Mercurial > hg > nginx-site
annotate xml/en/docs/stream/ngx_stream_upstream_module.xml @ 1630:6edda6c6f42f
Donor added.
author | Maxim Konovalov <maxim@nginx.com> |
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date | Tue, 22 Dec 2015 17:36:04 +0000 |
parents | 201bf8fa69e5 |
children | 44c4323144c5 |
rev | line source |
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?> |
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2 |
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3 <!-- |
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4 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc. |
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5 --> |
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6 |
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7 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd"> |
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8 |
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9 <module name="Module ngx_stream_upstream_module" |
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10 link="/en/docs/stream/ngx_stream_upstream_module.html" |
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11 lang="en" |
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12 rev="8"> |
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13 |
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14 <section id="summary"> |
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15 |
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16 <para> |
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17 The <literal>ngx_stream_upstream_module</literal> module (1.9.0) |
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18 is used to define groups of servers that can be referenced |
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19 by the <link doc="ngx_stream_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_pass"/> |
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20 directive. |
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21 </para> |
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22 |
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23 </section> |
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24 |
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25 |
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26 <section id="example" name="Example Configuration"> |
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27 |
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28 <para> |
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29 <example> |
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30 upstream <emphasis>backend</emphasis> { |
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31 hash $remote_addr consistent; |
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32 |
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33 server backend1.example.com:12345 weight=5; |
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34 server backend2.example.com:12345; |
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35 server unix:/tmp/backend3; |
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36 |
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37 server backup1.example.com:12345 backup; |
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38 server backup2.example.com:12345 backup; |
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39 } |
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40 |
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41 server { |
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42 listen 12346; |
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43 proxy_pass <emphasis>backend</emphasis>; |
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44 } |
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45 </example> |
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46 </para> |
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47 |
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48 <para> |
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49 Dynamically configurable group, |
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50 available as part of our |
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51 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>: |
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52 <example> |
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53 resolver 10.0.0.1; |
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54 |
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55 upstream <emphasis>dynamic</emphasis> { |
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56 zone upstream_dynamic 64k; |
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57 |
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58 server backend1.example.com:12345 weight=5; |
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59 server backend2.example.com:12345 fail_timeout=5s slow_start=30s; |
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60 server 192.0.2.1:12345 max_fails=3; |
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61 server backend3.example.com:12345 resolve; |
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62 |
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63 server backup1.example.com:12345 backup; |
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64 server backup2.example.com:12345 backup; |
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65 } |
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66 |
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67 server { |
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68 listen 12346; |
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69 proxy_pass <emphasis>dynamic</emphasis>; |
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70 health_check; |
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71 } |
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72 </example> |
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73 </para> |
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74 |
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75 </section> |
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76 |
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77 |
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78 <section id="directives" name="Directives"> |
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79 |
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80 <directive name="upstream"> |
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81 <syntax block="yes"><value>name</value></syntax> |
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82 <default/> |
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83 <context>stream</context> |
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84 |
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85 <para> |
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86 Defines a group of servers. |
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87 Servers can listen on different ports. |
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88 In addition, servers listening on TCP and UNIX-domain sockets |
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89 can be mixed. |
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90 </para> |
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91 |
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92 <para> |
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93 Example: |
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94 <example> |
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95 upstream backend { |
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96 server backend1.example.com:12345 weight=5; |
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97 server 127.0.0.1:12345 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; |
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98 server unix:/tmp/backend2; |
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99 server backend3.example.com:12345 resolve; |
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100 |
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101 server backup1.example.com:12345 backup; |
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102 } |
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103 </example> |
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104 </para> |
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105 |
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106 <para> |
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107 By default, connections are distributed between the servers using a |
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108 weighted round-robin balancing method. |
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109 In the above example, each 7 connections will be distributed as follows: |
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110 5 connections go to <literal>backend1.example.com:12345</literal> |
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111 and one connection to each of the second and third servers. |
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112 If an error occurs during communication with a server, the connection will |
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113 be passed to the next server, and so on until all of the functioning |
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114 servers will be tried. |
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115 If communication with all servers fails, the connection will be closed. |
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116 </para> |
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117 |
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118 </directive> |
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119 |
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120 |
