12345 backup; |
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38 server backup2.example.com:12345 backup; |
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39 } |
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40 |
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41 server { |
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42 listen 12346; |
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43 proxy_pass <emphasis>backend</emphasis>; |
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44 } |
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45 </example> |
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46 </para> |
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47 |
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48 <para> |
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49 Dynamically configurable group, |
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50 available as part of our |
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51 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>: |
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52 <example> |
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53 resolver 10.0.0.1; |
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54 |
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55 upstream <emphasis>dynamic</emphasis> { |
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56 zone upstream_dynamic 64k; |
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57 |
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58 server backend1.example.com:12345 weight=5; |
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59 server backend2.example.com:12345 fail_timeout=5s slow_start=30s; |
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60 server 192.0.2.1:12345 max_fails=3; |
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61 server backend3.example.com:12345 resolve; |
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62 server backend4.example.com service=http resolve; |
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63 |
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64 server backup1.example.com:12345 backup; |
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65 server backup2.example.com:12345 backup; |
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66 } |
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67 |
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68 server { |
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69 listen 12346; |
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70 proxy_pass <emphasis>dynamic</emphasis>; |
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71 health_check; |
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72 } |
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73 </example> |
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74 </para> |
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75 |
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76 </section> |
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77 |
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78 |
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79 <section id="directives" name="Directives"> |
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80 |
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81 <directive name="upstream"> |
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82 <syntax block="yes"><value>name</value></syntax> |
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83 <default/> |
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84 <context>stream</context> |
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85 |
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86 <para> |
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87 Defines a group of servers. |
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88 Servers can listen on different ports. |
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89 In addition, servers listening on TCP and UNIX-domain sockets |
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90 can be mixed. |
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91 </para> |
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92 |
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93 <para> |
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94 Example: |
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95 <example> |
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96 upstream backend { |
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97 server backend1.example.com:12345 weight=5; |
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98 server 127.0.0.1:12345 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; |
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99 server unix:/tmp/backend2; |
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100 server backend3.example.com:12345 resolve; |
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101 |
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102 server backup1.example.com:12345 backup; |
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103 } |
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104 </example> |
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105 </para> |
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106 |
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107 <para> |
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108 By default, connections are distributed between the servers using a |
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109 weighted round-robin balancing method. |
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110 In the above example, each 7 connections will be distributed as follows: |
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111 5 connections go to <literal>backend1.example.com:12345</literal> |
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112 and one connection to each of the second and third servers. |
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113 If an error occurs during communication with a server, the connection will |
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114 be passed to the next server, and so on until all of the functioning |
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115 servers will be tried. |
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116 If communication with all servers fails, the connection will be closed. |
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117 </para> |
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118 |
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119 </directive> |
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120 |
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121 |
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122 <directive name="server"> |
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123 <syntax><value>address</value> [<value>parameters</value>]</syntax> |
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124 <default/> |
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125 <context>upstream</context> |
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126 |
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127 <para> |
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128 Defines the <value>address</value> and other <value>parameters</value> |
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129 of a server. |
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130 The address can be specified as a domain name or IP address |
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131 with an obligatory port, or as a UNIX-domain socket path |
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132 specified after the “<literal>unix:</literal>” prefix. |
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133 A domain name that resolves to several IP addresses defines |
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134 multiple servers at once. |
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135 </para> |
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136 |
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137 <para> |
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138 The following parameters can be defined: |
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139 <list type="tag"> |
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140 |
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141 <tag-name id="weight"> |
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142 <literal>weight</literal>=<value>number</value> |
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143 </tag-name> |
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144 <tag-desc> |
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145 sets the weight of the server, by default, 1. |
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146 </tag-desc> |
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147 |
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148 <tag-name id="max_fails"> |
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149 <literal>max_fails</literal>=<value>number</value> |
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150 </tag-name> |
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151 <tag-desc> |
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152 sets the number of unsuccessful attempts to communicate with the server |
