Mercurial > hg > nginx-site
annotate xml/en/docs/control.xml @ 698:5182e655d055
DTrace article added
author | Sergey Budnevitch <sb@waeme.net> |
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date | Tue, 02 Oct 2012 15:04:30 +0000 |
parents | af3f38e349eb |
children | 6678b1f27514 |
rev | line source |
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1 <!-- |
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2 Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev |
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3 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc. |
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4 --> |
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5 |
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6 <!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "../../../dtd/article.dtd"> |
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7 |
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8 <article name="Controlling nginx" |
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9 link="/en/docs/control.html" |
589 | 10 lang="en" |
11 rev="1"> | |
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12 |
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13 <section> |
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14 |
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15 <para> |
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16 nginx can be controlled with signals. |
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17 The process ID of the master process is written to the file |
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18 <path>/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid</path> by default. |
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19 This name may be changed at configuration time, or in |
288 | 20 <path>nginx.conf</path> using the |
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21 <link doc="ngx_core_module.xml" id="pid"/> |
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22 directive. |
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23 The master process supports the following signals: |
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24 <note> |
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25 <table> |
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26 |
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27 <tr><td width="20%">TERM, INT</td><td>fast shutdown</td></tr> |
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28 <tr><td width="20%">QUIT</td><td>graceful shutdown</td></tr> |
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29 <tr><td width="20%">HUP</td><td>changing configuration, |
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30 keeping up with a changed time zone (only for FreeBSD and Linux), |
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31 starting new worker processes with a new configuration, |
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32 graceful shutdown of old worker processes</td></tr> |
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33 <tr><td width="20%">USR1</td><td>re-opening log files</td></tr> |
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34 <tr><td width="20%">USR2</td><td>upgrading an executable file</td></tr> |
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35 <tr><td width="20%">WINCH</td><td>graceful shutdown of worker processes</td></tr> |
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36 |
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37 </table> |
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38 </note> |
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39 </para> |
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40 |
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41 <para> |
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42 Individual worker processes can be controlled with signals as well, |
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43 though it is not required. |
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44 The supported signals are: |
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45 <note> |
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46 <table> |
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47 |
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48 <tr><td width="20%">TERM, INT</td><td>fast shutdown</td></tr> |
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49 <tr><td width="20%">QUIT</td><td>graceful shutdown</td></tr> |
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50 <tr><td width="20%">USR1</td><td>re-opening log files</td></tr> |
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51 <tr><td width="20%">WINCH</td><td>abnormal termination for debugging |
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52 (requires <link doc="ngx_core_module.xml" id="debug_points"/> to be enabled) |
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53 </td></tr> |
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54 |
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55 </table> |
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56 </note> |
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57 </para> |
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58 |
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59 </section> |
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60 |
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61 |
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62 <section id="reconfiguration" name="Changing Configuration"> |
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63 |
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64 <para> |
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65 In order for nginx to re-read the configuration file, a HUP |
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66 signal should be sent to the master process. |
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67 The master process first checks the syntax validity, then tries |
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68 to apply new configuration, that is, to open log files and new |
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69 listen sockets. |
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70 If this fails, it rolls back changes and continues to work |
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71 with old configuration. |
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72 If this succeeds, it starts new worker processes, and |
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73 sends messages to old worker processes requesting them to |
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74 shut down gracefully. |
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75 Old worker processes close listen sockets and continue to service |
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76 old clients. |
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77 After all clients are serviced, old worker processes are shut down. |
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78 </para> |
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79 |
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80 <para> |
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81 Let’s illustrate this by example. |
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82 Imagine that nginx is run on FreeBSD 4.x and the command |
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83 <programlisting> |
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84 ps ax -o pid,ppid,user,%cpu,vsz,wchan,command | egrep '(nginx|PID)' |
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85 </programlisting> |
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86 produces the following output: |
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87 <programlisting> |
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88 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND |
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89 33126 1 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb |
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90 33127 33126 nobody 0.0 1380 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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91 33128 33126 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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92 33129 33126 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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93 </programlisting> |
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94 </para> |
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95 |
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96 <para> |
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97 If HUP is sent to the master process, the output becomes: |
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98 <programlisting> |
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99 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND |
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100 33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb |
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101 33129 33126 nobody 0.0 1380 kqread nginx: worker process is shutting down (n |
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102 33134 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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103 33135 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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104 33136 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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105 </programlisting> |
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106 </para> |
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107 |
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108 <para> |
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109 One of the old worker processes with PID 33129 still continues to work. |
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110 After some time it exits: |
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111 <programlisting> |
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112 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND |
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113 33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb |
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114 33134 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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115 33135 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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116 33136 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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117 </programlisting> |
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118 </para> |
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119 |
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120 </section> |
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121 |
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122 |
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123 <section id="logs" name="Rotating Log-files"> |
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124 |
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125 <para> |
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126 In order to rotate log files, they need to be renamed first. |
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127 After that USR1 signal should be sent to the master process. |
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128 The master process will then re-open all currently open log files and |
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129 assign them an unprivileged user under which the worker processes |
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130 are running, as an owner. |
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131 After successful re-opening, the master process closes all open files and |
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132 sends the message to worker process to ask them to re-open files. |
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133 Worker processes also open new files and close old files right away. |
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134 As a result, old files are almost immediately available for post |
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135 processing, such as compression. |
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136 </para> |
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137 |
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138 </section> |
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139 |
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140 |