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121 <directive name="server"> |
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122 <syntax><value>address</value> [<value>parameters</value>]</syntax> |
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123 <default/> |
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124 <context>upstream</context> |
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125 |
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126 <para> |
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127 Defines the <value>address</value> and other <value>parameters</value> |
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128 of a server. |
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129 The address can be specified as a domain name or IP address |
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130 with an obligatory port, or as a UNIX-domain socket path |
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131 specified after the “<literal>unix:</literal>” prefix. |
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132 A domain name that resolves to several IP addresses defines |
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133 multiple servers at once. |
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134 </para> |
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135 |
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136 <para> |
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137 The following parameters can be defined: |
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138 <list type="tag"> |
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139 |
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140 <tag-name id="weight"> |
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141 <literal>weight</literal>=<value>number</value> |
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142 </tag-name> |
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143 <tag-desc> |
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144 sets the weight of the server, by default, 1. |
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145 </tag-desc> |
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146 |
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147 <tag-name id="max_fails"> |
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148 <literal>max_fails</literal>=<value>number</value> |
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149 </tag-name> |
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150 <tag-desc> |
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151 sets the number of unsuccessful attempts to communicate with the server |
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152 that should happen in the duration set by the <literal>fail_timeout</literal> |
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153 parameter to consider the server unavailable for a duration also set by the |
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154 <literal>fail_timeout</literal> parameter. |
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155 By default, the number of unsuccessful attempts is set to 1. |
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156 The zero value disables the accounting of attempts. |
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157 Here, an unsuccessful attempt is an error or timeout |
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158 while establishing a connection with the server. |
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159 </tag-desc> |
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160 |
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161 <tag-name id="fail_timeout"> |
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162 <literal>fail_timeout</literal>=<value>time</value> |
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163 </tag-name> |
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164 <tag-desc> |
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165 sets |
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166 <list type="bullet"> |
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167 |
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168 <listitem> |
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169 the time during which the specified number of unsuccessful attempts to |
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170 communicate with the server should happen to consider the server unavailable; |
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171 </listitem> |
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172 |
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173 <listitem> |
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174 and the period of time the server will be considered unavailable. |
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175 </listitem> |
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176 |
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177 </list> |
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178 By default, the parameter is set to 10 seconds. |
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179 </tag-desc> |
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180 |
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181 <tag-name id="backup"> |
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182 <literal>backup</literal> |
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183 </tag-name> |
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184 <tag-desc> |
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185 marks the server as a backup server. |
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186 Connections to the backup server will be passed |
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187 when the primary servers are unavailable. |
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188 </tag-desc> |
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189 |
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190 <tag-name id="down"> |
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191 <literal>down</literal> |
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192 </tag-name> |
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193 <tag-desc> |
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194 marks the server as permanently unavailable. |
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195 </tag-desc> |
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196 |
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197 </list> |
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198 </para> |
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199 |
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200 <para> |
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201 Additionally, |
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202 the following parameters are available as part of our |
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203 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>: |
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204 <list type="tag"> |
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205 |
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206 <tag-name id="max_conns"> |
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207 <literal>max_conns</literal>=<value>number</value> |
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208 </tag-name> |
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209 <tag-desc> |
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210 limits the maximum <value>number</value> of simultaneous connections to the |
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211 proxied server. |
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212 Default value is zero, meaning there is no limit. |
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213 </tag-desc> |
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214 |
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215 <tag-name id="resolve"> |
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216 <literal>resolve</literal> |
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217 </tag-name> |
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218 <tag-desc> |
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219 monitors changes of the IP addresses |
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220 that correspond to a domain name of the server, |
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221 and automatically modifies the upstream configuration |
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222 without the need of restarting nginx. |
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223 The server group must reside in the <link id="zone">shared memory</link>. |
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224 <para> |
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225 In order for this parameter to work, |
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226 the <link doc="ngx_stream_core_module.xml" id="resolver"/> directive |
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227 must be specified in the |
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228 <link doc="ngx_stream_core_module.xml" id="stream"/> block. |
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229 Example: |
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230 <example> |
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231 stream { |
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232 resolver 10.0.0.1; |
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233 |
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234 upstream u { |
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235 zone ...; |
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236 ... |
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237 server example.com:12345 resolve; |
