Mercurial > hg > nginx-site
annotate xml/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_log_module.xml @ 924:a2aea48ff155
New "installation" article.
Old "installation" was renamed to "configure" and describes how
to build nginx from sources.
author | Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com> |
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date | Fri, 31 May 2013 13:05:51 +0400 |
parents | 9dab69f2b71d |
children | 95c3c3bbf1ce |
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?> |
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2 |
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3 <!-- |
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4 Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev |
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5 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc. |
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6 --> |
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7 |
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8 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd"> |
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9 |
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10 <module name="Модуль ngx_http_log_module" |
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11 link="/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_log_module.html" |
589 | 12 lang="ru" |
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13 rev="9"> |
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14 |
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15 <section id="summary"> |
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16 |
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17 <para> |
271 | 18 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_log_module</literal> записывает логи запросов |
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19 в указанном формате. |
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20 </para> |
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21 |
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22 <para> |
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23 Логи записываются в контексте location’а, где заканчивается обработка. |
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24 Это может быть location, отличный от первоначального, если в процессе |
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25 обработки запроса происходит |
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26 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="internal">внутреннее |
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27 перенаправление</link>. |
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28 </para> |
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29 |
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30 </section> |
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31 |
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32 |
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33 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации"> |
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34 |
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35 <para> |
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36 <example> |
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37 log_format compression '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] ' |
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38 '"$request" $status $bytes_sent ' |
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39 '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$gzip_ratio"'; |
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40 |
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41 access_log /spool/logs/nginx-access.log compression buffer=32k; |
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42 </example> |
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43 </para> |
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44 |
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45 </section> |
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46 |
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47 |
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48 <section id="directives" name="Директивы"> |
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49 |
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50 <directive name="access_log"> |
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51 <syntax> |
364 | 52 <value>путь</value> |
53 [<value>формат</value> | |
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54 [<literal>buffer</literal>=<value>размер</value> |
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55 [<literal>flush</literal>=<value>время</value>]]]</syntax> |
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56 <syntax> |
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57 <value>путь</value> |
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58 <value>формат</value> |
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59 <literal>gzip[=<value>степень</value>]</literal> |
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60 [<literal>buffer</literal>=<value>размер</value>] |
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61 [<literal>flush</literal>=<value>время</value>]</syntax> |
271 | 62 <syntax><literal>off</literal></syntax> |
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63 <default>logs/access.log combined</default> |
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64 <context>http</context> |
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65 <context>server</context> |
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66 <context>location</context> |
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67 <context>if в location</context> |
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68 <context>limit_except</context> |
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69 |
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70 <para> |
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71 Задаёт путь, формат и настройки буферизованной записи в лог. |
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72 На одном уровне может использоваться несколько логов. |
271 | 73 Специальное значение <literal>off</literal> отменяет все директивы |
74 <literal>access_log</literal> для текущего уровня. | |
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75 Если формат не указан, то используется предопределённый формат |
271 | 76 “<literal>combined</literal>”. |
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77 </para> |
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78 |
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79 <para> |
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80 Если задан размер буфера с помощью параметра <literal>buffer</literal> или |
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81 указан параметр <literal>gzip</literal> (1.3.10, 1.2.7), то запись будет |
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82 буферизованной. |
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83 <note> |
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84 Размер буфера должен быть не больше размера атомарной записи в дисковый файл. |
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85 Для FreeBSD этот размер неограничен. |
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86 </note> |
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87 </para> |
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88 |
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89 <para> |
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90 При включённой буферизации данные записываются в файл: |
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91 <list type="bullet"> |
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92 |
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93 <listitem> |
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94 если очередная строка лога не помещается в буфер; |
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95 </listitem> |
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96 |
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97 <listitem> |
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98 если данные в буфере находятся дольше интервала времени, заданного |
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99 параметром <literal>flush</literal> (1.3.10, 1.2.7); |
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100 </listitem> |
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101 |
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102 <listitem> |
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103 при <link doc="../control.xml">переоткрытии</link> лог-файла или |
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104 завершении рабочего процесса. |
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105 </listitem> |
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106 |
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107 </list> |
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108 </para> |
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109 |
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110 <para> |
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111 Если задан параметр <literal>gzip</literal>, то буфер будет сжиматься перед |
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112 записью в файл. |
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113 Степень сжатия может быть задана в диапазоне от 1 (быстрее, но хуже сжатие) |
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114 до 9 (медленнее, но лучше сжатие). |
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115 По умолчанию используется буфер размером 64К байт и степень сжатия 1. |
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116 Данные сжимаются атомарными блоками, и в любой момент времени лог-файл может |