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153 that should happen in the duration set by the <literal>fail_timeout</literal> |
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154 parameter to consider the server unavailable for a duration also set by the |
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155 <literal>fail_timeout</literal> parameter. |
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156 By default, the number of unsuccessful attempts is set to 1. |
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157 The zero value disables the accounting of attempts. |
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158 Here, an unsuccessful attempt is an error or timeout |
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159 while establishing a connection with the server. |
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160 </tag-desc> |
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161 |
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162 <tag-name id="fail_timeout"> |
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163 <literal>fail_timeout</literal>=<value>time</value> |
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164 </tag-name> |
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165 <tag-desc> |
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166 sets |
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167 <list type="bullet"> |
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168 |
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169 <listitem> |
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170 the time during which the specified number of unsuccessful attempts to |
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171 communicate with the server should happen to consider the server unavailable; |
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172 </listitem> |
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173 |
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174 <listitem> |
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175 and the period of time the server will be considered unavailable. |
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176 </listitem> |
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177 |
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178 </list> |
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179 By default, the parameter is set to 10 seconds. |
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180 </tag-desc> |
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181 |
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182 <tag-name id="backup"> |
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183 <literal>backup</literal> |
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184 </tag-name> |
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185 <tag-desc> |
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186 marks the server as a backup server. |
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187 Connections to the backup server will be passed |
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188 when the primary servers are unavailable. |
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189 </tag-desc> |
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190 |
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191 <tag-name id="down"> |
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192 <literal>down</literal> |
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193 </tag-name> |
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194 <tag-desc> |
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195 marks the server as permanently unavailable. |
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196 </tag-desc> |
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197 |
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198 </list> |
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199 </para> |
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200 |
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201 <para> |
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202 Additionally, |
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203 the following parameters are available as part of our |
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204 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>: |
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205 <list type="tag"> |
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206 |
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207 <tag-name id="max_conns"> |
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208 <literal>max_conns</literal>=<value>number</value> |
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209 </tag-name> |
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210 <tag-desc> |
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211 limits the maximum <value>number</value> of simultaneous connections to the |
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212 proxied server. |
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213 Default value is zero, meaning there is no limit. |
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214 </tag-desc> |
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215 |
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216 <tag-name id="resolve"> |
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217 <literal>resolve</literal> |
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218 </tag-name> |
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219 <tag-desc> |
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220 monitors changes of the IP addresses |
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221 that correspond to a domain name of the server, |
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222 and automatically modifies the upstream configuration |
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223 without the need of restarting nginx. |
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224 The server group must reside in the <link id="zone">shared memory</link>. |
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225 <para> |
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226 In order for this parameter to work, |
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227 the <link doc="ngx_stream_core_module.xml" id="resolver"/> directive |
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228 must be specified in the |
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229 <link doc="ngx_stream_core_module.xml" id="stream"/> block. |
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230 Example: |
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231 <example> |
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232 stream { |
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233 resolver 10.0.0.1; |
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234 |
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235 upstream u { |
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236 zone ...; |
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237 ... |
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238 server example.com:12345 resolve; |
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239 } |
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240 } |
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241 </example> |
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242 </para> |
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243 </tag-desc> |
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244 |
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245 <tag-name id="service"> |
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246 <literal>service</literal>=<value>name</value> |
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247 </tag-name> |
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248 <tag-desc> |
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249 enables resolving of DNS |
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250 <link url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2782">SRV</link> |
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251 records and sets the service <value>name</value> (1.9.13). |
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252 In order for this parameter to work, it is necessary to specify |
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253 the <link id="resolve"/> parameter for the server |
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254 and specify a hostname without a port number. |
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255 <para> |
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256 If the service name does not contain a dot (“<literal>.</literal>”), then |
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257 the <link url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2782">RFC</link>-compliant name |
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258 is constructed |
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259 and the TCP protocol is added to the service prefix. |
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260 For example, to look up the |
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261 <literal>_http._tcp.backend.example.com</literal> SRV record, |
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262 it is necessary to specify the directive: |