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238 } |
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239 } |
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240 </example> |
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241 </para> |
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242 </tag-desc> |
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243 |
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244 <tag-name id="slow_start"> |
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245 <literal>slow_start</literal>=<value>time</value> |
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246 </tag-name> |
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247 <tag-desc> |
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248 sets the <value>time</value> during which the server will recover its weight |
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249 from zero to a nominal value, |
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250 or when the server becomes available after a period of time |
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251 it was considered <link id="fail_timeout">unavailable</link>. |
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252 Default value is zero, i.e. slow start is disabled. |
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253 </tag-desc> |
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254 |
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255 </list> |
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256 </para> |
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257 |
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258 <para> |
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259 <note> |
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260 If there is only a single server in a group, <literal>max_fails</literal>, |
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261 <literal>fail_timeout</literal> and <literal>slow_start</literal> parameters |
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262 are ignored, and such a server will never be considered unavailable. |
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263 </note> |
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264 </para> |
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265 |
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266 </directive> |
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267 |
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268 |
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269 <directive name="zone"> |
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270 <syntax><value>name</value> [<value>size</value>]</syntax> |
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271 <default/> |
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272 <context>upstream</context> |
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273 |
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274 <para> |
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275 Defines the <value>name</value> and <value>size</value> of the shared |
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276 memory zone that keeps the group’s configuration and run-time state that are |
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277 shared between worker processes. |
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278 Several groups may share the same zone. |
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279 In this case, it is enough to specify the zone size only once. |
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280 </para> |
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281 |
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282 <para> |
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283 Additionally, |
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284 as part of our <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>, |
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285 such groups allow changing the group membership |
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286 or modifying the settings of a particular server |
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287 without the need of restarting nginx. |
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288 The configuration is accessible via a special location |
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289 handled by |
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290 <link doc="../http/ngx_http_upstream_conf_module.xml" id="upstream_conf"/>. |
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291 </para> |
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292 |
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293 </directive> |
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294 |
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295 |
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296 <directive name="hash"> |
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297 <syntax><value>key</value> [<literal>consistent</literal>]</syntax> |
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298 <default/> |
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299 <context>upstream</context> |
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300 |
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301 <para> |
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302 Specifies a load balancing method for a server group |
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303 where client-server mapping is based on the hashed <value>key</value> value. |
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304 Currently, the only supported value for the <literal>key</literal> |
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305 is the client remote address specified as <literal>$remote_addr</literal>. |
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306 Note that adding or removing a server from the group |
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307 may result in remapping most of the keys to different servers. |
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308 The method is compatible with the |
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309 <link url="http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?Cache%3A%3AMemcached">Cache::Memcached</link> |
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310 Perl library. |
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311 </para> |
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312 |
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313 <para> |
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314 If the <literal>consistent</literal> parameter is specified, |
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315 the <link url="http://www.last.fm/user/RJ/journal/2007/04/10/392555/">ketama</link> |
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316 consistent hashing method will be used instead. |
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317 The method ensures that only a few keys |
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318 will be remapped to different servers |
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319 when a server is added to or removed from the group. |
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320 This helps to achieve a higher cache hit ratio for caching servers. |
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321 The method is compatible with the |
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322 <link url="http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?Cache%3A%3AMemcached%3A%3AFast">Cache::Memcached::Fast</link> |
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323 Perl library with the <value>ketama_points</value> parameter set to 160. |
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324 </para> |
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325 |
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326 </directive> |
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327 |
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328 |
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329 <directive name="least_conn"> |
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330 <syntax/> |
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331 <default/> |
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332 <context>upstream</context> |
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333 |
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334 <para> |
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335 Specifies that a server group should use a load balancing method |
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336 where a connection |
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337 is passed to the server with the least number of active connections, |
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338 taking into account weights of servers. |
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339 If there are several such servers, they are tried in turn using a |
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340 weighted round-robin balancing method. |
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341 </para> |
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342 |
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343 </directive> |
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344 |
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345 |
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346 <directive name="least_time"> |
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347 <syntax><literal>connect</literal> | |
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348 <literal>first_byte</literal> | |
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349 <literal>last_byte</literal></syntax> |
