Mercurial > hg > nginx-site
annotate xml/en/docs/stream/ngx_stream_upstream_module.xml @ 2009:9b7302e3b21f
DevGuide: fixed variables example.
author | Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com> |
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date | Wed, 05 Jul 2017 15:30:48 +0300 |
parents | 6b6d0e844bf7 |
children | eb58ee50561d |
rev | line source |
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?> |
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2 |
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3 <!-- |
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4 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc. |
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5 --> |
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6 |
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7 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd"> |
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8 |
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9 <module name="Module ngx_stream_upstream_module" |
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10 link="/en/docs/stream/ngx_stream_upstream_module.html" |
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11 lang="en" |
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12 rev="25"> |
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13 |
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14 <section id="summary"> |
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15 |
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16 <para> |
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17 The <literal>ngx_stream_upstream_module</literal> module (1.9.0) |
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18 is used to define groups of servers that can be referenced |
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19 by the <link doc="ngx_stream_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_pass"/> |
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20 directive. |
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21 </para> |
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22 |
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23 </section> |
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24 |
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25 |
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26 <section id="example" name="Example Configuration"> |
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27 |
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28 <para> |
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29 <example> |
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30 upstream <emphasis>backend</emphasis> { |
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31 hash $remote_addr consistent; |
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32 |
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33 server backend1.example.com:12345 weight=5; |
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34 server backend2.example.com:12345; |
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35 server unix:/tmp/backend3; |
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36 |
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37 server backup1.example.com:12345 backup; |
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38 server backup2.example.com:12345 backup; |
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39 } |
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40 |
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41 server { |
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42 listen 12346; |
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43 proxy_pass <emphasis>backend</emphasis>; |
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44 } |
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45 </example> |
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46 </para> |
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47 |
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48 <para> |
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49 Dynamically configurable group with |
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50 periodic <link doc="ngx_stream_upstream_hc_module.xml">health checks</link> is |
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51 available as part of our |
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52 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>: |
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53 <example> |
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54 resolver 10.0.0.1; |
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55 |
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56 upstream <emphasis>dynamic</emphasis> { |
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57 zone upstream_dynamic 64k; |
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58 |
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59 server backend1.example.com:12345 weight=5; |
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60 server backend2.example.com:12345 fail_timeout=5s slow_start=30s; |
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61 server 192.0.2.1:12345 max_fails=3; |
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62 server backend3.example.com:12345 resolve; |
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63 server backend4.example.com service=http resolve; |
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64 |
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65 server backup1.example.com:12345 backup; |
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66 server backup2.example.com:12345 backup; |
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67 } |
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68 |
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69 server { |
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70 listen 12346; |
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71 proxy_pass <emphasis>dynamic</emphasis>; |
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72 health_check; |
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73 } |
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74 </example> |
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75 </para> |
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76 |
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77 </section> |
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78 |
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79 |
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80 <section id="directives" name="Directives"> |
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81 |
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82 <directive name="upstream"> |
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83 <syntax block="yes"><value>name</value></syntax> |
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84 <default/> |
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85 <context>stream</context> |
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86 |
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87 <para> |
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88 Defines a group of servers. |
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89 Servers can listen on different ports. |
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90 In addition, servers listening on TCP and UNIX-domain sockets |
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91 can be mixed. |
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92 </para> |
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93 |
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94 <para> |
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95 Example: |
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96 <example> |
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97 upstream backend { |
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98 server backend1.example.com:12345 weight=5; |
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99 server 127.0.0.1:12345 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; |
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100 server unix:/tmp/backend2; |
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101 server backend3.example.com:12345 resolve; |
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102 |
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103 server backup1.example.com:12345 backup; |
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104 } |
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105 </example> |
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106 </para> |
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107 |
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108 <para> |
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109 By default, connections are distributed between the servers using a |
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110 weighted round-robin balancing method. |
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111 In the above example, each 7 connections will be distributed as follows: |
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112 5 connections go to <literal>backend1.example.com:12345</literal> |
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113 and one connection to each of the second and third servers. |
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114 If an error occurs during communication with a server, the connection will |
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115 be passed to the next server, and so on until all of the functioning |
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116 servers will be tried. |
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117 If communication with all servers fails, the connection will be closed. |
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118 </para> |
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119 |
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120 </directive> |
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121 |
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122 |
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123 <directive name="server"> |