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263 <example> |
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264 server backend.example.com service=http resolve; |
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265 </example> |
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266 If the service name contains one or more dots, then the name is constructed |
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267 by joining the service prefix and the server name. |
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268 For example, to look up the <literal>_http._tcp.backend.example.com</literal> |
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269 and <literal>server1.backend.example.com</literal> SRV records, |
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270 it is necessary to specify the directives: |
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271 <example> |
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272 server backend.example.com service=_http._tcp resolve; |
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273 server example.com service=server1.backend resolve; |
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274 </example> |
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275 </para> |
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276 |
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277 <para> |
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278 Highest-priority SRV records |
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279 (records with the same lowest-number priority value) |
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280 are resolved as primary servers, |
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281 the rest of SRV records are resolved as backup servers. |
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282 If the <link id="backup"/> parameter is specified for the server, |
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283 high-priority SRV records are resolved as backup servers, |
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284 the rest of SRV records are ignored. |
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285 </para> |
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286 </tag-desc> |
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287 |
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288 <tag-name id="slow_start"> |
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289 <literal>slow_start</literal>=<value>time</value> |
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290 </tag-name> |
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291 <tag-desc> |
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292 sets the <value>time</value> during which the server will recover its weight |
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293 from zero to a nominal value, when unhealthy server becomes |
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294 <link id="health_check">healthy</link>, |
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295 or when the server becomes available after a period of time |
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296 it was considered <link id="fail_timeout">unavailable</link>. |
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297 Default value is zero, i.e. slow start is disabled. |
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298 </tag-desc> |
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299 |
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300 </list> |
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301 </para> |
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302 |
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303 <para> |
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304 <note> |
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305 If there is only a single server in a group, <literal>max_fails</literal>, |
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306 <literal>fail_timeout</literal> and <literal>slow_start</literal> parameters |
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307 are ignored, and such a server will never be considered unavailable. |
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308 </note> |
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309 </para> |
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310 |
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311 </directive> |
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312 |
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313 |
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314 <directive name="zone"> |
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315 <syntax><value>name</value> [<value>size</value>]</syntax> |
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316 <default/> |
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317 <context>upstream</context> |
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318 |
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319 <para> |
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320 Defines the <value>name</value> and <value>size</value> of the shared |
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321 memory zone that keeps the group’s configuration and run-time state that are |
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322 shared between worker processes. |
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323 Several groups may share the same zone. |
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324 In this case, it is enough to specify the zone size only once. |
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325 </para> |
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326 |
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327 <para> |
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328 Additionally, |
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329 as part of our <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>, |
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330 such groups allow changing the group membership |
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331 or modifying the settings of a particular server |
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332 without the need of restarting nginx. |
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333 The configuration is accessible via a special location |
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334 handled by |
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335 <link doc="../http/ngx_http_upstream_conf_module.xml" id="upstream_conf"/>. |
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336 </para> |
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337 |
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338 </directive> |
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339 |
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340 |
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341 <directive name="state"> |
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342 <syntax><value>file</value></syntax> |
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343 <default/> |
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344 <context>upstream</context> |
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345 <appeared-in>1.9.7</appeared-in> |
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346 |
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347 <para> |
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348 Specifies a <value>file</value> that keeps the state |
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349 of the dynamically configurable group. |
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350 The state is currently limited to the list of servers with their parameters. |
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351 The file is read when parsing the configuration and is updated each time |
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352 the upstream configuration is |
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353 <link doc="ngx_http_upstream_conf_module.xml" id="upstream_conf">changed</link>. |
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354 Changing the file content directly should be avoided. |
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355 The directive cannot be used |
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356 along with the <link id="server"/> directive. |
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357 </para> |
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358 |
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359 <para> |
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360 <note> |
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361 Changes made during |
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362 <link doc="../control.xml" id="reconfiguration">configuration reload</link> |
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363 or <link doc="../control.xml" id="upgrade">binary upgrade</link> |
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364 can be lost. |
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365 </note> |
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366 </para> |
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367 |
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368 <para> |
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369 <note> |