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350 <default/> |
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351 <context>upstream</context> |
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352 |
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353 <para> |
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354 Specifies that a group should use a load balancing method where a connection |
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355 is passed to the server with the least average time and |
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356 least number of active connections, taking into account weights of servers. |
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357 If there are several such servers, they are tried in turn using a |
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358 weighted round-robin balancing method. |
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359 </para> |
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360 |
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361 <para> |
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362 If the <literal>connect</literal> parameter is specified, |
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363 time to connect to the upstream server is used. |
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364 If the <literal>first_byte</literal> parameter is specified, |
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365 time to receive the first byte of data is used. |
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366 If the <literal>last_byte</literal> is specified, |
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367 time to receive the last byte of data is used. |
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368 </para> |
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369 |
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370 <para> |
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371 <note> |
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372 This directive is available as part of our |
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373 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>. |
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374 </note> |
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375 </para> |
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376 |
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377 </directive> |
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378 |
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379 |
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380 <directive name="health_check"> |
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381 <syntax>[<value>parameters</value>]</syntax> |
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382 <default/> |
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383 <context>server</context> |
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384 |
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385 <para> |
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386 Enables periodic health checks of the servers in a |
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387 <link id="upstream">group</link>. |
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388 </para> |
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389 |
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390 <para> |
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391 The following optional parameters are supported: |
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392 <list type="tag"> |
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393 |
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394 <tag-name id="interval"> |
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395 <literal>interval</literal>=<value>time</value> |
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396 </tag-name> |
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397 <tag-desc> |
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398 sets the interval between two consecutive health checks, |
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399 by default, 5 seconds; |
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400 </tag-desc> |
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401 |
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402 <tag-name id="fails"> |
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403 <literal>fails</literal>=<value>number</value> |
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404 </tag-name> |
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405 <tag-desc> |
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406 sets the number of consecutive failed health checks of a particular server |
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407 after which this server will be considered unhealthy, |
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408 by default, 1; |
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409 </tag-desc> |
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410 |
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411 <tag-name id="passes"> |
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412 <literal>passes</literal>=<value>number</value> |
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413 </tag-name> |
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414 <tag-desc> |
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415 sets the number of consecutive passed health checks of a particular server |
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416 after which the server will be considered healthy, |
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417 by default, 1; |
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418 </tag-desc> |
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419 |
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420 <tag-name id="hc_match"> |
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421 <literal>match</literal>=<value>name</value> |
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422 </tag-name> |
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423 <tag-desc> |
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424 specifies the <literal>match</literal> block configuring the tests that a |
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425 successful connection should pass in order for a health check to pass; |
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426 by default, only the ability to connect to the server is checked. |
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427 </tag-desc> |
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428 |
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429 </list> |
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430 </para> |
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431 |
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432 <para> |
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433 For example, |
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434 <example> |
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435 server { |
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436 proxy_pass backend; |
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437 health_check; |
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438 } |
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439 </example> |
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440 will check the ability to connect to each |
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441 server in the <literal>backend</literal> group every five seconds. |
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442 When a connection to the server cannot be established, |
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443 the health check will fail, and the server will |
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444 be considered unhealthy. |
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445 Client connections are not passed to unhealthy servers. |
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446 </para> |
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447 |
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448 <para> |
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449 Health checks can also be configured to test data obtained from the server. |
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450 Tests are configured separately using the <link id="match"/> directive |
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451 and referenced in the <literal>match</literal> parameter. |
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452 </para> |
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453 |
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454 <para> |
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455 The server group must reside in the <link id="zone">shared memory</link>. |
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456 </para> |
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457 |
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458 <para> |
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459 If several health checks are defined for the same group of servers, |
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460 a single failure of any check will make the corresponding server be |
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461 considered unhealthy. |
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462 </para> |
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463 |
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464 <para> |
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465 <note> |
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466 This directive is available as part of our |
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467 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>. |
