Mercurial > hg > nginx-site
annotate xml/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_limit_req_module.xml @ 2841:55a573521ac3
Linux packages: added Ubuntu 22.04 "jammy".
author | Konstantin Pavlov <thresh@nginx.com> |
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date | Fri, 29 Apr 2022 21:36:07 +0400 |
parents | eeed494bba51 |
children | 9eadb98ec770 |
rev | line source |
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222
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?> |
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2 |
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3 <!-- |
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4 Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev |
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5 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc. |
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6 --> |
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7 |
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8 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd"> |
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9 |
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10 <module name="Модуль ngx_http_limit_req_module" |
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11 link="/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_limit_req_module.html" |
589 | 12 lang="ru" |
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13 rev="16"> |
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14 |
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15 <section id="summary"> |
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16 |
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17 <para> |
271 | 18 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_limit_req_module</literal> (0.7.21) позволяет |
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19 ограничить скорость обработки запросов по заданному ключу или, |
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20 как частный случай, скорость обработки запросов, поступающих |
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21 с одного IP-адреса. |
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22 Ограничение обеспечивается с помощью метода “leaky bucket”. |
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23 </para> |
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24 |
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25 </section> |
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26 |
364 | 27 |
28 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации"> | |
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29 |
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30 <para> |
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31 <example> |
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32 http { |
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33 limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r/s; |
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34 |
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35 ... |
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36 |
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37 server { |
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38 |
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39 ... |
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40 |
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41 location /search/ { |
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42 limit_req zone=one burst=5; |
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43 } |
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44 </example> |
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45 </para> |
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46 |
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47 </section> |
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48 |
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49 |
364 | 50 <section id="directives" name="Директивы"> |
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51 |
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52 <directive name="limit_req"> |
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53 <syntax> |
271 | 54 <literal>zone</literal>=<value>название</value> |
55 [<literal>burst</literal>=<value>число</value>] | |
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56 [<literal>nodelay</literal> | |
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57 <literal>delay</literal>=<value>число</value>]</syntax> |
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58 <default/> |
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59 <context>http</context> |
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60 <context>server</context> |
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61 <context>location</context> |
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62 |
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63 <para> |
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64 Задаёт зону разделяемой памяти (<literal>zone</literal>) |
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65 и максимальный размер всплеска запросов (<literal>burst</literal>). |
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66 Если скорость поступления запросов превышает описанную в зоне, |
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67 то их обработка задерживается так, чтобы запросы обрабатывались |
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68 с заданной скоростью. |
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69 Избыточные запросы задерживаются до тех пор, пока их число |
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70 не превысит максимальный размер всплеска. |
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71 При превышении запрос завершается с |
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72 <link id="limit_req_status">ошибкой</link>. |
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73 По умолчанию максимальный размер всплеска равен нулю. |
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74 Например, директивы |
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75 <example> |
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76 limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r/s; |
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77 |
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78 server { |
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79 location /search/ { |
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80 limit_req zone=one burst=5; |
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81 } |
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82 </example> |
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83 позволяют в среднем не более 1 запроса в секунду |
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84 со всплесками не более 5 запросов. |
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85 </para> |
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86 |
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87 <para> |
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88 Если же избыточные запросы в пределах лимита всплесков задерживать |
271 | 89 не требуется, то следует использовать параметр <literal>nodelay</literal>: |
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90 <example> |
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91 limit_req zone=one burst=5 nodelay; |
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92 </example> |
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93 </para> |
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94 |
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95 <para id="limit_req_delay"> |
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96 Параметр <literal>delay</literal> (1.15.7) задаёт лимит, |
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97 по достижении которого избыточные запросы задерживаются. |
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98 Значение по умолчанию равно нулю и означает, |
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99 что задерживаются все избыточные запросы. |
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100 </para> |
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101 |
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102 <para> |
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103 Директив <literal>limit_req</literal> может быть несколько. |
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104 Например, следующая конфигурация ограничивает скорость обработки запросов, |
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105 поступающих с одного IP-адреса, и в то же время ограничивает |
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106 скорость обработки запросов одним виртуальным сервером: |
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107 <example> |
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108 limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=perip:10m rate=1r/s; |
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109 limit_req_zone $server_name zone=perserver:10m rate=10r/s; |
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110 |
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111 server { |
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112 ... |
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113 limit_req zone=perip burst=5 nodelay; |
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114 limit_req zone=perserver burst=10; |
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115 } |
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116 </example> |
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117 |
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118 </para> |
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119 |
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120 <para> |
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121 Директивы наследуются с предыдущего уровня конфигурации при условии, что |
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122 на данном уровне не описаны свои директивы <literal>limit_req</literal>. |
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123 </para> |
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124 |
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125 </directive> |
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126 |
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127 |
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128 <directive name="limit_req_dry_run"> |
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129 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax> |
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130 <default>off</default> |
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131 <context>http</context> |
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132 <context>server</context> |
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133 <context>location</context> |
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134 <appeared-in>1.17.1</appeared-in> |
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135 |
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136 <para> |
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137 Включает режим пробного запуска. |
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138 В данном режиме скорость обработки запросов не ограничивается, однако |
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139 в зоне разделяемой памяти текущее число избыточных запросов учитывается |
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140 как обычно. |
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141 </para> |
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142 |
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143 </directive> |
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144 |
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145 |
76
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146 <directive name="limit_req_log_level"> |