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124 <syntax><value>address</value> [<value>parameters</value>]</syntax> |
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125 <default/> |
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126 <context>upstream</context> |
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127 |
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128 <para> |
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129 Defines the <value>address</value> and other <value>parameters</value> |
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130 of a server. |
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131 The address can be specified as a domain name or IP address |
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132 with an obligatory port, or as a UNIX-domain socket path |
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133 specified after the “<literal>unix:</literal>” prefix. |
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134 A domain name that resolves to several IP addresses defines |
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135 multiple servers at once. |
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136 </para> |
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137 |
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138 <para> |
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139 The following parameters can be defined: |
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140 <list type="tag"> |
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141 |
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142 <tag-name id="weight"> |
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143 <literal>weight</literal>=<value>number</value> |
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144 </tag-name> |
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145 <tag-desc> |
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146 sets the weight of the server, by default, 1. |
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147 </tag-desc> |
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148 |
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149 <tag-name id="max_conns"> |
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150 <literal>max_conns</literal>=<value>number</value> |
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151 </tag-name> |
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152 <tag-desc> |
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153 limits the maximum <value>number</value> of simultaneous |
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154 connections to the proxied server (1.11.5). |
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155 Default value is zero, meaning there is no limit. |
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156 If the server group does not reside in the <link id="zone">shared memory</link>, |
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157 the limitation works per each worker process. |
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158 <note> |
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159 Prior to version 1.11.5, this parameter was available as part of our |
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160 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>. |
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161 </note> |
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162 </tag-desc> |
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163 |
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164 <tag-name id="max_fails"> |
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165 <literal>max_fails</literal>=<value>number</value> |
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166 </tag-name> |
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167 <tag-desc> |
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168 sets the number of unsuccessful attempts to communicate with the server |
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169 that should happen in the duration set by the <literal>fail_timeout</literal> |
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170 parameter to consider the server unavailable for a duration also set by the |
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171 <literal>fail_timeout</literal> parameter. |
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172 By default, the number of unsuccessful attempts is set to 1. |
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173 The zero value disables the accounting of attempts. |
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174 Here, an unsuccessful attempt is an error or timeout |
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175 while establishing a connection with the server. |
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176 </tag-desc> |
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177 |
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178 <tag-name id="fail_timeout"> |
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179 <literal>fail_timeout</literal>=<value>time</value> |
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180 </tag-name> |
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181 <tag-desc> |
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182 sets |
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183 <list type="bullet"> |
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184 |
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185 <listitem> |
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186 the time during which the specified number of unsuccessful attempts to |
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187 communicate with the server should happen to consider the server unavailable; |
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188 </listitem> |
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189 |
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190 <listitem> |
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191 and the period of time the server will be considered unavailable. |
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192 </listitem> |
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193 |
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194 </list> |
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195 By default, the parameter is set to 10 seconds. |
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196 </tag-desc> |
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197 |
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198 <tag-name id="backup"> |
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199 <literal>backup</literal> |
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200 </tag-name> |
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201 <tag-desc> |
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202 marks the server as a backup server. |
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203 Connections to the backup server will be passed |
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204 when the primary servers are unavailable. |
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205 </tag-desc> |
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206 |
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207 <tag-name id="down"> |
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208 <literal>down</literal> |
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209 </tag-name> |
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210 <tag-desc> |
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211 marks the server as permanently unavailable. |
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212 </tag-desc> |
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213 |
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214 </list> |
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215 </para> |
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216 |
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217 <para> |
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218 Additionally, |
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219 the following parameters are available as part of our |
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220 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>: |
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221 <list type="tag"> |
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222 |
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223 <tag-name id="resolve"> |
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224 <literal>resolve</literal> |
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225 </tag-name> |
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226 <tag-desc> |
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227 monitors changes of the IP addresses |
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228 that correspond to a domain name of the server, |
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229 and automatically modifies the upstream configuration |
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230 without the need of restarting nginx. |
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231 The server group must reside in the <link id="zone">shared memory</link>. |
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232 <para> |
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233 In order for this parameter to work, |
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234 the <link doc="ngx_stream_core_module.xml" id="resolver"/> directive |
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235 must be specified in the |
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236 <link doc="ngx_stream_core_module.xml" id="stream"/> block. |
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237 Example: |
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238 <example> |
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239 stream { |
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240 resolver 10.0.0.1; |
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241 |
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242 upstream u { |