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117 быть распакован или прочитан с помощью утилиты “<literal>zcat</literal>”. |
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118 </para> |
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119 |
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120 <para> |
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121 Пример: |
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122 <example> |
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123 access_log /path/to/log.gz combined gzip flush=5m; |
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124 </example> |
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125 </para> |
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126 |
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127 <para> |
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128 <note> |
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129 Для поддержки gzip-сжатия логов nginx должен быть собран с библиотекой zlib. |
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130 </note> |
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131 </para> |
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132 |
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133 <para> |
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134 В пути файла можно использовать переменные (0.7.6+), |
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135 но такие логи имеют некоторые ограничения: |
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136 <list type="bullet"> |
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137 |
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138 <listitem> |
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139 <link doc="../ngx_core_module.xml" id="user">пользователь</link>, |
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140 с правами которого работают рабочие процессы, должен |
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141 иметь права на создание файлов в каталоге с такими логами; |
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142 </listitem> |
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143 |
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144 <listitem> |
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145 не работает буферизация; |
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146 </listitem> |
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147 |
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148 <listitem> |
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149 файл открывается для каждой записи в лог и сразу же после записи закрывается. |
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150 Следует однако иметь в виду, что поскольку дескрипторы часто используемых файлов |
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151 могут храниться в <link id="open_log_file_cache">кэше</link>, |
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152 то при вращении логов в течение времени, заданного параметром |
271 | 153 <literal>valid</literal> директивы <link id="open_log_file_cache"/>, |
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154 запись может продолжаться в старый файл. |
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155 </listitem> |
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156 |
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157 <listitem> |
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158 при каждой записи в лог проверяется существование |
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159 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="root">корневого каталога</link> |
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160 для запроса — если этот каталог не существует, то лог не создаётся. |
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161 Поэтому <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="root"/> |
271 | 162 и <literal>access_log</literal> нужно описывать на одном уровне: |
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163 <example> |
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164 server { |
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165 root /spool/vhost/data/$host; |
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166 access_log /spool/vhost/logs/$host; |
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167 ... |
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168 </example> |
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169 </listitem> |
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170 |
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171 </list> |
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172 </para> |
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173 |
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174 </directive> |
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175 |
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176 |
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177 <directive name="log_format"> |
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178 <syntax> |
271 | 179 <value>название</value> |
180 <value>строка</value> ...</syntax> | |
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181 <default>combined "..."</default> |
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182 <context>http</context> |
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183 |
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184 <para> |
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185 Задаёт формат лога. |
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186 </para> |
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187 |
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188 <para> |
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189 Кроме общих переменных в формате можно использовать переменные, |
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190 существующие только на момент записи в лог: |
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191 <list type="tag"> |
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192 |
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193 <tag-name><var>$bytes_sent</var></tag-name> |
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194 <tag-desc> |
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195 число байт, переданное клиенту |
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196 </tag-desc> |
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197 |
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198 <tag-name><var>$connection</var></tag-name> |
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199 <tag-desc> |
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200 порядковый номер соединения |
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201 </tag-desc> |
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202 |
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203 <tag-name><var>$connection_requests</var></tag-name> |
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204 <tag-desc> |
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205 текущее число запросов в соединении (1.1.18) |
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206 </tag-desc> |
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207 |
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208 <tag-name><var>$msec</var></tag-name> |
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209 <tag-desc> |
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210 время в секундах с точностью до миллисекунд на момент записи в лог |
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211 </tag-desc> |
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212 |
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213 <tag-name><var>$pipe</var></tag-name> |
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214 <tag-desc> |
271 | 215 “<literal>p</literal>” если запрос был pipelined, иначе “<literal>.</literal>” |
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216 </tag-desc> |
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217 |
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218 <tag-name><var>$request_length</var></tag-name> |
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219 <tag-desc> |
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220 длина запроса (включая строку запроса, заголовок и тело запроса) |
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221 </tag-desc> |
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222 |
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223 <tag-name><var>$request_time</var></tag-name> |
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224 <tag-desc> |
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225 время обработки запроса в секундах с точностью до миллисекунд; |
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226 время, прошедшее с момента чтения первых байт от клиента до |
451
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227 момента записи в лог после отправки последних байт клиенту |
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228 </tag-desc> |
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229 |
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230 <tag-name><var>$status</var></tag-name> |
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231 <tag-desc> |
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232 статус ответа |
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233 </tag-desc> |
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234 |
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235 <tag-name><var>$time_iso8601</var></tag-name> |
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236 <tag-desc> |
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237 локальное время в формате по стандарту ISO 8601 |
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238 </tag-desc> |
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239 |