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370 This directive is available as part of our |
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371 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>. |
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372 </note> |
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373 </para> |
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374 |
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375 </directive> |
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376 |
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377 |
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378 <directive name="hash"> |
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379 <syntax><value>key</value> [<literal>consistent</literal>]</syntax> |
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380 <default/> |
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381 <context>upstream</context> |
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382 |
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383 <para> |
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384 Specifies a load balancing method for a server group |
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385 where client-server mapping is based on the hashed <value>key</value> value. |
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386 The <value>key</value> can contain text, variables, |
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387 and their combinations (1.11.2). |
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388 Usage example: |
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389 <example> |
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390 hash $remote_addr; |
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391 </example> |
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392 Note that adding or removing a server from the group |
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393 may result in remapping most of the keys to different servers. |
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394 The method is compatible with the |
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395 <link url="http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?Cache%3A%3AMemcached">Cache::Memcached</link> |
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396 Perl library. |
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397 </para> |
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398 |
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399 <para> |
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400 If the <literal>consistent</literal> parameter is specified, |
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401 the <link url="http://www.last.fm/user/RJ/journal/2007/04/10/392555/">ketama</link> |
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402 consistent hashing method will be used instead. |
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403 The method ensures that only a few keys |
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404 will be remapped to different servers |
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405 when a server is added to or removed from the group. |
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406 This helps to achieve a higher cache hit ratio for caching servers. |
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407 The method is compatible with the |
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408 <link url="http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?Cache%3A%3AMemcached%3A%3AFast">Cache::Memcached::Fast</link> |
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409 Perl library with the <value>ketama_points</value> parameter set to 160. |
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410 </para> |
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411 |
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412 </directive> |
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413 |
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414 |
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|
415 <directive name="least_conn"> |
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416 <syntax/> |
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417 <default/> |
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418 <context>upstream</context> |
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419 |
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420 <para> |
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421 Specifies that a server group should use a load balancing method |
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422 where a connection |
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423 is passed to the server with the least number of active connections, |
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424 taking into account weights of servers. |
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425 If there are several such servers, they are tried in turn using a |
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426 weighted round-robin balancing method. |
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427 </para> |
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428 |
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429 </directive> |
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430 |
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431 |
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432 <directive name="least_time"> |
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433 <syntax><literal>connect</literal> | |
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434 <literal>first_byte</literal> | |
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435 <literal>last_byte</literal></syntax> |
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436 <default/> |
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437 <context>upstream</context> |
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438 |
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439 <para> |
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440 Specifies that a group should use a load balancing method where a connection |
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441 is passed to the server with the least average time and |
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442 least number of active connections, taking into account weights of servers. |
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443 If there are several such servers, they are tried in turn using a |
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444 weighted round-robin balancing method. |
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445 </para> |
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446 |
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447 <para> |
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448 If the <literal>connect</literal> parameter is specified, |
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449 time to connect to the upstream server is used. |
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450 If the <literal>first_byte</literal> parameter is specified, |
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|
451 time to receive the first byte of data is used. |
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452 If the <literal>last_byte</literal> is specified, |
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|
453 time to receive the last byte of data is used. |
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|
454 </para> |
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|
455 |
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456 <para> |
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457 <note> |
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458 This directive is available as part of our |
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459 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>. |
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460 </note> |
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461 </para> |
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|
462 |
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|
463 </directive> |
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464 |
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465 |
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466 <directive name="health_check"> |
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467 <syntax>[<value>parameters</value>]</syntax> |
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468 <default/> |
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|
469 <context>server</context> |
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|
470 |
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|
471 <para> |
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472 Enables periodic health checks of the servers in a |
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473 <link id="upstream">group</link>. |
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474 </para> |
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475 |
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|
476 <para> |
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|
477 The following optional parameters are supported: |
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|