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243 zone ...; |
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244 ... |
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245 server example.com:12345 resolve; |
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246 } |
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247 } |
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248 </example> |
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249 </para> |
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250 </tag-desc> |
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251 |
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252 <tag-name id="service"> |
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253 <literal>service</literal>=<value>name</value> |
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254 </tag-name> |
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255 <tag-desc> |
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256 enables resolving of DNS |
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257 <link url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2782">SRV</link> |
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258 records and sets the service <value>name</value> (1.9.13). |
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259 In order for this parameter to work, it is necessary to specify |
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260 the <link id="resolve"/> parameter for the server |
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261 and specify a hostname without a port number. |
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262 <para> |
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263 If the service name does not contain a dot (“<literal>.</literal>”), then |
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264 the <link url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2782">RFC</link>-compliant name |
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265 is constructed |
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266 and the TCP protocol is added to the service prefix. |
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267 For example, to look up the |
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268 <literal>_http._tcp.backend.example.com</literal> SRV record, |
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269 it is necessary to specify the directive: |
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270 <example> |
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271 server backend.example.com service=http resolve; |
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272 </example> |
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273 If the service name contains one or more dots, then the name is constructed |
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274 by joining the service prefix and the server name. |
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275 For example, to look up the <literal>_http._tcp.backend.example.com</literal> |
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276 and <literal>server1.backend.example.com</literal> SRV records, |
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277 it is necessary to specify the directives: |
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278 <example> |
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279 server backend.example.com service=_http._tcp resolve; |
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280 server example.com service=server1.backend resolve; |
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281 </example> |
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282 </para> |
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283 |
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284 <para> |
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285 Highest-priority SRV records |
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286 (records with the same lowest-number priority value) |
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287 are resolved as primary servers, |
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288 the rest of SRV records are resolved as backup servers. |
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289 If the <link id="backup"/> parameter is specified for the server, |
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290 high-priority SRV records are resolved as backup servers, |
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291 the rest of SRV records are ignored. |
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292 </para> |
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293 </tag-desc> |
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294 |
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295 <tag-name id="slow_start"> |
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296 <literal>slow_start</literal>=<value>time</value> |
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297 </tag-name> |
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298 <tag-desc> |
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299 sets the <value>time</value> during which the server will recover its weight |
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300 from zero to a nominal value, when unhealthy server becomes |
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301 <link doc="ngx_stream_upstream_hc_module.xml" id="health_check">healthy</link>, |
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302 or when the server becomes available after a period of time |
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303 it was considered <link id="fail_timeout">unavailable</link>. |
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304 Default value is zero, i.e. slow start is disabled. |
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305 <note> |
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306 The parameter cannot be used along with the |
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307 <link id="hash"/> load balancing method. |
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308 </note> |
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309 </tag-desc> |
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310 |
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311 </list> |
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312 </para> |
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313 |
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314 <para> |
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315 <note> |
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316 If there is only a single server in a group, <literal>max_fails</literal>, |
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317 <literal>fail_timeout</literal> and <literal>slow_start</literal> parameters |
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318 are ignored, and such a server will never be considered unavailable. |
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319 </note> |
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320 </para> |
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321 |
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322 </directive> |
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323 |
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324 |
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325 <directive name="zone"> |
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326 <syntax><value>name</value> [<value>size</value>]</syntax> |
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327 <default/> |
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328 <context>upstream</context> |
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329 |
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330 <para> |
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331 Defines the <value>name</value> and <value>size</value> of the shared |
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332 memory zone that keeps the group’s configuration and run-time state that are |
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333 shared between worker processes. |
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334 Several groups may share the same zone. |
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335 In this case, it is enough to specify the zone size only once. |
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336 </para> |
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337 |
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338 <para> |
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339 Additionally, |
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340 as part of our <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>, |
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341 such groups allow changing the group membership |
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342 or modifying the settings of a particular server |
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343 without the need of restarting nginx. |
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344 The configuration is accessible via a special location |
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345 handled by |
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346 <link doc="../http/ngx_http_upstream_conf_module.xml" id="upstream_conf"/>. |
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347 </para> |
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348 |
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349 </directive> |
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350 |
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351 |
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352 <directive name="state"> |
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353 <syntax><value>file</value></syntax> |
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354 <default/> |
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355 <context>upstream</context> |
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356 <appeared-in>1.9.7</appeared-in> |