179
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147 <syntax> |
271 | 148 <literal>info</literal> | |
149 <literal>notice</literal> | | |
150 <literal>warn</literal> | | |
151 <literal>error</literal></syntax> | |
102
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152 <default>error</default> |
179
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153 <context>http</context> |
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154 <context>server</context> |
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155 <context>location</context> |
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156 <appeared-in>0.8.18</appeared-in> |
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157 |
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158 <para> |
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159 Задаёт желаемый уровень записи в лог |
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160 случаев отказа в обработке запросов при превышении скорости |
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161 и случаев задержек при обработке запроса. |
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162 Задержки записываются в лог с уровнем на единицу меньшим, чем отказы, |
271 | 163 например, если указано “<literal>limit_req_log_level notice</literal>”, |
164 то задержки будут записываться в лог на уровне <literal>info</literal>. | |
179
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165 </para> |
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166 |
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167 </directive> |
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168 |
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169 |
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170 <directive name="limit_req_status"> |
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171 <syntax><value>код</value></syntax> |
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172 <default>503</default> |
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173 <context>http</context> |
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174 <context>server</context> |
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175 <context>location</context> |
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176 <appeared-in>1.3.15</appeared-in> |
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177 |
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178 <para> |
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179 Позволяет переопределить код ответа, используемый при отклонении запросов. |
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180 </para> |
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181 |
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182 </directive> |
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183 |
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184 |
179
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185 <directive name="limit_req_zone"> |
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186 <syntax> |
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187 <value>ключ</value> |
271 | 188 <literal>zone</literal>=<value>название</value>:<value>размер</value> |
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189 <literal>rate</literal>=<value>скорость</value> |
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190 [<literal>sync</literal>]</syntax> |
179
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191 <default/> |
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192 <context>http</context> |
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193 |
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194 <para> |
575
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195 Задаёт параметры зоны разделяемой памяти, |
179
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196 которая хранит состояние для разных значений ключа. |
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197 Состояние в частности хранит текущее число избыточных запросов. |
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198 В качестве ключа можно использовать текст, переменные и их комбинации. |
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199 Запросы с пустым значением ключа не учитываются. |
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200 <note> |
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201 До версии 1.7.6 в качестве ключа можно было задать ровно одну переменную. |
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202 </note> |
179
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203 Пример использования: |
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204 <example> |
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205 limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r/s; |
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206 </example> |
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207 </para> |
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208 |
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209 <para> |
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210 В данном случае состояния хранятся в зоне “one” размером 10 мегабайт, |
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211 и средняя скорость обработки запросов для этой зоны не может превышать |
179
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212 1 запроса в секунду. |
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213 </para> |
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214 |
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215 <para> |
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216 В качестве ключа используется IP-адрес клиента. |
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217 Обратите внимание, что вместо переменной <var>$remote_addr</var> используется |
1699
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218 переменная <var>$binary_remote_addr</var>. |
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219 Длина значения переменной <var>$binary_remote_addr</var> всегда |
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220 равна 4 байтам для IPv4-адресов или 16 байтам для IPv6-адресов. |
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221 При этом размер состояния всегда равен |
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222 64 байтам на 32-битных платформах и 128 байтам на 64-битных платформах. |
367
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223 В зоне размером 1 мегабайт может разместиться около 16 тысяч состояний |
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224 размером 64 байта или около 8 тысяч состояний размером 128 байт. |
2014
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225 </para> |
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226 |
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227 <para> |
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|
228 При переполнении зоны удаляется наименее востребованное состояние. |
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|
229 Если и это не позволяет создать новое состояние, запрос завершается с |
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230 <link id="limit_req_status">ошибкой</link>. |
179
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231 </para> |
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232 |
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233 <para> |
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234 Скорость задаётся в запросах в секунду (r/s). |
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235 Если же нужна скорость меньше одного запроса в секунду, |
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236 то она задаётся в запросах в минуту (r/m), например, |
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237 ползапроса в секунду — это 30r/m. |
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238 </para> |
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239 |
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240 <para id="limit_req_zone_sync"> |
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241 Параметр <literal>sync</literal> (1.15.3) разрешает |
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242 <link doc="../stream/ngx_stream_zone_sync_module.xml" id="zone_sync">синхронизацию</link> |
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243 данной зоны разделяемой памяти. |
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244 <note> |
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245 Параметр <literal>sync</literal> доступен как часть |
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246 <commercial_version>коммерческой подписки</commercial_version>. |
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247 </note> |
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248 </para> |
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249 |
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250 <para> |
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251 <note> |
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252 Дополнительно, как часть |
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253 <commercial_version>коммерческой подписки</commercial_version>, |
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254 <link doc="ngx_http_api_module.xml" id="http_limit_reqs_">информацию о состоянии</link> |
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255 каждой такой зоны разделяемой памяти можно |
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256 <link doc="ngx_http_api_module.xml" id="getHttpLimitReqZone">получить</link> или |
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257 <link doc="ngx_http_api_module.xml" id="deleteHttpLimitReqZoneStat">сбросить</link> |
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258 при помощи <link doc="ngx_http_api_module.xml">API</link> |
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259 начиная с версии 1.17.7. |
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260 </note> |
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261 </para> |
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262 |
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263 </directive> |
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264 |
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265 </section> |
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266 |
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267 |
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268 <section id="variables" name="Встроенные переменные"> |
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269 |
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270 <para> |
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271 <list type="tag"> |
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272 |
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273 <tag-name id="var_limit_req_status"><var>$limit_req_status</var></tag-name> |
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274 <tag-desc> |
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275 хранит результат ограничения скорости поступления запросов (1.17.6): |
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276 <literal>PASSED</literal>, |
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277 <literal>DELAYED</literal>, |
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278 <literal>REJECTED</literal>, |
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279 <literal>DELAYED_DRY_RUN</literal> или |
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280 <literal>REJECTED_DRY_RUN</literal> |
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281 </tag-desc> |
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282 |
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283 </list> |
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284 </para> |
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285 |
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286 </section> |
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287 |
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288 </module> |