478 <list type="tag"> |
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|
479 |
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|
480 <tag-name id="interval"> |
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|
481 <literal>interval</literal>=<value>time</value> |
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|
482 </tag-name> |
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|
483 <tag-desc> |
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|
484 sets the interval between two consecutive health checks, |
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|
485 by default, 5 seconds; |
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|
486 </tag-desc> |
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|
487 |
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|
488 <tag-name id="fails"> |
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|
489 <literal>fails</literal>=<value>number</value> |
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|
490 </tag-name> |
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|
491 <tag-desc> |
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|
492 sets the number of consecutive failed health checks of a particular server |
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|
493 after which this server will be considered unhealthy, |
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|
494 by default, 1; |
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|
495 </tag-desc> |
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|
496 |
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|
497 <tag-name id="passes"> |
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|
498 <literal>passes</literal>=<value>number</value> |
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|
499 </tag-name> |
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500 <tag-desc> |
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501 sets the number of consecutive passed health checks of a particular server |
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502 after which the server will be considered healthy, |
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503 by default, 1; |
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504 </tag-desc> |
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505 |
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506 <tag-name id="hc_match"> |
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507 <literal>match</literal>=<value>name</value> |
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508 </tag-name> |
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509 <tag-desc> |
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510 specifies the <literal>match</literal> block configuring the tests that a |
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511 successful connection should pass in order for a health check to pass. |
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|
512 By default, |
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|
513 only the ability to establish a TCP connection with the server is checked; |
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514 </tag-desc> |
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|
515 |
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|
516 <tag-name id="health_check_port"> |
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517 <literal>port</literal>=<value>number</value> |
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518 </tag-name> |
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519 <tag-desc> |
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520 defines the port used when connecting to a server |
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521 to perform a health check (1.9.7); |
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522 by default, equals the <link id="server"/> port; |
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523 </tag-desc> |
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|
524 |
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|
525 <tag-name id="health_check_udp"> |
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526 <literal>udp</literal> |
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527 </tag-name> |
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|
528 <tag-desc> |
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|
529 specifies that the <literal>UDP</literal> protocol should be used for |
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|
530 health checks instead of the default <literal>TCP</literal> protocol (1.9.13); |
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|
531 requires a <link id="hc_match">match</link> block with the |
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|
532 <link id="match_send">send</link> and <link id="match_expect">expect</link> |
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|
533 parameters. |
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534 </tag-desc> |
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|
535 |
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|
536 </list> |
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|
537 </para> |
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538 |
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|
539 <para> |
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540 For example, |
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|
541 <example> |
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542 server { |
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|
543 proxy_pass backend; |
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|
544 health_check; |
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545 } |
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|
546 </example> |
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547 will check the ability to establish a TCP connection to each server |
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|
548 in the <literal>backend</literal> group every five seconds. |
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|
549 When a connection to the server cannot be established, |
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550 the health check will fail, and the server will |
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551 be considered unhealthy. |
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|
552 Client connections are not passed to unhealthy servers. |
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|
553 </para> |
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|
554 |
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|
555 <para> |
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|
556 Health checks can also be configured to test data obtained from the server. |
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|
557 Tests are configured separately using the <link id="match"/> directive |
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|
558 and referenced in the <literal>match</literal> parameter. |
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|
559 </para> |
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|
560 |
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|
561 <para> |
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|
562 The server group must reside in the <link id="zone">shared memory</link>. |
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|
563 </para> |
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|
564 |
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|
565 <para> |
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|
566 If several health checks are defined for the same group of servers, |
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|
567 a single failure of any check will make the corresponding server be |
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|
568 considered unhealthy. |
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|
569 </para> |
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|
570 |
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|
571 <para> |
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|
572 <note> |
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|
573 This directive is available as part of our |
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|
574 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>. |
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|
575 </note> |
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|
576 </para> |
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|
577 |
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|
578 </directive> |
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|
579 |
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|
580 |
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|
581 <directive name="health_check_timeout"> |
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|
582 <syntax><value>timeout</value></syntax> |
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|
583 <default>5s</default> |
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|
584 <context>stream</context> |
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|
585 <context>server</context> |
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|
586 |
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|
587 <para> |
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|
588 Overrides the |
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|