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468 </note> |
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469 </para> |
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470 |
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471 </directive> |
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472 |
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473 |
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474 <directive name="health_check_timeout"> |
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475 <syntax><value>timeout</value></syntax> |
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476 <default>5s</default> |
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477 <context>stream</context> |
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478 <context>server</context> |
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479 |
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480 <para> |
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481 Overrides the |
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482 <link doc="ngx_stream_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_timeout"/> |
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483 value for health checks. |
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484 </para> |
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485 |
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486 <para> |
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487 <note> |
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488 This directive is available as part of our |
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489 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>. |
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490 </note> |
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491 </para> |
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492 |
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493 </directive> |
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494 |
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495 |
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496 <directive name="match"> |
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497 <syntax block="yes"><value>name</value> </syntax> |
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498 <default/> |
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499 <context>stream</context> |
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500 |
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501 <para> |
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502 Defines the named test set used to verify server responses to health checks. |
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503 </para> |
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504 |
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505 <para> |
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506 The following parameters can be configured: |
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507 <list type="tag"> |
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508 |
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509 <tag-name> |
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510 <literal>send</literal> <value>string</value>; |
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511 </tag-name> |
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512 <tag-desc> |
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513 sends a <value>string</value> to the server; |
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514 </tag-desc> |
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515 |
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516 <tag-name> |
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517 <literal>expect</literal> <literal>~</literal> <value>regexp</value>; |
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518 </tag-name> |
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519 <tag-desc> |
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520 a regular expression that the data obtained from the server should match. |
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521 The regular expression is specified with the preceding |
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522 “<literal>~*</literal>” modifier (for case-insensitive matching), or the |
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523 “<literal>~</literal>” modifier (for case-sensitive matching). |
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524 </tag-desc> |
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525 |
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526 </list> |
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527 </para> |
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|
528 |
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529 <para> |
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530 Health check is passed if: |
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531 <list type="bullet"> |
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532 <listitem> |
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533 the connection was successfully established; |
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534 </listitem> |
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535 |
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536 <listitem> |
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537 the <value>string</value> from the <literal>send</literal> parameter, |
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538 if specified, was sent; |
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539 </listitem> |
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540 |
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541 <listitem> |
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542 the data obtained from the server matched the regular expression |
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543 from the <literal>expect</literal> parameter, if specified; |
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544 </listitem> |
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545 |
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546 <listitem> |
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547 the time elapsed does not exceed the value specified |
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548 in the <link id="health_check_timeout"/> directive. |
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549 </listitem> |
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550 |
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551 </list> |
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552 </para> |
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553 |
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554 <para> |
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555 Example: |
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556 <example> |
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557 upstream backend { |
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558 zone upstream_backend 10m; |
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559 server 127.0.0.1:12345; |
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560 } |
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561 |
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562 match http { |
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|
563 send "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: localhost\r\n\r\n"; |
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564 expect ~ "200 OK"; |
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565 } |
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|
566 |
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567 server { |
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|
568 listen 12346; |
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|
569 proxy_pass backend; |
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|
570 health_check match=http; |
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|
571 } |
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572 </example> |
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573 </para> |
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|
574 |
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575 <para> |
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576 <note> |
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577 Only the first |
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578 <link doc="ngx_stream_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_upstream_buffer"/> |
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579 bytes of data obtained from the server are examined. |
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|
580 </note> |
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|
581 </para> |
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|
582 |
1462
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583 <para> |
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|
584 <note> |
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|
585 This directive is available as part of our |
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586 <commercial_version>commercial subscription</commercial_version>. |
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|
587 </note> |
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|
588 </para> |
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|
589 |
1450
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|
590 </directive> |
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|
591 |
1367
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|
592 </section> |
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|
593 |
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|
594 </module> |