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141 <section id="upgrade" name="Upgrading Executable on the Fly"> |
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142 |
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143 <para> |
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144 In order to upgrade the server executable, the new executable file |
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145 should be put in place of an old file first. |
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146 After that USR2 signal should be sent to the master process. |
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147 The master process first renames its file with the process ID to a |
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148 new file with the <path>.oldbin</path> suffix, e.g. |
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149 <path>/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.oldbin</path>, |
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150 then starts a new executable file that in turn starts new |
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151 worker processes: |
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152 <programlisting> |
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153 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND |
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154 33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb |
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155 33134 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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156 33135 33126 nobody 0.0 1380 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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157 33136 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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158 36264 33126 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb |
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159 36265 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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160 36266 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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161 36267 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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162 </programlisting> |
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163 </para> |
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164 |
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165 <!-- |
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166 |
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167 <para> |
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168 The process 36264 with a new executable file creates its own file |
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169 with the <path>.newbin</path> suffix that will keep the process ID, |
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170 e.g. <path>/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.newbin</path>. |
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171 </para> |
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172 |
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173 --> |
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174 |
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175 <para> |
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176 After that all worker processes (old and new ones) continue to accept requests. |
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177 If the WINCH signal is sent to the first master process, it will |
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178 send messages to its worker processes, requesting them to shut |
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179 down gracefully, and they will start to exit: |
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180 <programlisting> |
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181 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND |
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182 33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb |
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183 33135 33126 nobody 0.0 1380 kqread nginx: worker process is shutting down (n |
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184 36264 33126 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb |
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185 36265 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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186 36266 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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187 36267 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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188 </programlisting> |
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189 </para> |
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190 |
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191 <para> |
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192 <note> |
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193 When using the “rtsig” method on Linux, the new processes may not accept |
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194 connections even after the old master process was sent the WINCH signal. |
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195 If that is the case, the USR1 signal should be sent to the new master |
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196 process continuously, until the new processes start to accept connections. |
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197 </note> |
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198 </para> |
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199 |
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200 <para> |
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201 After some time, only the new worker processes will process requests: |
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202 <programlisting> |
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203 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND |
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204 33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb |
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205 36264 33126 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb |
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206 36265 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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207 36266 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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208 36267 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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209 </programlisting> |
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210 </para> |
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211 |
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212 <para> |
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213 It should be noted that the old master process does not close its listen |
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214 sockets, and it can be managed to start its worker processes again if needed. |
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215 If for some reason the new executable file works unacceptably, the following |
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216 can be done: |
461 | 217 <list type="bullet"> |
186
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218 |
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219 <listitem> |
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220 <para> |
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221 Send the HUP signal to the old master process. |
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222 The old process will start new worker processes without re-reading the |
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223 configuration. |
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224 After that, new processes can be shut down gracefully, by sending |
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225 their master process the QUIT signal. |
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226 </para> |
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227 </listitem> |
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228 |
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229 <listitem> |
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230 <para> |
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231 Send the TERM signal to the new master process, it will then send a |
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232 message to its worker processes requesting them to exit immediately, |
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233 and they will all exit almost immediately. |
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234 When the new master process exits, the old master process will start new |
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235 worker processes. |
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236 </para> |
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237 </listitem> |
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238 |
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239 <listitem> |
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240 <para> |
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241 If new processes do not exit, the KILL signal should be sent to them. |
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242 When the new master process exits, the old master process will start new |
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243 worker processes. |
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244 </para> |
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245 </listitem> |
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246 |
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247 </list> |
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248 |
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249 </para> |
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250 |
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251 <para> |
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252 If the new master process exits then the old master process discards |
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253 the <path>.oldbin</path> suffix from the file name with the process ID. |
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254 </para> |
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255 |
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256 <para> |
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257 If upgrade was successful, then the old master process can be sent |
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258 the QUIT signal, and only new processes will stay: |
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259 <programlisting> |
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260 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND |
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261 36264 1 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb |
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262 36265 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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263 36266 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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264 36267 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) |
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265 </programlisting> |
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266 </para> |
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267 |
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268 <!-- |
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269 |
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270 <para> |
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271 To complete the upgrade process, the |
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272 <path>/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.newbin</path> file should be renamed to |
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273 <path>/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid</path>. |
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274 </para> |
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275 |
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276 --> |
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277 |
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278 </section> |
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279 |
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280 </article> |