589 <link doc="ngx_stream_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_timeout"/> |
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|
590 value for health checks. |
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|
591 </para> |
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|
592 |
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|
593 <para> |
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|
594 <note> |
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|
595 This directive is available as part of our |
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|
596 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>. |
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|
597 </note> |
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|
598 </para> |
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|
599 |
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|
600 </directive> |
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|
601 |
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|
602 |
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|
603 <directive name="match"> |
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|
604 <syntax block="yes"><value>name</value> </syntax> |
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|
605 <default/> |
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|
606 <context>stream</context> |
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|
607 |
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|
608 <para> |
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|
609 Defines the named test set used to verify server responses to health checks. |
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|
610 </para> |
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|
611 |
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|
612 <para> |
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|
613 The following parameters can be configured: |
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|
614 <list type="tag"> |
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|
615 |
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|
616 <tag-name id="match_send"> |
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|
617 <literal>send</literal> <value>string</value>; |
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|
618 </tag-name> |
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|
619 <tag-desc> |
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|
620 sends a <value>string</value> to the server; |
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|
621 </tag-desc> |
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622 |
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623 <tag-name id="match_expect"> |
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624 <literal>expect</literal> <value>string</value> | |
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625 <literal>~</literal> <value>regex</value>; |
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626 </tag-name> |
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627 <tag-desc> |
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628 a literal string (1.9.12) or a regular expression |
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629 that the data obtained from the server should match. |
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630 The regular expression is specified with the preceding |
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631 “<literal>~*</literal>” modifier (for case-insensitive matching), or the |
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632 “<literal>~</literal>” modifier (for case-sensitive matching). |
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633 </tag-desc> |
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634 |
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635 </list> |
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636 Both <literal>send</literal> and <literal>expect</literal> parameters |
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637 can contain hexadecimal literals with the prefix “<literal>\x</literal>” |
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638 followed by two hex digits, for example, “<literal>\x80</literal>” (1.9.12). |
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639 </para> |
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640 |
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641 <para> |
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642 Health check is passed if: |
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643 <list type="bullet"> |
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644 <listitem> |
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645 the TCP connection was successfully established; |
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646 </listitem> |
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647 |
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648 <listitem> |
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649 the <value>string</value> from the <literal>send</literal> parameter, |
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650 if specified, was sent; |
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651 </listitem> |
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652 |
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653 <listitem> |
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654 the data obtained from the server matched the string or regular expression |
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655 from the <literal>expect</literal> parameter, if specified; |
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656 </listitem> |
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657 |
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658 <listitem> |
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659 the time elapsed does not exceed the value specified |
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660 in the <link id="health_check_timeout"/> directive. |
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661 </listitem> |
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662 |
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663 </list> |
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664 </para> |
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665 |
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666 <para> |
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667 Example: |
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668 <example> |
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669 upstream backend { |
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670 zone upstream_backend 10m; |
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671 server 127.0.0.1:12345; |
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672 } |
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673 |
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674 match http { |
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675 send "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: localhost\r\n\r\n"; |
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676 expect ~ "200 OK"; |
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677 } |
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678 |
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679 server { |
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680 listen 12346; |
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681 proxy_pass backend; |
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682 health_check match=http; |
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683 } |
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684 </example> |
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685 </para> |
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686 |
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687 <para> |
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688 <note> |
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689 Only the first |
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690 <link doc="ngx_stream_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_buffer_size"/> |
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691 bytes of data obtained from the server are examined. |
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|
692 </note> |
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|
693 </para> |
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|
694 |
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695 <para> |
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|
696 <note> |
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|
697 This directive is available as part of our |
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698 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>. |
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699 </note> |
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|
700 </para> |
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|
701 |
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|
702 </directive> |
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|
703 |
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|
704 </section> |
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|
705 |
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706 </module> |