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357 |
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358 <para> |
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359 Specifies a <value>file</value> that keeps the state |
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360 of the dynamically configurable group. |
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361 </para> |
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362 |
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363 <para> |
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364 Examples: |
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365 <example> |
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366 state /var/lib/nginx/state/servers.conf; # path for Linux |
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367 state /var/db/nginx/state/servers.conf; # path for FreeBSD |
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368 </example> |
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369 </para> |
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370 |
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371 <para> |
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372 The state is currently limited to the list of servers with their parameters. |
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373 The file is read when parsing the configuration and is updated each time |
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374 the upstream configuration is |
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375 <link doc="ngx_http_upstream_conf_module.xml" id="upstream_conf">changed</link>. |
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376 Changing the file content directly should be avoided. |
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377 The directive cannot be used |
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378 along with the <link id="server"/> directive. |
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379 </para> |
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380 |
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381 <para> |
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382 <note> |
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383 Changes made during |
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384 <link doc="../control.xml" id="reconfiguration">configuration reload</link> |
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385 or <link doc="../control.xml" id="upgrade">binary upgrade</link> |
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386 can be lost. |
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387 </note> |
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388 </para> |
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389 |
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390 <para> |
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391 <note> |
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392 This directive is available as part of our |
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393 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>. |
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394 </note> |
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395 </para> |
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396 |
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397 </directive> |
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398 |
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399 |
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400 <directive name="hash"> |
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401 <syntax><value>key</value> [<literal>consistent</literal>]</syntax> |
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402 <default/> |
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403 <context>upstream</context> |
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404 |
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405 <para> |
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406 Specifies a load balancing method for a server group |
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407 where client-server mapping is based on the hashed <value>key</value> value. |
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408 The <value>key</value> can contain text, variables, |
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409 and their combinations (1.11.2). |
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410 Usage example: |
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411 <example> |
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412 hash $remote_addr; |
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413 </example> |
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414 Note that adding or removing a server from the group |
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415 may result in remapping most of the keys to different servers. |
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416 The method is compatible with the |
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417 <link url="http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?Cache%3A%3AMemcached">Cache::Memcached</link> |
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418 Perl library. |
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419 </para> |
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420 |
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421 <para> |
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422 If the <literal>consistent</literal> parameter is specified, |
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423 the <link url="http://www.last.fm/user/RJ/journal/2007/04/10/392555/">ketama</link> |
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424 consistent hashing method will be used instead. |
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425 The method ensures that only a few keys |
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426 will be remapped to different servers |
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427 when a server is added to or removed from the group. |
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428 This helps to achieve a higher cache hit ratio for caching servers. |
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429 The method is compatible with the |
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430 <link url="http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?Cache%3A%3AMemcached%3A%3AFast">Cache::Memcached::Fast</link> |
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431 Perl library with the <value>ketama_points</value> parameter set to 160. |
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432 </para> |
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433 |
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434 </directive> |
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435 |
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436 |
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437 <directive name="least_conn"> |
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438 <syntax/> |
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439 <default/> |
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440 <context>upstream</context> |
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441 |
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442 <para> |
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443 Specifies that a server group should use a load balancing method |
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444 where a connection |
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445 is passed to the server with the least number of active connections, |
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446 taking into account weights of servers. |
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447 If there are several such servers, they are tried in turn using a |
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448 weighted round-robin balancing method. |
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|
449 </para> |
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450 |
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451 </directive> |
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452 |
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453 |
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454 <directive name="least_time"> |
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455 <syntax> |
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456 <literal>connect</literal> | |
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457 <literal>first_byte</literal> | |
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458 <literal>last_byte</literal> |
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459 [<literal>inflight</literal>]</syntax> |
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460 <default/> |
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461 <context>upstream</context> |
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462 |
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463 <para> |
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464 Specifies that a group should use a load balancing method where a connection |
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465 is passed to the server with the least average time and |
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466 least number of active connections, taking into account weights of servers. |
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467 If there are several such servers, they are tried in turn using a |
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468 weighted round-robin balancing method. |
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469 </para> |
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470 |
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471 <para> |
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472 If the <literal>connect</literal> parameter is specified, |
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473 time to connect to the upstream server is used. |
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474 If the <literal>first_byte</literal> parameter is specified, |