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240 <tag-name><var>$time_local</var></tag-name> |
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241 <tag-desc> |
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242 локальное время в Common Log Format |
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243 </tag-desc> |
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244 |
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245 </list> |
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246 |
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247 <note> |
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248 В современных версиях nginx переменные |
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249 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_status">$status</link> |
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250 (1.3.2, 1.2.2), |
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251 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_bytes_sent">$bytes_sent</link> |
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252 (1.3.8, 1.2.5), |
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253 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_connection">$connection</link> |
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254 (1.3.8, 1.2.5), |
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255 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_connection_requests">$connection_requests</link> |
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256 (1.3.8, 1.2.5), |
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257 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_msec">$msec</link> |
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258 (1.3.9, 1.2.6), |
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259 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_request_time">$request_time</link> |
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260 (1.3.9, 1.2.6), |
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261 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_pipe">$pipe</link> |
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262 (1.3.12, 1.2.7), |
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263 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_request_length">$request_length</link> |
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264 (1.3.12, 1.2.7), |
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265 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_time_iso8601">$time_iso8601</link> |
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266 (1.3.12, 1.2.7) |
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267 и |
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268 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_time_local">$time_local</link> |
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269 (1.3.12, 1.2.7) |
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270 также доступны как общие переменные. |
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271 </note> |
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272 |
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273 </para> |
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274 |
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275 <para> |
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276 Строки заголовка, переданные клиенту, начинаются с префикса |
271 | 277 “<literal>sent_http_</literal>”, например, |
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278 <var>$sent_http_content_range</var>. |
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279 </para> |
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280 |
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281 <para> |
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282 В конфигурации всегда существует предопределённый формат |
271 | 283 “<literal>combined</literal>”: |
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284 <example> |
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285 log_format combined '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] ' |
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286 '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent ' |
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287 '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"'; |
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288 </example> |
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289 </para> |
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290 |
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291 </directive> |
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292 |
364 | 293 |
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294 <directive name="open_log_file_cache"> |
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295 |
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296 <syntax> |
271 | 297 <literal>max</literal>=<value>N</value> |
298 [<literal>inactive</literal>=<value>время</value>] | |
299 [<literal>min_uses</literal>=<value>N</value>] | |
300 [<literal>valid</literal>=<value>время</value>]</syntax> | |
301 <syntax><literal>off</literal></syntax> | |
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302 <default>off</default> |
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303 <context>http</context> |
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304 <context>server</context> |
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305 <context>location</context> |
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306 |
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307 <para> |
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308 Задаёт кэш, в котором хранятся дескрипторы файлов часто используемых |
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309 логов, имена которых заданы с использованием переменных. |
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310 Параметры директивы: |
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311 <list type="tag"> |
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312 |
271 | 313 <tag-name><literal>max</literal></tag-name> |
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314 <tag-desc> |
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315 задаёт максимальное число дескрипторов в кэше; |
507 | 316 при переполнении кэша наименее востребованные (LRU) |
224
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317 дескрипторы закрываются |
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318 </tag-desc> |
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319 |
271 | 320 <tag-name><literal>inactive</literal></tag-name> |
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321 <tag-desc> |
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322 задаёт время, после которого закэшированный дескриптор закрывается, |
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323 если к нему не было обращений в течение этого времени; |
224
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324 по умолчанию 10 секунд |
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325 </tag-desc> |
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326 |
271 | 327 <tag-name><literal>min_uses</literal></tag-name> |
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328 <tag-desc> |
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329 задаёт минимальное число использований файла в течение |
271 | 330 времени, заданного параметром <literal>inactive</literal>, |
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331 после которого дескриптор файла будет оставаться открытым в кэше; |
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332 по умолчанию 1 |
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333 </tag-desc> |
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334 |
271 | 335 <tag-name><literal>valid</literal></tag-name> |
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336 <tag-desc> |
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337 задаёт, через какое время нужно проверять, что файл ещё |
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338 существует под тем же именем; |
224
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339 по умолчанию 60 секунд |
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340 </tag-desc> |
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341 |
271 | 342 <tag-name><literal>off</literal></tag-name> |
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343 <tag-desc> |
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344 запрещает кэш |
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345 </tag-desc> |
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346 |
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347 </list> |
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348 </para> |
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349 |
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350 <para> |
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351 Пример использования: |
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352 <example> |
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353 open_log_file_cache max=1000 inactive=20s valid=1m min_uses=2; |
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354 </example> |
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355 </para> |
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356 |
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Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
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changeset
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357 </directive> |
4a4caa566120
Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
358 |
4a4caa566120
Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
359 </section> |
4a4caa566120
Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
360 |
4a4caa566120
Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
361 </module> |