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475 time to receive the first byte of data is used. |
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476 If the <literal>last_byte</literal> is specified, |
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477 time to receive the last byte of data is used. |
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478 If the <literal>inflight</literal> parameter is specified (1.11.6), |
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479 incomplete connections are also taken into account. |
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480 <note> |
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481 Prior to version 1.11.6, |
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482 incomplete connections were taken into account by default. |
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483 </note> |
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484 </para> |
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485 |
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486 <para> |
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487 <note> |
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488 This directive is available as part of our |
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489 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>. |
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490 </note> |
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491 </para> |
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|
492 |
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493 </directive> |
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494 |
1367
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495 </section> |
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496 |
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497 |
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498 <section id="variables" name="Embedded Variables"> |
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499 |
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500 <para> |
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501 The <literal>ngx_stream_upstream_module</literal> module |
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502 supports the following embedded variables: |
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503 <list type="tag"> |
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504 |
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505 <tag-name id="var_upstream_addr"><var>$upstream_addr</var></tag-name> |
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506 <tag-desc> |
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507 keeps the IP address and port, |
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508 or the path to the UNIX-domain socket of the upstream server (1.11.4). |
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509 If several servers were contacted during proxying, |
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510 their addresses are separated by commas, e.g. |
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511 “<literal>192.168.1.1:12345, 192.168.1.2:12345, unix:/tmp/sock</literal>”. |
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512 </tag-desc> |
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513 |
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514 <tag-name id="var_upstream_bytes_sent"><var>$upstream_bytes_sent</var></tag-name> |
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515 <tag-desc> |
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516 number of bytes sent to an upstream server (1.11.4). |
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517 Values from several connections |
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518 are separated by commas like addresses in the |
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519 <link id="var_upstream_addr">$upstream_addr</link> variable. |
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|
520 </tag-desc> |
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521 |
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522 <tag-name id="var_upstream_bytes_received"><var>$upstream_bytes_received</var></tag-name> |
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523 <tag-desc> |
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524 number of bytes received from an upstream server (1.11.4). |
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525 Values from several connections |
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526 are separated by commas like addresses in the |
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527 <link id="var_upstream_addr">$upstream_addr</link> variable. |
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528 </tag-desc> |
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529 |
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Documented $upstream_connect_time, $upstream_first_byte_time, $upstream_session_time.
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530 <tag-name id="var_upstream_connect_time"><var>$upstream_connect_time</var></tag-name> |
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531 <tag-desc> |
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|
532 time to connect to the upstream server (1.11.4); |
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533 the time is kept in seconds with millisecond resolution. |
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534 Times of several connections |
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535 are separated by commas like addresses in the |
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536 <link id="var_upstream_addr">$upstream_addr</link> variable. |
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537 </tag-desc> |
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|
538 |
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Documented $upstream_connect_time, $upstream_first_byte_time, $upstream_session_time.
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539 <tag-name id="var_upstream_first_byte_time"><var>$upstream_first_byte_time</var></tag-name> |
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|
540 <tag-desc> |
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541 time to receive the first byte of data (1.11.4); |
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|
542 the time is kept in seconds with millisecond resolution. |
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543 Times of several connections |
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Documented $upstream_connect_time, $upstream_first_byte_time, $upstream_session_time.
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544 are separated by commas like addresses in the |
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545 <link id="var_upstream_addr">$upstream_addr</link> variable. |
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Documented $upstream_connect_time, $upstream_first_byte_time, $upstream_session_time.
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|
546 </tag-desc> |
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Documented $upstream_connect_time, $upstream_first_byte_time, $upstream_session_time.
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|
547 |
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Documented $upstream_connect_time, $upstream_first_byte_time, $upstream_session_time.
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|
548 <tag-name id="var_upstream_session_time"><var>$upstream_session_time</var></tag-name> |
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Documented $upstream_connect_time, $upstream_first_byte_time, $upstream_session_time.
Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com>
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|
549 <tag-desc> |
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Documented $upstream_connect_time, $upstream_first_byte_time, $upstream_session_time.
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parents:
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diff
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|
550 session duration in seconds with millisecond resolution (1.11.4). |
e1e0c5b27515
Documented $upstream_connect_time, $upstream_first_byte_time, $upstream_session_time.
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|
551 Times of several connections |
e1e0c5b27515
Documented $upstream_connect_time, $upstream_first_byte_time, $upstream_session_time.
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diff
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|
552 are separated by commas like addresses in the |
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Documented $upstream_connect_time, $upstream_first_byte_time, $upstream_session_time.
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|
553 <link id="var_upstream_addr">$upstream_addr</link> variable. |
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Documented $upstream_connect_time, $upstream_first_byte_time, $upstream_session_time.
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|
554 </tag-desc> |
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Documented $upstream_connect_time, $upstream_first_byte_time, $upstream_session_time.
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|
555 |
1772
536dc1885e24
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diff
changeset
|
556 </list> |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
557 </para> |
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Documented the $upstream_addr variable in stream.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
558 |
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Documented the $upstream_addr variable in stream.
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|
559 </section> |
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Documented the $upstream_addr variable in stream.
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|
560 |
1367
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Updated commercial docs for the upcoming release.
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
561 </module> |